P'D. I.

A FATHER'S COUNSEL.

PT.IV. of the country, which though expressing regret at the loss of his services, yet congratulated him on the asCH. II. tonishing increase of national wealth and prosperity, 1796. during the period of his administration over a country, which was more indebted to him, than to any other human being, for its very existence.

20. On retiring Washington published a Fare well Address, in which he called on his countrymen to cherish an immovable attachment to the national union. Wash- He recommended the most implicit obedience to the acts ington's of the established government, and reprobated all obaddress. Structions to the execution of the laws,-all combina

farewell

tions and associations, with the design to overawe the constituted authorities. Good faith and equal justice should be observed towards all. Honesty, no less in public, than in private affairs, is the best policy. Religion and morality are the pillars of human happiness. These great truths, with others, were taught us, as parting precepts, by our parental friend, whose fame, for wisdom, gathers brightness as time passes on.

1797. Mar. 4.

CHAPTER III.

America resents the indignities of France.-Adams's Adminis tration.-Jefferson's.

1. THE party candidates for president, were ThoAdams mas Jefferson on the part of the republicans, and John presi Adams on that of the federalists. Mr. Adams was dent, Jefferson elected president, and Mr. Jefferson vice-president... vice-pre- Mr. Adams received intelligence of an open insult on sident. the part of the French government, now in the hands from of the directory. They had desired the American France. minister to quit France, and determined not to receive another, until the United States had complied with their demands.

Insult

20. What can you repeat of Washington's Farewell Address? CHAPTER III.-1. Who were the candidates of the two parties for president? Who was made president? Who vice-president? In what year? What government treated our republic with insolence?

WASHINGTON'S EXAMPLE, A NATIONAL TREASURE. 267

Marshall

2. Mr. Adams, to show his desire for peace, not- PT. IV. withstanding this ill usage, appointed three envoys ex- P'D. I. traordinary to the French republic; but they, instead ca. m. of being openly received, were privately beset with Pinkney intrigues; the object of which, was to make them pay and money, to bribe the persons in power. These shame- Gerry ful proposals were made in letters signed X. Y. and Z... Nothing seemed now to remain but war. army was provided for by Congress, and Washington appointed to the command. Capt. Truxton of the American frigate Constellation, fought and captured the French frigate L'Insurgente.

An

parte

3. The French government at length became con- 1800. vinced, that, although the Americans might choose to quarrel among themselves, yet they would not suffer Buonaforeign interference; and they made overtures for a head of renewal of negotiations. Mr. Adams promptly met the con them, by appointing three envoys to Paris. They found the government in the hands of Napoleon Treaty Buonaparte. With him they amicably adjusted all made. disputes.

sulate.

Sept. 30.

Dec. 14.

4. Washington calmly and peacefully expired at Mount Vernon, in the sixty-eighth year of his age. His history is that of his country, during the period 1799. of his public services. What may be said of many of Death of the worthies of the revolution, may be eminently said Washof him; in no instance has he rendered his country a more important service, than in leaving to her future sons, his great and good example.

ington.

Nov.

ment

5. Suitable buildings having been erected, the seat 1800 of government, agreeably to the law passed by con- Seat of gress in 1790, was transferred from Philadelphia to governthe city of Washington. A territory, ten miles square, transferin which it was to be permanently located, had been ceded to the general government, by the states of Virginia and Maryland; and received the name of "the

2. Give some account of the X. Y. and Z. mission as it was called? What was done in reference to the expected war? 3. Of what did the French government become convinced? Who was at the head of the French government, and what was done? -4. What interesting event is next related? 5. What trans fer was now made?

red to

Wash

ington.

268

PARTY-SPIRIT'S WORST DAY.

PT. IV. District of Columbia."... Mississippi, and a part of the northwest territory, called Indiana, were this year CH. I made territories, with separate governments.

P'D. I.

1800.

6. The time had now arrived for electing a president. It was at this period, that the feuds and animosities of the federal and republican parties were at their greatest height. Mr. Adams had lost the people's favour by one of those changes of popular sentiment which public men often experience. He had sanctioned two acts which were regarded as hostile to the constitution; "the Alien Law," which authorised the president to order any alien, whom he should judge Sedition dangerous to the peace and liberty of the country to delaws. part from the United States, on pain of imprisonment,

and alien

and another, called the "Sedition Law," which imposed a heavy fine, and imprisonment for years, upon such as should "write, print, utter, publish, &c, any false, scandalous, and malicious writing against the government of the United States, or either house of congress of the United States, or the president, &c." Under the sedi tion law, several persons were actually imprisoned.

