interest as is denoted by the given number of days; or employ the Rule of Three.

The amount is found by adding the principal and interest together.

EXAMPLES.

1. What is the interest of £423 for 1 year at 7 per cent.? 2. What is the int. of £240 6s. 6d. for 3 years at 6 per ct.? 3. What is the int. of £403 13s. for 2 years at 5 per ct.? 4. What is the int. of £640 for 1 year at 8 per et.? 5. What is the int. of £430 10s. for 2 years at 7 per ct.? 6. What is the int. of £185 1s. 3d. for 4 years at 6 per ct.?

per

ct.?

ct.?

7. What is the int. of £864 16s. for 5 years at 4 per ct.? 8. What is the int. of £763 for 4 months at 7 per ct.? 9. What is the int. of £940 4s. for 6 mo. at 6 10. What is the int. of £243 2s. for 5 mo, at 8 per 11. What is the int. of £195 16s. for 7 mo. at 6 per ct.? 12. What is the int. of £425 7s. for 9 mo. at 6 per ct. ? 13. At 7 per cent. what is the int. of £738 for 1 year and 2 months?

14. At 6 per ct. what is the int. of £894 for 1 year and 8 mo.? 15. At 7 per ct. what is the amount of £926 for 6 mo. ? 16. At 7 per ct. what is the amt. of £648 for 2 mo. 15 days? 17. At 6 per ct. what is the amt. of £1,000 for 1 mo. 11 days? 18. At 5 per ct. what is the amt. of £1,35 9s. 6d. for 3 mo. 19. At 6 per ct. what is the amt. of £872 for 4 mo.? 20. What is the int. of £681 for 10 days at 6 per ct.?

21. What is the int. of £483 48. 6d. for 15 days at 7 per ct.? 22. What is the int. of £569 9s. for 20 days at 6 per ct.? 23. What is the amt. of £95 for 1 year and 6 mo. at 5 per ct.? 24. What is the amt. of £148 for 8 mo. 12 days at 6 per ct. ? 25. What is the amt. of £700 for 30 days at 7 per ct.? 26. What is the int. of £340 for 60 days at 54 per ct.? 27. What is the int. of £4,685 for 90 days at 6 per ct.? 28. What is the amt. of £3,293 for 30 days at 7 per ct.? 29. What is the amt of £5,265 for 15 days at 6 per ct.? 30. What is the int. of £8,310 for 10 days at 7 per ct.? 31. What is the int. of £50,625 for 21 days at 7 per ct. ? 32. What is the amt. of £65,256 for 4 mo. at 7 per ct. ? 33. What is the amt. of £156 15s. for 1 year and 4 mo. at 5 per cent.?

34. What is the int. of £275 12s. 6d. for 1 year at 7 per ct.? 35. What is the int. of £89 7s. 6d. for 2 years at 5 per ct.?

36. What is the int. of £500 for 6 mo. at 5 per ct.? 37. What is the amt. of £1,825 10s. for 8 mo. at 6 per ct.? 38. What is the amt. of £2,000 for 10 years at 4 per ct.?

PROBLEMS IN INTEREST.

It will be observed that there are four parts or terms connected with each of the preceding operations, viz.: the principal, the rate per cent., the time, and the interest, or the amount. These parts or terms have such a relation to each other, that if any three of them are given, the other may be found. The questions, therefore, which may arise in interest are numerous; but they may be reduced to a few general principles or problems.

A number or quantity is said to be given, when its value is stated, or may be easily inferred from the conditions of the question under consideration. Thus, when the principal and interest are known, the amount may be said to be given, because it is merely the sum of the principal and interest. So, if the principal and the amount are known, the interest may be said to be given, because it is the difference between the amount and the principal.

PROBLEM I.

To find the INTEREST, the principal, rate per cent., and the time being given.

This problem embraces all the preceding examples pertaining to interest, and has already been illustrated.

PROBLEM II.

