In mentioning the days of the month, the Spanish use the cardinal adjectives and not the ordinal, as in English, except in the first day, in which primero and not un is used; thus, El primero de Enero, the first | El tres de Marzo, the three of January. (third) of March.

The pronoun se, oneself, is sometimes used with a reflective or reciprocal verb, and then it is to be rendered in English by himself, herself, itself, themselves, or one another, as the sense may require; as,

Ellas se aman, they love themselves (or, they love one another). The first objective case of all the personal pronouns is also employed with reflective or reciprocal verbs; as, Nosotros nos aman, we love Yo no quero alabarme, I wish ourselves (or, each other). not to-praise myself. Yo me alabo, I praise myself.

(second) of February.

In dates where figures are used, the article is omitted, and except the first day of a month, the cardinal numbers are used; as,

Madrid, 1o de Junio de 1845, Paris, 4 de Julio de 1846, Paris, Madrid, June 1st, 1845. July 4th, 1846. Londres, 27 de Agosto de 1847, London, August 27th, 1847. The hour of the day is expressed by the ordinal numbers preceded by the definite article, which must in such a case agree with horas, hours, understood (unless the hour be one, when it agrees with the singular, hora); thus,

¿Que hora es? what o'clock is | Son las tres ménos diez minutos, it is ten minutes before three.

it?

Es la una, it is one o'clock. Son las dos, it is two o'clock. Son las diez, it is ten.

Son las ocho y veinte minutos, it is twenty minutes after eight. Literally, the above expressions mean, "What hour is it?" "It is the one"-"they are the two"-"they are the ten" "they are the three less ten minutes". -"they are the eight and twenty minutes."

In speaking of the age of persons or things, the verb tener is employed in Spanish; as,

Carlos tiene doce años, Charles | El Señor Tournay no tiene cinis twelve years old. cuenta años, Mr. Tournay is not fifty years of age. Literally, "Charles has twelve years," and "Mr. Tournay has not fifty years."

In Spanish it is not said, in expressing measurement, twenty feet high, or ten feet long; but twenty feet of high, or of height, ten feet of long, or of length; as, La casa tenia sesenta codos de

largo, y veinte codos de ancho, y treinta codos de altura, the house was

(had) sixty cubits long, and twenty cubits wide, and thirty cubits in height.

The personal pronouns of the nominative case, when used, may come either before or after the verb, except the latter be in the imperative mood, or the sentence be interrogative, in which cases the nominative generally follows the verb; as, viva ella, may she live; ha hablado él? has he spoken ?

As the verb-ending generally indicates of itself the person and number that its nominative must be, the nominative personal pronouns are seldom expressed in Spanish, unless when necessary to distinguish the persons or genders, or to be emphatic, or when a relative pronoun is to follow; as,

Strictly speaking, se cannot be used in the nominative case, and should therefore always be considered as governed by a verb. Thus, in such sentences as se dice, se cree, se piensa, the literal rendering is, it-says itself, it-believes itself, it-thinks itself, or, it is said, it is believed, it is thought. Still, in translating, it is often more convenient to imagine se as an indefinite pronoun of the nominative case, used in the sense of they; as, se dice, they say, that is, people say; se piensa, they think.

Se and other pronouns of the first objective case are often used in Spanish with neuter and active-intransitive verbs reflectively, and in such cases seem redundant in English; as,. De allí se pasó á la cuidad, Yo me arrepiento, I repent thence he-passed (him- (myself). self) to the city. Se arrepiente, he repents (himself).

Se is sometimes used in the sense of to-him, to-her, to-them, to-you (i.e. to your worship). This use of se takes place only when another personal pronoun of the objective case and of the third person immediately follows it; as,

Tengo uda cuchara; se la daré, I-have a spoon; I-will-give it to-him.

When, in cases coming under the above rule, the pronoun se does not denote with clearness the number or gender of the noun for which it is employed, the second objective is also used; as,

Se lo daré á ella, á ellos, á vmd., | Se la mandó dar á ellos, heI-will-give it to-her, to- commanded it to-be-given to-them.

them, to-you.

The first objective case of the Spanish personal pronouns is very often to be rendered in English by the preposition "to" and the pronoun; as, to-me, to-you, to-him, to-her, to-them, etc., and it is then equivalent to the second objective, a mí, a' vosotros, a' él, a ella, a' ellos, etc.; and in some cases some other preposition than "to" is used in rendering the first objective into English; as,

Juan me dijo, John said to-me. Te lo pido, I-ask it of-thee (or, from-thee).

Se lo agradezco, I-thank him for-it.

Nos lo suplica, he-beseeches us for-it.

The second objective with the preposition a' is not used, except when the same verb governs two or more pronouns in the objective case, or when it is designed to be distinct or particularly emphatic; as, Juan dió dinero a' él, a' ella, y

a' ti, John gave money to him, to her, and to thee. Juan viva, dijeron ellos a ella,

John lives, said they to her.