7. By the constitution, as it then existed, each elector voted for two men, without designating which was to be president. He who was found to have the greatest number of votes, was to be president, and the second on the list, vice-president. The republican Jefferson electors, who had a very considerable majority over Burr. the federal, gave their votes, to a man, for Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr; intending that Jefferson should be president. They had thus an equal number of votes; and the election must, according to the constitution, be decided by the house of representatives.

and

8. The federalists considered that they might yet defeat their opponents; and probably believing that they should find a grateful friend in Col. Burr, they determined, if possible, to raise him to the presidency

6. What two unpopular laws had been passed?-7. How did each elector then vote for president and vice-president? How was the vote of the electors given ? -8. What did the fe deral party now think and do?

UNPARALLELED ADVANCE.

269

On counting the votes in the house, Mr. Jefferson and FT. IV. Mr. Burr had each an equal number. Thirty-five times P'D. I. the voting went round, and the hour had nearly come, cн. III. when if a president had not been chosen, the govern- 1801. ment would have been destroyed. At length Jefferson Are had a majority of one State. . . . The constitution was presiden. afterwards amended, so that the same danger might and vice never occur again. The conduct pursued by both presiparties in congress, on this occasion, manifests how little, party spirit cares for public good.

Inade

dent.

Second

census

9. A second census of the United States was completed; giving a population of 5,319,762, an increase of one million four hundred thousand in ten years. In the same time, the exports increased from nine- 1800 teen to ninety-four millions, and the revenue, from in 4,771,000 to 12,945,000 dollars. This rapid advance 1801. in the career of prosperity, is unparalleled in the history

of nations.

declared

10. In 1802, Ohio was admitted as an independent 1802. state into the Union. Much of the territory of this state was originally claimed by Virginia and Connecti- Ohio ad cut; and was ceded by them to the United States, at mitted to different times, after the year 1781. From this state, union. as a part of the N. W. territory, slavery was excluded.

the

ana ce

ded by

France.

11. In 1802, the port of New Orleans was closed against the United States. Spain having ceded Louisiana to the French, the Spanish intendant announced Louistthat the citizens of the United States could no longer be permitted to deposit their merchandise and effects Spain in the port of New Orleans. The western states apprehended the ruin of their commerce; and great agitation was excited. The right of deposit was subse- western quently restored; but the alarm had shown, how states. important was the possession of the waters of the Mississippi to the western states.

8. What singular position of affairs now presented itself? How did it terminate ? What does this affair show with respect to party spirit?-9. In what year was the second census taken ? How many inhabitants? What increase of population in ten years? What of exports and revenue?-10. What account can you give of Ohio? - 11. On what account were the western states alarmed and agitated? Was the right of deposit restored? What had this alarm shown.

Alarm

of the

270

A REALM WON BY THE PURSE.

P'T. IV. 12. Negotiations were therefore set on foot, by P'D. I. which the United States purchased of France, for the CH.II. sum of fifteen millions of dollars, the whole territory 1803. of Louisiana. This acquisition nearly doubled the Lor: extent of the Republic, adding the vast western secna par- tion of the basin of the Mississippi, and giving the of United States a boundary on the Pacific Ocean.

chased

France.

12. What negotiations were set on foot? What purchase was made. For what consideration? What may be said of this acquisition?

EXERCISES ON THE CHRONOGRAPHER.

What epoch marks the beginning of this period? What 18 its date? Point out its place on the chronographer. Washington was inaugurated president April 30th, 1789. Point out the place of this date. Mr. Hamilton's funding system in 1790 was the origin of the federal and republican parties. Point to the place of that year. The national bank was established in 1791, and the first census of the United States completed. Point out the place of this date.

The defeat of Gen. St. Clair occurred in 1792. Locate this event. Kentucky was admitted into the Union in 1792. Washington was inaugurated the second time, in 1793. Point out the places of these events. Gen. Wayne totally defeated the Indians, August 20th, 1794. Jay's treaty with Great Britain was signed by Washington the same year. Point out the place of the year. Washington published his Farewell Address in 1797. Point out the place of this date.

John Adams was inaugurated president and Thomas Jefferson vice-president, March 4, 1797. Point to this year. Washington died Dec. 14th, 1799. Point out the place of this date. In 1801, Thomas Jefferson was made president, and Aaron Burr vice-president. Point to the place of this date. At what event does this period terminate? What is its date? Point out its place on the chronographer.

Let the teacher now select other dates, as before.