Analysis.-The interest of £80 at 1 per cent. for 1 year is £% or 16s.; consequently for 5 years it is 5 times as much, and 16s. X 5 £4. Now since £4 is 1 per cent. on the principal for the given time, £36 must be 3 of 1 per cent. which is equal to 9 per cent.

Or, we may reason thus: Since £4 is 1 per cent. on the principal for the given time, £36 must be as many per cent. as £4 is contained times in £36; and £36 49. Ans. 9 per cent.

Proof.-£80 X 09 £7.20, the interest of £80 for 1 year at 9 per cent., and £7.20 × 5£36.00, the interest for 5 years, which is equal to the sum paid. Hence,

To find the rate per cent. when the principal, interest and time are given.

Divide the given interest by the interest of the principal at 1 per cent. for the given time, and the quotient will be the required per cent.

Or, find the interest of the principal at 1 per cent. for the given time; then make theinterest thus found the denominator, and the given interest the numerator of a common fraction; reduce this fraction to a whole or mixed number, and the result will be the rate per cent. required.

2. If I lend £500 for 2 years, and receive £50 interest, what is the rate per cent? Ans. 5 per cent.

3. A man borrowed £620 for 8 months, and paid £24 16s. for the use of it: what per cent. interest did he pay? 4. At what per cent. interest must £2,350 be lent to gain £47 in 4 months?

5. At what per cent. interest must £1,925 be lent to gain £154 in 1 year.

6. A man has £12,000, from which he receives $900 interest annually: how much per cent. is that?

7. A man deposited £2,600 in a bank, and received £143 interest annually: how much per cent. was that?

8. A man invested £4,500 in the London and Westminster Bank, and received a half-yearly dividend of £157 10s: how much per cent. was the dividend?

9. A man paid £1,625 for a house, and let it for £97 a year: how much per cent. did it pay?

10. A house which cost £2,500, was rented for £125 a year: how much per cent. did it pay on the cost?

11. A capitalist invested £5,000 in manufacturing, and received a half-yearly dividend of £125: how much per cent. was his dividend?

PROBLEM III.

To find the PRINCIPAL, the interest, the rate per cent., and the time being given.

12. What sum must be put at interest, at 6 per cent., to gain £75 in 2 years ?

of

Analysis.-The interest of £1 for 2 years at 6 per cent. (the given time and rate) is of its principal £1; consequently, £75, the given interest, must be of the principal required. The question therefore resolves itself into this: £75 is what number of pounds? If £75 is 1, 100 is of £75, which is £6 5s.; and 188 £6 5s. × 100, which is £625, the principal required.

Or, we may reason thus: Since is the interest of I pound for the given time and rate, 75 pounds must be the interest of as many pounds for the same time and rate, as the times that is contained in 75 pounds. And £75* = 625. Ans. £625.

PROOF.-£625 X 06 £37-50, the interest for 1 year at the given rate per cent., and £37·50 × 2= £75, the given interest. Hence, To find the principal, when the interest, rate per cent., and time are given.

Divide the given interest by the interest of £1 for the given time and rate, expressed in decimals; and the quotient will be the principal required.

Or, make the interest of £1 for the given time and rate the

Ex. 1.-A man borrowed £80 for 5 years, and paid £36 for the use of it: what was the rate per cent.?

divide the given interest by this fraction, and the quotient will be the principal required.

13. What sum must be put out at 7 per cent. interest, to gain £63 in 6 months?

You will easily recognise the fact that ὧδε, ήδε, τοδε is nothing more than the article with de appended. It is not so obvious, but nevertheless it is equally true, that ouros, aurn, TOUTO is only the article with its stem strengthened.

The two demonstratives ode and ouros, of the same origin, resemble each other in signification. A slight difference may be discovered in them, namely, that όδε relates rather to outward and local objects, οὗτος embraces also the inner relations or states of mind; the former, therefore, excludes and the latter includes the individual peculiarities of an object. Opposed to both is exeivos, in so far as it indicates an object which stands at a distance from the speaker. On these general facts are founded the following distinctive remarks relatively to the use of these pronouns.

