had entered at the head of an armed body of rude undifciplined Calabrians, is fecured, and the lawful monarch restored to the throne of his ancestors.

There now remains to be reduced the maiden fortrefs of Coni, which has never yet been fubdued, and Tortona, which cannot be expected to make any long refiftance, in order to complete the expulfion of the French from Italy; for MOREAU, or rather JouBERT, who has, 'ere this, fucceeded him in the command, has too great an inferiority of numbers to make head against the allies, ftrengthened as they are by the accetion of the befieging armies of Mantua and Aleffandria. We conceive the difpro ortion of force to be not lefs than 70,000 to 30,000. Marthal SuwRROW, therefore, will now be enabled to co-operate effectually with the Archduke CHARLES, confequently to enable him to refume offenfive operations. Since the occupation of the entrenched camp at Zurich, the Auftrians have re pained nearly inactive; while Maffena, poffefed of a pofition, at a very small diftance, equally ftrong by nature and by art, has obferved a fimilar inactivity. The conduct of the ARCHDUKE has been highly prudent, fince, inferior in frce, to the enemy, every wee's delay produced an augmentation of ftrength. He has, 'ere this, been joined by the firft column of troops from Ruffia, befides a powerful reinforcemeat from the hereditary dominions of Auftria. MASSENA's inactivity must be imputed to orders received from the Directory not to ritk, without the greatest probability of fuccefs, that ariny, which now, Heaven be praifed! conftitutes to the fole prop of the Regicide Republic. MASSENA is fuppofed to have been replaced by MOREAU, who, as we before obferved, has probably be n fucceeded by JOUBERT. If the allies content themfelves with blockading Coni and Tortona, the ftate of affairs in SWITZERLAND must foon experience a material change, and JOUBERT's army muft either ritk an action with a fuperior force, which is not probable, or, evacuating the Genocfe territory, haften to the fupport of MOREAU. But thould the allied army perfift in forming the age of thefe two fortrelles, fix weeks may probably elapfe before the fate of Switzerland will be decided. The laft body of Ruffians is not expected to reach the fcene of action before the tenth of September, and the gallant little army of Cond ́ ́, which we have fome reason to believe will be headed by it SOVEREIGN, cannot arrive on the frontiers of France before the end of that month.

The conduct of the Swifs, in not joining the Auftrians in expelling the ferocious banditti who a. affinated their kindred, violated their wives and daughters, and deluged their country with the blood of its loyal inhabitants, has afforded much ground for aftonishment. This backwardness has been afcribed to the exhaufted ftate of Switzerland, and the cagernefs of the people for the enjoyment of a tranquil life. The reafon affigned may be partially true, but we much fear, that he French have fucceeded too well in infufing the poifon of anarchy into the minds of the wifs. At all events, the utmoft caution and care are requifite to youze this warlike

nation to a juft fenfe of its own wrongs, and, we will add, of its own duty; for it is the duty of every friend to religion, morals, and focial order, to atlift in crufhing a mifanthropic horde, whe, under the veil of philanthropy, have fought to deftroy them all with fire and fword. We are concerned to ftate, that we have not difcovered, on the part of fome of our own agents, the fpecies of caution to which we allude. The command of one of the regi ments of loyal Sw.fs, raised for the service of this country, has been actually given to a man, who, when the French took poffeffion of Piedmont, exhorted his troops, (he was then in the Sardinian fervice,) to enlift under the banners of liberty, and to join the marrauders of France in inflicting punishment on the defpots of Europe! This demands a ferious enquiry; for a plan, howevET wifely conceived, may be totally fruftrated, by the negligence of agents; and government cannot pay too much attention to the conduct of its agents on the continent. The recruiting fervice, in Switzerland, we are forry to fay, goes on very flowly; indeed, the bounty offered forms a very inadequate temptation to enlift; we believe, it does not now exceed a guinea! Needless profusion, at firft, when productive of no poffible advantage, has neceffitated a dangerous parfimony, at a time when liberality is highly neceifary. In the council of Vienna, we defcry a greater portion of energy and decifion than have diftinguished their conduct of late; and the party of the ARCHDUKE, which is the party of the country, has, we are credibly informed, recently acquired that preponderance to which it is fo well entitled, and from which we augur the most beneficial confequences.

