96 P'D. I. irth,&c. PENN'S ARRIVAL. P'T. II. Vice Admiral, Sir William Penn; and was born in London, in 1644. To provide a place for his per CH. III. secuted brethren, of the denomination of Friends, 1644. or Quakers, was the leading object in his mind, when William he planned a new emigration to America. Penn's 2. His father had left claims to the amount of sixteen thousand pounds against the crown; and Penn, finding that there was a tract yet ungranted, north of Lord Baltimore's patent, solicited and obtained of March 4, Charles II., a charter of the country. It was bounded Patent east by the Delaware, extending westward through sylvania. five degrees of longitude, and stretching from twelve 1681. of Penn Obtains ware. miles north of New Castle, to the 43d degree of lati- to the country the name of Pennsylvania. 3. Soon after the date of this grant, two other conDela veyances were made to Penn, by the Duke of York; one of which embraced the present state of Delaware, and was called the "Territories." The other was a release from the Duke, of any claims to Pennsylvania. 4. He prepared a liberal constitution of civil govSept. 9, ernment, for those who should become his colonists. 1682. Having sent out three ships, loaded with emigrants, Penn sails and consigned to the care of his nephew, Colonel England. Markham, he left Chester on board the Welcome, and with one hundred settlers, sailed for his province, his benevolent heart full of hope and courage. from Arrives 5. He landed at New Castle, and was joyfully received by the Swedes and Dutch, now amounting to at New two or three thousand. The next day, at their courtOct. 28. house, he received from the agent of the Duke of York, the surrender of the "Territories." He then, Castle, 1. Give an account of his birth and parentage? What was his motive in planning a new colony? 2. Of whom did Penn obtain a grant? What claim had he against the crown? What was the extent of Penn's first patent? 3. What other conveyances were made to him?-4. How did Penn propose to treat his settlers in respect to government? Whom did he send from England before he sailed? From what place did he said? Is what vessel? With how many?-5. What were the cu stances of his first arrival? ENERGY AND BENEVOLENCE. 97 with blended dignity and affection, assured the delight- г'T.J ed throngs, that their rights should be respected, and p’D. I. their happiness regarded. P'D. CH. III. 6. In honor of his friend, the Duke, he next visited Names New York; but immediately returning, he went to Chester. 1682 Upland, which he named Chester. Here a part of the pioneers, with Markham, had begun a settlement; and here Penn called the first assembly. It consisted of an The first equal number from the province and the "Territories." assembly By its first act, all the inhabitants, of whatever extrac- Chester. tion, were naturalized. Dec. 4. at Pass m 7. Penn was the first legislator, whose criminal code admitted the humane principle, that the object of punishment is not merely to prevent crime, but to reform the offender. Hence, his code seldom punished with death. The assembly sat three days, and passed fifty-three nine laws; an evidence, that the time which belonged laws. to the public, was not here consumed, either in personal abuse, or pompous declamation. 8. Penn next paid a visit of friendship and business to Lord Baltimore, at West River. Though they differed on the question of boundaries, yet friendly feeling pervaded the interview. days 50 Penn visits Lord Balti more. Penn meets the 9. Penn had given to Colonel Markham, who preceded him, directions, that the natives should be treated kindly, and fairly; and accordingly no land had been entered upon, but by their consent. They had also been notified that Penn, to whom they gave the name of Onas, was to meet, and establish with them, a treaty Indian of perpetual peace. On the morning of the appointed chiefs. day, under a huge elm at Shackamaxon, now a suburb of Philadelphia, the Indian chiefs gathered from every direction, to see Penn, and to hear his words; which they regarded as those of an angel. 10 Penn gave them instructions, and solemnly appealed to the Almighty, that it was the ardent desire 6. What place did he next visit? Where go on his return? What was done in Chester? 7. What principle in legislation was Penn the first to teach? What can you say of the labours done by the assembly? Of what was this an evidence? — 8. Whom did Penn visit? 9. How did he direct that the natives should be treated? Of what had they been notified? Give an account of the meeting? 98 BROTHERLY LOVE. PT.II. of his heart to do them good. "He would not call P'D.I. them brothers or children, but they should be to him CH. III. and his, as half of the same body." The chiefs then 1682. gave their pledge for themselves, and for their tribes, "to live in love with him and his children, as long as treaty of the sun and moon should endure." The treaty was peace. then executed, the chiefs putting down the emblems of their several tribes. The purchases of Markham were confirmed, and others made. Makes a Penu 11. After this, Penn went to a villa, which his nephew had built for his residence, opposite the site of Burlington, and called Pennsbury. Here he gave lays out directions for laying out towns and counties; and in conjunction with the surveyor, Holme, drew the plan of his capital; and in the spirit of "brotherly love," named it Philadelphia. and names Philadel phia. 12. Vessels came fast with new settlers, until twentytwo, bearing two thousand persons, had arrived. Some came so late in the fall, that they could not be provided with house-room in the rude dwellings of the new city: and "the caves" were dug in the banks of Throngs the river to receive them. Providence fed them by flocks of pigeons, and the fish of the rivers; and the Indians, regarding them as the children of Onas, hunted to bring them game. The season was unusually mild. of set tlers. 