'Ode and ouros differ from each other thus, that ode alludes to an object not observed in its condition and consequently not so mentioned; while ourog refers not merely to an object itself, but also to its character; thus, nde n woλig is this city, the city which we see, the city in which we live, without any reference to its circumstances; on the contrary, aurη ǹ woλis is this city, considered relatively to its character, the (a) city of this kind. So Taura is used of that which has been already spoken of; rade of that of which you have to speak; e.g.

Ταῦτα μεν συ λεγεις, παρ ἡμῶν δ' απαγγελλε ταδε You report these things; bear back from us this answer. Taur' težav, these things they said, that is, the things reported, is used at the end of a discourse or narrative, as the announcement of some utterance now known; but λežav Tade, they said these things, that is, those things are to follow, the nature of which is as yet unknown.

If the demonstrative refers to a relative or appositive proposition which contains a description of the nature of the subject, then commonly οὗτος is employed. Rarely is ὁδε used

in such a connexion.

Οὗτος and εκεῖνος differ in this, that the former refers to the nearer, the latter to the remoter object. But this application is sometimes inverted. It is inverted when the remote object is pointed out as specially worthy of attention, and the nearer as holding an inferior position.

Ούτος is used emphatically in order to indicate an object as universally known; EKEīvos, in order to point out an object as prominent and distinguished of its kind.

Both pronouns are united in the form Tour' EKεivo, when reference is made to a generally known object as such, and as previously mentioned.

The Greeks, especially the poets, employed the demonstrative to indicate emphatically proximity and remoteness in space, sometimes affixing the particle ot, as in our vulgarism, this here, that there. They also used them in conjunction with other pronouns, e.g.-nμɛis oide, we here; kεivoç oyε, he there; o ou Xeyεç Touro, what you say.

The demonstratives are omitted, first, when they stand with a relative clause, as a periphrasis for a substantive, e.g. aλņēñ å av λeyes; and secondly, in these phrases-TEμnpiov de, this is the proof; onμslov de, this is the token; atriov de, the ground is this; kepaλatov de, the chief point is, etc.; and the like.

The weakest form of the demonstrative pronoun, namely, o,, ro, is in good prose used only as an article. The office of the article is to individualise the idea conveyed in the noun, that is, to set it forth as a distinct object clearly present to the thought of the speaker and hearer. In general the use of the article on the part of the Greeks is the same as the use of it in English. There are, however, some deviations.

Κῦρος, ὁ των Περσών βασιλευς, απέθανεν

Cyrus, the king of the Persians, died

The article is put also before substantives which have a pronominal attribute; as a demonstrative pronoun, or the determinative avroc, self. The place of the article is either between the pronoun and the noun, as avrη oikia, this house, or before the noun and the pronoun, as oikia avrη; 80 ỏồɛ ò λογος, and ὁ λόγος όδε ; εκείνο το χωριον and το χωριον εκεῖνο ; αυτος ὁ πατηρ and ὁ πατηρ αυτός.

The article is not employed when the demonstrative indicates the local relation of the noun to the speaker or the hearer. The article is unnecessary with auros when the substantive is a proper name, as aurov Mevwva.

The article does not accompany substantives which have a possessive pronoun, when an object is represented only as a part or member of a species of property, but the article is used if the possession is set forth either as an individual or an exclusive thing.

The possessive pronoun in this case takes the position of an adjective; e.g.-euoc vios, a son of mine; o euos vios, my son, either a definite and marked son, or an only son; aypot σol, the lands that belong to thee; oi oo ayoor or oi aypoi oi σol, thy lands, either all thy lands, or an already known part.