If we turn our eyes to a different quarter, and contemplate the effects of British valour on the thores of Paleftine, we fhall find grounds for honeft exultation that feldom have been equalled, never exceeded; we fhall there fee the hero of France, the conqueror of Italy, theboafted legiflator of Europe, accuftomed to dictate laws to fubjugated nations, leading a band of chofen followers, exceeding twelve thousand in number, and poffeffed of a staff, eminent for military kill and experience, laying fiege to a fmall town in Afia, wretchedly fortified, and defended only by two thousand English and Muilulmans, under the command of a naval officer; detained before it fixty-nine days; foiled in eleven different attempts to carry it by affault; and ultimately obliged to retreat, defeated and difgraced, leaving eight of his Generals, eighty-five of his beft officers. all his heavy artillery, and one balf of his army behind him. Pofterity will not forget, in adverting to this memorable event, the complicated difficulties which the befieged had to encounter; nor will they cease to remember that the vanquished General was BUONAPARTE, the victor SIR SIDNEY SMITH, But the fuperiority of the Briton over the Gaul was ftill more fully difpla ed, in conduct than in courage; the true magnanimity evinced by the former, his temperate replies to the audacious calumnies and atrocious falfehoods of his adverfary, and the moderation and humanity which characterize his difpatches, and which invariably marked his behaviour to thofe

whom

whom the fortune of war fubjected to his power, give additional luftre to the brilliant victory, which his valour, his energy, and his fpirit fo effentially contributed to fecure, while they reflect honour on the country that gave him birth.* BUONAPARTE alfo betrayed bis true character; haughty, infolent, rapacious, and cruel in profperity; abufive, vulgar, malignant, and falfe, in adverfity; he unites, with the courage of a partifan, the fentiments of a pirate. In thort, he has convinced every man who is open to conviction, that he poffeffes every quality of a little, and no one quality of a great, mind. His fcandalous rapacity in Italy, his wanton cruelty in Egypt, when he maffacred the innocent inhabitants of Alexandria, in cold blood, without diftinction of age or fex, his accumulated crimes of every denomination, all give the fanction of humanity to the with that his head may speedily decorate the walls of the Seraglio, in the capital of that empire, which he had refolved to defolate, without pity as without provocation. His defeat at Acra, which has effectually stopped his deftructive career, will be confidered as important indeed, when it is known, that his arts of intrigue had fo far fucceeded, (contrary to our expectations,) as to prevail on the numerous tribe of the Drufes to join his standard with fixty-thoufand men, immediately after the reduction of that town. Had this junction been effected, it was intended to proceed to Conftantinople, (and what, then, could have impeded his progrefs?) and, after plundering the city, to lay it in athes! It is fcarcely poilible to calculate the dreadful confequences of fuch an event on the political ftate of Europe. If fervices are to be estimated in proportion to their effects, we know of none during the prefent war, fertile as it has been in brilliant atchievements, that deferves a higher reward, than the defeat of Buonaparte at Acra! With his popularity this vain-boafter has loft his newly-acquired partizans, and nothing now awaits him in Egypt, but difappointment, mifery, and difgrace.

While the French Directory thus fee all their hopes of foreign conqueft fruftrated, and all the poils of fucceffive campaigns wrefted from them, in the fhort space of three months, they are

But while we pay a tribute of juftice to the merits of a gallant countryman, we must not omit to notice the "high deferts" of the brave, the loyal, the virtu ous PHILIPPEAUX, his gallant comrade, the partner of his toils, and the partaker of his glory. To the efforts of this worthy nobleman, made at the imminent hazard of his own life, was SIR SIDNEY SMITH chiefly indebted for his escape from his prifon, at Paris ;-thefe two officers, equal in courage, and in the more noble endowments of the human mind, left France together; and repaired together to Conftantinople, and from thence to Palestine. Color A PHILIPEAUX's kill, as an engineer, was moft fuccefsfully difplayed, in the defence of Acra ; and indeed his exertions on that memorable occation to far furpafted h's ftrength that he actually. perifhed through fatigue. His lofs was deeply deplored by his friend, SIR SIDNEY SMITH, and by every Englishman engaged in the expedition, who had borne teftimony to the ardour of his zeal, and the extent and importance of his fervices. He died in the beft of caufes, combating the enemies of his king, his country, and his God;-and his memory will be revered by all who know how to appre

ciate honour and virtue.