13. Penn had left beyond the ocean his beloved family. Letters from England spoke of the sufferings of his quaker brethren, and he believed that he might Aug. 4. exercise an influence there, to check persecution. He 1684. Penn em- embarked on the fourth of August; and wrote on board barks for the ship an affectionate adieu to his province, which England he sent on shore before he sailed. He said, "And thou, Philadelphia, virgin of the province! my soul prays for thee; that, faithful to the God of thy mercies, in the life of righteousness, thou mayest be preserved unto the end!" 10. What did Penn say to the chiefs? How did the chiefs respond? Was a treaty made?-11. What did Penn after this?-12. What can you say of the new settlers? 13. Why did Penn return? When did he embark? What send on shore? - PENN ACTIVE IN NEW JERSEY AFFAIRS. 99 CHAPTER IV. New Jersey-its settlement, and various claimants. 1. PREVIOUS to the surrender of the Dutch, the PT. II. Duke of York made a grant, of that part of his patent P'D. I. lying between the Hudson and Delaware, to Lord CH. IV. Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. This tract was 1664. called NEW JERSEY, in compliment to Sir George, who had been governor of the isle of Jersey. Eliza 2. In 1664, before the grant to Berkeley and Carteret was known, three persons from Long Island purchased of the natives a tract of the country, which was called Elizabethtown, where a settlement was bethtown commenced. Other towns were soon settled by emi- previously settled. grants from the colonies, and from Europe. Thus, opposite claims were created, which caused much discord between the proprietors and inhabitants. In 1665, Berkeley and Carteret formed a constitution for the colony, and appointed Philip Carteret governor. He made Elizabethtown the seat of government. Berkeley 3. Berkeley and Carteret, at first, held the province 1669. as joint property, but the former, becoming weary Lord with the care of an estate, which yielded him neither honor nor profit, sold his share to Edward Billinge. sells his That gentleman, on being involved in debt, found it necessary to assign his property for the benefit of his creditors; and William Penn was one of his assignees. right. Penn causes New Jersey to 4. New Jersey was now jointly held by Sir George Carteret, and Penn, as agent for the assignees of Billinge. But Penn, perceiving the inconvenience of holding joint property, it was mutually agreed to separate be dithe country into East and West Jersey; Carteret receiving the sole proprietorship of East Jersey, and Penn and his associates, that of West Jersey. 1. What grant was made? By whom? To whom? What was the country called?-2. Who had made a previous settlement? From whence were other towns soon settled? Did they all agree? What was done in 1665?-3. Which of the two proprietors sold his share? To whom? How came William Penn to have a hand in Jersey affairs?-4. How was New Jersey now held? How and why was it divided? vided. 100 P'D. I. The NEW JERSEY SETTLEMENTS PROSPER. P'T. II. 5. Penn divided West Jersey into one hundred shares, which were separately disposed of, and then, CH. IV. in that spirit of righteousness, whereby he won the confidence of all, he drew up the articles called "the concessions." By these, the proprietors ceded to the "conces planters, the privileges of free civil government; expressly declaring "we put the power in the people." Religion was left free, and imprisonment for debt prohibited. In two years eight hundred new settlers came over, mostly quakers; persons of excellent character, and good condition. sions." 1683. 6. In 1682, East Jersey, the property of Carteret, 24 Qua- being exposed to sale, Penn purchased it for twelve kers buy quakers. In 1683, these proprietors doubled their Jersey. number, and obtained a new patent from the Duke of York. East 7. East Jersey was now free from religious intolerance. This was the era of those civil wars of Great Britain, in which the English royal officers, hunted the Cameronian Scots, like wild beasts. Hundreds of the sufferers now came to East Jersey, and there, bringing their industrious and frugal habits, they were blessed with security, abundance, and content. 1678. 8. Sir Edmund Andros, when governor of New Andros York, under pretence of the claims of the Duke of Jerseys York, usurped the government both in East and West in the Penn is Jersey, and laid a tax upon all goods imported, and upon the property of all who came to settle in the country. 9. Penn received complaints of these abuses, and 1680 with such strength of argument opposed the claims of there the duke, that the commissioners, to whom the case also. was referred, adjudged the duties to be illegal and op pressive. In consequence of which, in 1680 they were removed, and the proprietors reinstated in the government. 10. Edward Billinge was appointed by the proprie 5. How did Penn proceed in regard to West Jersey ?-6. Ho did Penn come to have any thing to do with East Jersey? Ho did East Jersey proprietors now proceed? 7. What was the state of this colony? Who came to it ?-8. What did Sir Ed mund Andres ? 9. What did William Penn?-10. Whor did the proprietors appoint? |