The article is used with nouns which signify a number, whether of special or general import, when reference is made to a number of objects, either previously mentioned or commonly known, or a number of objects in contrast with the remainder, or a number given as comprising a totality, no one being excluded, equivalent to our in all; and consequently the article is employed with numerals without nouns, when the idea of number appears as containing in itself a complete whole, considered in its arithmetical value. Special numerical determinations appear in the place of ordinary adjectives; general ones in the place of the demonstrative pronouns. Ka kaotηy τηv пμɛpav is every day without exception; less emphatic is καθ' έκαστην ἡμεραν; παντες οἱ ἄνθρωποι, all the mentioned men; oi Tavreg av@pwrot, all men, ali men without exception, more expressive than παντες ανθρωποι.

To the numerals of general import may be added oλug and aλlog. With rolus the article is employed when a greater portion is set in contrast with a smaller portion. In such cases we in English use the superlative; e.g.- Toλus Moyos, most of the speech ; το πολυ του στρατεύματος, the main body of the army; ra Tolλa, for the most part; oi nolo, the most, the bulk, the common people. AXXog takes the article when the whole of the part of an object is exhibited in opposition to one mentioned part, or more, of the same object; e.g.-oi aλλor ar0pwmot, the other men, the rest. When in English we use another or the other to signify that the subject and the object are of the same kind, the Greeks repeat the noun; e.g.

χειρ χειρα νίζει

hand washes hand (that is) one hand washes another.

The article is employed in sums total; e.g.

ην, ότε ετελευτησεν, αμφι τα έξηκοντα ετη when he died he was about sixty years of age.

This is a usage with which we have nothing in common. It has been said that the article is here employed to point out the grammatical form of the numerals, which are without a grammatical form, being indeclinable.

which is suitable, correspondent, or requisite; as, το μέρος των ψήφων, the required number of votes.

By receiving the article the infinitive acquires the form of a noun, yet may it retain its verbal force. Thus, it takes an adverb as a qualifer, as, το καλώς αποθανεῖν, to die honourably, that is, an honourable death; it may have its object, as, το τους νικήσαντας αμελειν, to neglect those who have gained a victory, that is, disregard to conquerors; it may also have a subject, as, το φθονεῖν τοις ευτυχοῦσι τους ατυχουντας, for the unfortunate to envy the fortunate. This infinitive itself, like nouns in general, may be the subject or the object of a proposition, or it may be the object after a preposition, all the while retaining its verbal force. Instances are found in the exercise, and these should be studied with special care mas under this head stand many important Greek idioms. The infinitive in Greek corresponds with the gerund in Latin; e.g.

Greek.

ένεκα του λεγειν εν τῳ λεγειν

Latin.

dicendi

dicendo dicendum

English.

of saying by saying προς το λεγειν to saying, or to say. Adverbs of place and time by taking the article acquire the import of substantives; as, το ανω, the upper region; το ματαξύ, the interval; το περαν, the other side of the river); το εντος, the interior ; το νῦν, the present time; το επειτα, the future ; το πριν, the past. Also adverbs of quality having the article take the form of nouns, το σφοδρα, intensity; το λιαν, excess ; το λαθρα, secrecy. Adverbs in combination with the article stand for adjectives; as, οἱ τοτε ανθρωποι, literally, the then men, the men of that time; αἱ ένθαδε γυναικες, the there women, the women who are there.

The article with a genitive stands substantively, and in English requires a noun to be supplied; e.g.-τα των Αθη ναιων, the (affairs) of the Athenians ; οἱ εν τη πολει, the (men) in the city. In a similar manner it is taken with prepositions; as, τα μετα ταῦτα, what followed; ή καθ ̓ ἡμεραν τροφη, our daily food ; ή ξυγκομιδη εκ των αγρων εις το αστυ, the supply from the country to the city.

Adjectives and participles, as well as adverbs, become nouns under the influence of the article ; as, οἱ πλουσιοι, the rich ; ὁ λεγων, the speaker ; ὁ πελας, the neighbour. Sometimes the participle with the article is rendered by several words; as, οἱ παροντες, those who are present; ὁ βουλομενος, any one that pleases.

The article in the neuter gender prefixed to a noun, or to a phrase, denotes a quotation; as, το ανηρ, the word ανηρ; το γνῶθι σεαυτον, the command "know thyself.”