not

not lefs alarmed by the fituation of affairs at home. Torn by contending factions, the various ramifications of Jacobinifm, all agreeing in principle, and differing only in means, Paris, the center of regicide and rebellion, trembles in the expectation of new commotions and fresh maffacres. The four Ex-Directors have been formally accufed of the moft ferious crimes, of which they are ce. tainly guilty; but it is alfo certain that their accufers thenfelves are equally guilty of the fame crimes. The charges, however, if they anfwer no other purpose, will ferve as an official confellion, on the part of the French Legislature, that their fyftem of internal government, however free in theory, has been moft tyrannical and oppreflive in practice; and that in their conduct to foreign powers, they have not only violated the most folemn treaties, but every principle of public law and public juftice! Difcontents prevail, as may naturally be fuppofed, in every part of the Republic; and a difpofition to rife has evinced itfelf in different places. At Rouen, the capital of Normandy, a fingular event recently occurred. A large bill was ftuck up, during the night, in a conspicuous part of the city, bearing this infeription:-A bas la Republique !--Vive le Roi de France, Louis XVIII! molbeur à celui qui ofera arracher cet affiche!uch a bill, of c. urfe, attached immediate notice; the municipal officers were fummoned; but, either pleafed with the fentiments, or alarmed by the threat, each of them refute to remove it. At length, however, a man, who had been fent from Paris, to haften and fuperintend the march of the conferipts, arrived, and, reproaching te citizens with their cowardice, pulled down the offenfive paper. The next morning this republican bero was found dead in his room, literally covered with wounds. In the night another bill was placed, exhibiting the fame words, and repeating the fame threat. The refult is not known, as the perfon from whom this intelligence was received, immediately left the place. All these circumftances, connected with the fucceffes of the allies, may fairly be confidered as favourable symptoms for the caufe of royalty. But the prefence of a powerful foreign army, on the French territory, is indifpenfibly neceflary to the formation of a juft opinion of the real difpofition of the people at large. We have, ourfelves, no more doubt that royalty will be ultimately reftored, then we have of the abfolute neceffity of its reftoration for the tranquillity and fafety of Europe; but we are not fo fanguine in our expectations, as to believe that the fall of this coloffal republic, all maimed and enfeebled as the is, will be the work of a fingle campaign. Whichever faction fhall prevail, at Paris, unless, indeed, the government be totally diffolved (which we have no reafon, at prefent, to expect), whatever means of refiftance remain, will be exerted, to make a laft effort; and though the augmentation of the armies will excite great murmurs, and even experience great oppofition, ftill a confiderable number of men will, in all robability, be raised, in addition to those now on fervice. So mu h, however, depends on contingencies, that it would be the height of temerity to ipeak, with confidence, on such a subject. Meanwhile

Meanwhile the vigorous measures adopted by our Government, for co-operating with our Continental Allies, are well-calculated to accelerate the period of this aweful and momentous conteft. We perfectly co-incide, with Mr. BURKE, in regarding a definfive war, as highly impolitie in itself, and dangerous in its effects: and we, therefore, faw, with infinite fatisfaction, the preparations made in this country for firengthening the general fyftem of offenfive warfare, comment upon the extent, adequacy, or destination of the force embarked, and about to embark, for the Continent, would, at this period, be not only premature, but prefumptuous. We thall have ample opportunity for fuch invefligation, when we come to confider its operations and effects.

Amidft the general profperity of public affairs, we have only one circumstance of an adverte nature to notice; that is, the fafe arrival of the French and Spanish fleets in the harbour of Breft. But here, again, prudence forbids all comment; when the time which elapfed between the departure of the French fleet and its return to port; the extent of its cruize; its movements from place to place, before and after its junction with the Spaniards, are confidered, the event muft appear fo extraordinary, as to demand the inftitution of an enquiry into the caufes which prevented the British fleet from falling in with them. We have no doubt but the refult of fuch an enquiry would be highly fatisfactory; but, under the inpreffion that it ought to be infiituted, it would be indecent in us to enlarge on the subje

We have received a variety of intelligence, of a late date, from America, fome of which, refpecting the finances of that country, is highly intere ing; but the accumulation of important matter which preffes upon us, and the length to which we have already extended our political remarks, compel us to refer e our tranfatlantic communications for our next number, or for the Appendix to the prefent volume. Suffice it, for the prefent, to fay, that the three inftalments which have been paid for the Ameri an Loans (raised at the enormous interest of Eight per Cent.) have already created fuch a fcarci y of money as to occafion the greateft inconvenience, in all commercial tranfactions; and, we have good reafon to believe, that the fubfcribers will be totally unable to pay the remaining inftalments, unless they can difpofe of their ferip in this country?---The reflections, which fuch a circumftance muft naturally fuggeft to a British mind, we leave our readers to make.

August, 21.

P. S. By accounts received from the metropolis of France, fince the above obfervations were written, it appears, that the fpirit of difcontent, in that miferable country, daily increafes. Domiciliary vifits have taken place in Paris; military law has been eftablithed in fome of the provincial towns, particularly at Bordeaux; and the Executive Directory, threatened as it is, by its enemies, has affumed an arbitrary power. In short, the parties in the prefent firuggle appear to be the Jacobins, including fome members of the Directory, a great majority of the council of elders, and a. confiderable