WISDOM, UNION, AND LABOR.

71

affection he exclaimed, "Now I live! if ye stand PT. 1. fast in the Lord!"

P'D. III.

man

15. Associated with Hooker, both in council and CH. VII. action, was JOHN HAYNES, a gentleman of excellent endowments, of unaffected meekness, and possessed A good of a very considerable estate. So desirous were the people of Massachusetts to detain him, that they made him their governor; but he would not separate himself from his friend and pastor.

The

16. Warned by the calamities of the preceding autuinn, Hooker would not delay, although his wife was so ill, as to be carried on a litter. The company de- June, parted from Newtown early in June, driving their 1636 flocks and herds. Many of them were accustomed to journey affiuence; but now, they all,-men, women and little across children, travelled on foot, through thickets, across derness streams and over mountains,-lodging at night upon the unsheltered ground. But they put their cheerful trust in God; and we doubt not the ancient forest was, night and morning, made vocal with His praise.

the wil

and

success

17. At length they reached their destined location, which they named Hartford. The excellent Haynes was chosen chief magistrate; and the soil was pur- Good chased of the natives. The succeeding summer was conduct one of the utmost exertion. Houses were to be built, lands cleared, food provided for the coming winter, roads made, the cunning and terrible savage to be guarded against, and, chiefly, a church and state to be organized. All was to be done, and all was accomplished, by wisdom, union, and labor.

15. Give an account of John Haynes. 16. Describe the journey of Hooker and his people ?- 17. Where was their location? Who was made governor? How did they get the right of soil? What had they to do? By what means did they ac complish their undertakings?

72

A RIGHTEOUS WAR

P'T. 1.

P'D. III.

CHAPTER VIII.

The Pequod War.

1. THE Pequods were endeavoring to unite the Indian tribes in a plot to exterminate the English, espeCH. VIII. cially those of the colony, named from its river, ConNECTICUT. They had sought, as we have seen, the alliance of their former enemies, the Narragansetts, but through the influence of Roger Williams, Miantonomoh, the war-chief of that nation, remained true to 1636. the whites. Uncas, the Mohegan sagamore, formerly Pequods a vassal, and of the same family with Sassacus, was hostile. now his inveterate foe.

The

2. The Pequods murdered Captain John Oldham, near Block Island. They made other attacks, and carried away some prisoners. They cut off stragglers from Saybrook, and had become so bold as to assault the fort, and use impudent and threatening language. Every where they were, or seemed to be, lurking, with July, purposes of murder. The whole settlement, thus conof the stantly excited, was in the feverish condition of intense settlers. and continual fear. The people neither ate, slept, or labored, or even worshipped God in the sanctuary, without arms and ammunition at hand.

Distress

3. A general court was called on the last of May, at Hartford. Thirty persons had already been killed, and the evidence was conclusive that the savages de1637. signed a general massacre. The court, therefore, The righteously declared war.

May,

court

declare

war.

4. The quota of troops from the three towns now settled, shows the rapid progress of the settlement. Hartford was to furnish ninety men, Windsor fortytwo, and Wethersfield eighteen, making one hundred and fifty. John Mason was chosen captain. The

CHAPTER VIII.-1 & 2. What causes had the Pequod Indians given to the Connecticut people, to declare war against them? What was the condition of the people?-3. When and where did the general court meet? What did they do?-4. What troops were to be raised, and how apportioned?

THE PEQUOD NATION ANNIHILATED.

73

troops embarked at Hartford; sailed down the river and PT. I. along the coast to Narrangansett Bay. Miantonomoh P'D. III. furnished them two hundred warriors, Uncas sixty. CH. VIII. There were actually embodied of the English, only Route of seventy-seven, of whom twenty, commanded by Cap- troops tain Underhill, were from Massachusetts. Guided by Mason. a Pequod deserter, they reached Mystic, one of the two forts of Sassacus, at dawn of day.

under

5. Their Indian allies showed signs of fear, and Mason arranging them at a distance around the fort, advanced with his own little army. If they fell, there was no second force to defend their state, their wives and helpless children. As they approach, a dog barks, and an Indian sentinel cries out, "Owannox, Owan- May 26, nox!" the English, the English! They leap within Fort at Mystic the fort. The Indians fight desperately, and victory destroyis doubtful. Mason then seizes and throws a flaming brand, shouting, "we must burn them." The light materials of their wigwams were instantly in a blaze. Hemmed in as the Indians now were, escape was impossible; and six hundred,—all who were within the fort, of every sex and age, in one hour perished.

ed.