The article, inasmuch as it individualises, may hold the place of a possessive pronoun. In general the possessive pronouns are little used in Greek, being rendered unnecessary by the article, or being replaced by the genitive of the personal or the reflective pronoun; e.g.

ὁ σος δουλος better σου ὁ δουλος or ὁ δουλος σου thy slave of thee the slave the slave of thee. When an attribute is added to a noun accompanied by the article, the position of the words may be threefold; e.g.

ὁ δῆμος ὁ των Αθηναίων των Αθηναίων ὁ δημος ὁ δημος των Αθηναίων.

These arrangements vary only in emphasis. The article is wanting in Greek with abstract apellatives when they denote the general idea; thus,

πλουτος κακιας ύπηρετης εστιν riches is a servant of wickedness.

The use or the non-use of the article with nouns of general import depends very much on the conception in the mind at the time. If I say, ανθρωπος εστι θνητος, man is mortal, I make the most general statement I can make-man, the race so called, considered as the race, is mortal. But I may also say, ὁ άνθρωπος εστι θνητος, the man is mortal, that is, a particular man considered as the representative of the race. Το φιλοσοφία is philosophy in general, but ή φιλοσοφία is philosophy as a special branch of knowledge.

The omission of the article sometimes gives the force of our indefinite an or a; that is, one of the race so called, or the race itself, ανθρωπος. If indefiniteness is to be given, you add the enclitic τις to the noun; e.g.

γυνη τις ορνιν εἶχεν

a certain woman had a hen.

A noun taken with was and without the article, is used distributively, as πᾶς ανθρωπος, every man, πάντες άνθρωποι, all men, considered individually. If you add the article, you give a collective force, as παντες οἱ ανθρωποι, all the mera (in the world), men collectively 5ο ή πασα γῆ, the whole land. An important difference is made by the different position of the article with αυτος ; ε.g,

αυτός ο πατηρ οἱ ὁ πατηρ αυτός
the father himself.

ὁ αυτος πατηρ οἱ ὁ πατηρ ό αυτός
the same father.

EXERCISES.-GREEK-ENGLISH.

Όταν τουτο λεγωμεν, τοὺς λεγομεν. Ον αν ἡγησωνται φροντ μωτερον ἑαυτῶν εἶναι, τουτῳ οι ανθρωποι ὑπερηδεως πείθονται. Μονῳ ιατρῳ τούτο και συνηγορῳ εξεστιν, αποκτείνειν μεν, αποθνησκειν δε μη. Οὗτος αν ειη σωφρονέστατος, όστις κοσμιωτατα τας συμφορας φέρειν δύναται. Οστις δε τους τεκοντας εν βιῳ σεβει, όδ' εστι και ζῶν και θανῶν θεοις φιλος. Δεῖ το βελτιστο αει, μη το ῥᾷστον άπαντας λεγειν επ' εκείνο (το ῥᾷστον) μεν γαρ ή φύσις αυτη βαδιεῖται, επι τουτο (το βελτιστον) δε τῷ λόγῳ αει δεῖ παραγέσθαι διδάσκοντα τον αγαθον πολίτην. Αριστοκρατ τους εστιν εν Πυθοῖ τούτο το καλον αναθημα. Πολλοι παρα τους Αθηναίοις γεγονασι ρήτορες ενδοξοι και μεγάλοι προ τοῦ Δημοσθενους, Καλλιστρατος εκείνος, Αριστοφών, Κεφαλος, Θρασυ βουλος, ταῦτ ̓ εκεινα τα ειωθοτα. Παρεισι Κριτών ούτοσι, Κριτοβουλου τοῦδε πατήρ, Αισχίνου τούτου πατήρ. Ούτοσι ανηρ ου παύσεται φλυαρών. Νέες εκειναι επιπλεουσιν. Τί οὖν δε τουτο λέγεις ; 'Εωσπερ αν ψ ός ειμι. Εισιν οἱ οιονται. Κύρος επι του αδελφον Αρταξέρξην εστρατεύετο. Θηβαι αἱ εν βοιωτια ετμήθη ύπο του Αλεξανδρου. Λακεδαιμόνιοι της Πελοποννησου των πεντε τας δυο μοίρας νέμονται. Η ταξις έκαστη εφ' ένος ιτω. Τα δώδεκα εστι δις ἐξ. Αμφότερα τα ώτα απέτεμεν. Αδελφος πλευσαντες ναυσιν έξηκοντα επι Σαμου ταῖς μὲν ἑκκαίδεκα τῶν αθελόῳ φθονει. Νηές πλείους τῶν ἑκατον επλευσαν. Αθηναῖοι