We cannot say le la daré, I-will-give it to-him, but se la daré.

To add more clearness or strength to a sentence, both objective cases of pronouns are often employed; the second objective case then being placed either before the first objective or else after the verb, except the first objective comes after the verb (as in the case of infinitives, gerunds, and imperatives), when the second objective must come after the first; as,

A mi me dijeron or me dijeron á | Diciendole á ella, telling her. mi, they told me. Díme á mí, tell me.

Decirme a mi, to-tell me.

When the sentence may contain a noun in the objective case governed by the preposition á, a pronoun of the second objective case is often used in Spanish, and is not to be translated in English; as,

A Dios nádie le vió jamas, God no-man saw (him) ever; e. no-one ever saw God.

Mismo, meaning same or self, is often used with the nominative personal pronouns; thus, yo mismo, I myself; nosotros mismos, we ourselves, etc.; and also with the second objective; and must always agree in gender and number with the noun to which the pronoun refers; as,

¿Qué dices de ti mismo? what | La muger hablard por s misma, sayest-thou of thyself? the woman will speak for herself.

Mismo is often used with nouns also; as la misma María, Mary herself; los mismos soldados, the very soldiers, or, the soldiers themselves.

When by the pronoun it is meant anything to which we cannot apply a gender, ello is used. Its first objective lo is employed by the same rule; thus if it be said, "he has been told to love his enemies, and he does it," the pronoun it refers to the clause of the sentence, "to love his enemies," and of course has no gender. In such a case, lo (not le nor la) would be used.

Lo is used in Spanish for so in English, when the latter means it; as,

THE PECULIAR USE OF OTHER PRONOUNS.

The demonstrative pronouns este and aquel are often used without any noun, and in such a case they have the sense of this-one, and that-one, or the-one; as,

Tú y ella estais buenas, thou and she (i.e. you) are well. When a relative pronoun is the subject of the verb, the latter must agree, in person and number, with the noun or pronoun to which the relative relates; as,

Yo soy que hablo contigo, it is I Vosotros que sois sa'bios, ye who speak with-thee. who are wise.

A collective noun, taken in a general sense, that is, a noun representing the whole of the persons or things mentioned, requires the verb to be of the singular number; as,

El ejército de los Caldéos persiguió al rey, the army of the Chaldeans pursued the king.

said; or, this is he of whom I said.

Todo aquel que is used in the sense of-every one who; as, Todo aquel que bebe de esta a'gua, every one who drinks of this

water.

noun, and conveying plurality of idea, requires the verb to be in the plural; as,

Parte creían lo que les decía, y parte no lo creían, part believed what he told them, and part believed it not.

This last rule is not always followed even by the best Spanish authors.

In cases in which a verb appears to have two subjects, it must agree with that noun to which it seems more particularly to belong; as,

Los gages del pecado son muerte, the wages of sin are (is) death.

This is different, as will be perceived, from the rule in English syntax, which requires two singular nouns connected by a disjunctive conjunction, to have the verb agree with them in the singular form.

ELIJAH'S INTERVIEW.

On Horeb's rock the prophet stood,The Lord before him passed;

A hurricane in angry mood

Swept by him strong and fast! The forest fell before its force,

The rocks were shivered in its course :
God was not in the blast;
"Twas but the whirlwind of his breath,
Announcing danger, wreck, and death."
It ceased. The air grew mute,—a cloud
Came muffling up the sun,

When through the mountain, deep and loud,
An earthquake thundered on;

The frighted eagle sprang in air,

The wolf ran howling from his lair;
God was not in the storm:

"Twas but the rolling of his car,
The trampling of his steeds from far.

'Twas still again,—and nature stood
And calmed her ruffled frame;
When swift from heaven a fiery flood
To earth devouring came;
Down to the depth the ocean fled,-
The sickening sun looked wan and dead;
Yet God filled not the flame :
"Twas but the terror of his eye,

That lightened through the troubled sky.

At last a voice so still and small,
Rose sweetly on the ear;

Yet rose so shrill and clear, that all
In heaven and earth might hear;
It spoke of peace it spoke of love,
It spoke as angels speak above;
And God himself was there :
For oh! it was a father's voice,
That bade the trembling heart rejoice.

AFTER THE BATTLE.

Thomas Campbell.

NIGHT closed around the conqueror's way,
And lightnings show'd the distant hill,
Where those who lost that dreadful day
Stood, few and faint, but fearless still!
The soldier's hope, the patron's zeal,
For ever dimm'd, for ever cross'd-
Oh! who shall say what heroes feel,
When all but life and honour's lost!

The last sad hour of freedom's dream,

And valour's task, moved slowly by, While mute they watch'd, till morning's beam Should rise and give them light to die!

There is a world where souls are free,

Where tyrants taint not nature's bliss;

If death that world's bright opening be,

Oh! who would live a slave in this ?-Moore.

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