6. The subjects of Sassacus now reproached him as the author of their misfortunes, and to escape destruction, he, with his chief captains fled to the Mohawks; but he was afterwards slain by a revengeful 1637. subject. Three hundred of his warriors, having burn- Pequod defeat at ed his remaining fort, fled along the sea-coast. Ma- Fairfield. son, aided by fresh troops from Massachusetts, pursued. the fugitive savages; traced them to a swamp in Fairfield, and there fought and defeated them.

The

7. Nearly one thousand of the Pequods were destroyed; many fled, and two hundred, beside women and children, remained as captives. Of these, some, Pequod we are grieved to relate, were sent to the West Indies extinct. and sold into slavery. The remainder were divided between the Narragansetts and the Mohegans. The two

4. Give a particular account of the armament-their number, -commander, and route. What assistance was received? 5. Describe Mason's arrangements-his approach-and the fate of the Pequods within the fort?-6. Of those remaining?7. How many were destroyed? What was done with the residue?

-

74

P'D. III.

THE FOUNDERS OF NEW HAVEN.

PT.I. Sachems, Uncas and Miantonomoh, between whom was mutual hatred, now engaged to live in peace. CH. VIII. The lands of the Pequods were regarded as conquered territory, and the name of the tribe was declared extinct.

First

8. The prowess of the English had thus put the natives in fear, and a long peace ensued. All the thanks churches in New England commemorated this delivergiving. ance, by keeping a day of common and devout thanksgiving.

Civil

9. The war had fallen heavily upon the colony. Their farming and their finances were deranged; but order and industry restored them. In 1639, they for1639. mally conjoined themselves, to be one state or commonwealth, and adopted a constitution. This ordainmeut. ed two annual general courts, at one of which, to be held in May, the whole body of freemen should choose a governor, deputy-governor, six magistrates, and other ments. necessary officers.

govern

Its arrange

10. THEOPHILUS EATON and JOHN DAVENPORTt, 1637. puritans of much distinction in England, were regardFounded as the founders of the colony of New Haven. Haven. These two friends collected their associates, and ar

ers of

rived at Boston, July 26th, 1637. Massachusetts was desirous of securing such settlers, but they preferred a separate establishment; and seeking a commercial Arrival station, they explored the coast, fixed on Quinnipiac, and in 1638, they moored their vessels in its harbor.

at Boston

11. The company had made some little preparation for the settlement the preceding summer, yet many sufferings were to be endured. The spring was uncommonly backward; their planted corn perished repeatedly in the ground, and they dreaded the utter failure of the crop; but at length they were cheered by warm weather, and surprised by the rapid progress of vegetation.

12. The first Sunday after they arrived, they met 7. With their lands? What two sachems engaged to live in peace?-8. On what occasion was the first New England thanksgiving?-9. When did they adopt a constitution? What can you say of the court held in May ? 10. Who were the founders of New Haven? Describe their first operations?-11. What was the weather, and their prospects for a crop?

-

THE THEOLOGICAL DISTURBANCE.

75

P'D. II'

and worshipped under a large tree, when Mr. Daven- P'T.1. port preached to them concerning the temptations of the wilderness. Not long after, the free planters sub- CH IX scribed, what, in distinction from a church union, they April 18, termed a plantation-covenant.

1638.

Govern

ment.

13. Under this covenant they continued until the next year, when they assembled in a large barn belonging to Mr. Newman, formed themselves into a body 1639. politic, and established a form of government. The governor and magistrates were to hold annually a general court, to regulate the affairs of the colony. Eaton was chosen governor. They purchased their lands from the natives, and gave to the place the name governor of NEW HAVEN.

Mr.

Eaton,

CHAPTER IX.

Intolerance of the times-R. Island-N. Hampshire-Delaware.

"great

disturb

1. ANNE HUTCHINSON, a resident of Boston, at this time advanced religious opinions, so entirely at variance with those of the Puritan settlers, that a disturbance" arose in the Bay colony. Gov. Vane considered that whether her opinions were true or false, The the she had a right to enjoy them herself, and explain ological them to others. Mr. Cotton, the minister of Boston, ance. and the most celebrated of all the clergy of Massachusetts, was also, at first, inclined to defend Mrs. Hutchinson: but the ministers, generally, regarded her doctrines, not only as false, but, as dangerous to such a degree, that, if let alone, they would overthrow both church and state.

2. In this extremity, a synod of ministers was assembled at Boston. Mr. Davenport had opportunely

12. Where did they worship on the first Sunday? Where enter into the plantation-covenant? - 13. What political arrangements did they make the next year?

CHAPTER IX.-1. What caused a disturbance in the colony? What was Gov. Vane's view of the case? What that of the clergy generally? 2. What assemblage was held at Boston?