νεῶν οὐκ εχρησαντο. Τας τιμωρίας ὁ Σολων τοῖς μεν ιδιωταις εποίησε βραδείας, ταις δε αρχαῖς καὶ τοῖς δημαγωγοις ταχειας. Απέτισε τας πεντακοσίας δραχμας. Ὁ Κῦρος ὑπισχνεῖται δωσειν τρια ημιδαρεικα του μηνος τῳ στρατιωτη. Χρη το αυτο φθέγγεσθαι τον ρήτορα και τον νόμον. Τοιοῦτος γιγνου περί τους γονεῖς οίους αν εύξαιο περί σεαυτόν γενεσθαι τους σεαυτοῦ παῖδας. Τους υίεις οἱ πατέρες είργουσιν απο τῶν πονηρῶν ανθρώπων. Το εν

πράττειν παρα την αξίαν αφορμη του κακῶς φρονειν τοις ανοητοις γιγνεται. Το τους νικήσαντας αμελεῖν μεγα ἁμαρτημα. Οἱ πολλοὶ ὡρμηκοτες επι το σκοπεῖν τα τῶν αλλων πραγματα ου τρεπονται επι το ἑαυτους εξετάζειν. Το φθονειν τοῖς ευτυχοῦσι τους ατυχούντας ουδεν θαυμαστον. Αγησιλαος ουχ' ούτως επι τῷ αλλων βασιλευειν ώς επι τῳ ἑαυτοῦ αρχειν εμεγαλύνετο. Ὁ λυχνος δια το λαμπραν φλογα εχειν φῶς παρέχει. Καιρος εστι του λεγεν. Προς το μετριων δεῖσθαι πεπαιδευμενος εἰμι. Το φιλεῖν ακαίρως ισον εστι τῳ μισεῖν. Ὁ Ζευς την Αθηνᾶν εφυσεν εκ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ κεφαλῆς. Την εμην τυχην εξεταζων προς την σεαυτοῦ σκόπει, και εύρήσεις την εμην βελτιω τῆς σῆς. Οἱ Αθηναῖοι επεδειξαν και εν ταις δυστυχίαις την έαυτων αρετην. Μετεπεμψατο Αστυάγης την ἑαυτοῦ θυγατέρα και τον παῖδα αὐτῆς. Κῦρος ἡσθη τον εκ των Ελληνων εις τους βαρβαρους ψοφον όρων. Καλη και μεγαλη εστιν ἡ πολις ἡν πολιορκοῦμεν. Εκαστος τῶν δημιουργῶν την τεχνην καλῶς εξειργάζετο. Εμαχεσαντο οἱ μετα Περικλεους ὁπλῖται χιλιοι. Οἱ των βασιλεων οινοχόοι διδοᾶσι τοις τρισι δακτυλοις οχοῦντες την φιάλην. Οἱ στρατιώται παντες (οι παντες οἱ σρατιωτοι), καλῶς εμαχέσαντο. Οἱ στρατιωται εἱλον το στρατοπεδον ἅπαν (or ἅπαν το στρατοπεδον), Ποιειτω τοῦτο ὁ βουλομενος. Μη ζητεῖτε τον ταῦτα λέξοντα. Η ανδρεια καλη εστιν. Το γαλα εστιν ήδυ. Ὁ πλεῖστα ωφελων το κοινον μεγιστων τιμῶν αξιοῦται. Κακα και αισχρα επραξεν. Τα κακα και τα αισχρα επραξεν. Ο μόνος παῖς παίζει. Μονος ὁ παῖς παίζει. Οἱ πολέμιοι απέκτειναν τους παντας πολιτας. Τί διαφέρει ανθρωπος ακρατης θηριου του ακρατεστα του; Πᾶσαν ὑμιν την αληθειαν ερῶ. Τον αριθμον παντα διχα διελάβομεν. Δαρεῖος εβασίλευσε τα παντα ἑξ και τριακοντα ετη. Ενίκησαν Θηβαῖοι Λακεδαιμονίους.

ENGLISH-GREEK.

The Thebans were conquered by the Lacedemonians. We came to the end of the mountain. We came to the farthest mountain. They dwell in the upper city. They cultivate the All country beyond the river. Every woman is mortal. That woman women are mortal. The same woman dies. speaks. The woman herself speaks. He obeys the law. He obeys a law. He obeys the same law. He obeys the law itself. To obey the law is good. The wise say, that for men to obey the laws is good. In obeying the laws of God, men become happy. Every man becomes wise in obeying the laws of God. All the citizens march to battle. The battle is deadly. Hasten, O young men, to the battle. My father died being sixty years old. The soldiers in all are forty thousand. This man is wise, that man foolish. Those who speak, will have great power. He who obeys the laws, is loved by God. Mothers love their children. Children are loved by their mothers. Those brave warriors will be accounted worthy of great honours.

LESSONS

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VOCABULARY.

Año, year.
Harina, flour.
Yelo, ice.
Religion, religion.
Gratitud, gratitude.
Hermosura, beauty.
Juicio, judgment.
História, history.

66 some

Maestra, mistress, instructress.

Justicia, justice.

Riqueza, wealth, riches.

U'til, useful.

Leche (fem.), milk.

Caro, dear.

Frio, cold.

Blanco, white.
Dulce, sweet.

Necesário, necessary.
Ella teme, she fears.
El depende, he depends.

SENTENCES.

SPANISH-ENGLISH.

El tiempo es mas precioso que el oro. La caridad es paciente. La beneficéncia nos hace amables. La vida no es El tiempo es precioso. La ignoráncia es madre un sueno. del error. El agua es tan buena como el vino. La sabiduría es mas preciosa que todas las riquezas. La prudéncia es mas preciosa que la plata. Mejor es la sabiduría que la hermosura. El hombre teme la muerte. El hombre no teme la vida. La virtud es amable. El vício es odioso. Los hombres son mortales. El oro es precioso. La prudéncia es útil. Ella tiene prudéncia. Juan tiene oro. El dinero es útil. Pedro tiene dinero. Los libros son útiles. María no halló libros. Este Los vinos serán buenos este año. año la harina es muy cara.

El vino es muy caro este año. La manteca es muy cara. La cerveza es buena. El yelo es frío. La muerte es terrible. La leche es blanca. El azúcar es dulce. La gratitud es el alma de la religion. Juan prefiere el vício à la virtud. María no prefiere el error á la verdad. Pedro prefiere las riquezas la sabiduría. El médico prefiere la cerveza al vino. La prudéncia y el juicio son necesarios á todo hombre. La história es maestra de la vida. La paz de la sociedad depende de (on) la justícia. La plata es preciosa. Los tenedores son útiles. Este año la harina no es cara. La religion es amable. El oro es mas precioso que la plata. Mejor es la prudéncia que el dinero.

ENGLISH-SPANISH.

Time is precious. Prudence is useful. Vice is odious. Money is useful. Ice is cold. Sugar is sweet. Religion is

The learner must not in the cases translate the article in English; thus, he must not render el tiemp❝the time," but "time." So, el yela es frío, "ices cold," and not the ice is cold; " la vida no es un sueno, "Life is not a dream" and 0 0.