a, b, females with egg-masses in late spring on maple leaf and stem of Maclura (natural size).-(After Riley.)

The Sixteen-legged Maple Borer usually follows the work of the flat-headed borer, burrowing under the bark; it sometimes girdles

FIG. 47.-c, Egeria acerni; a, caterpillar; b, cocoon; d, pupa cases.-(After Riley.)

and kills the tree. It is treated in Bulletin No. 7 of the U. S. Entomological Commission, by Dr. Packard. ("Insects Injurious to Forest and Shade-Trees," p. 106, fig. 47.)

REMEDIES.-Lye and soap washes in proper strength will keep the bark clean and smooth, and thus tend to prevent injuries. Whitewash has been recommended as a preventive.

FIG. 48.-The rosy forest caterpillar; b, pupa; c, female.-(After Riley.)

The Green-striped Maple-worm is sometimes very abundant and injurious to the foliage of the Maple, chiefly of the Soft Maple. It is treated in Bulletin No. 7 of the U. S. Entomological Commission. ("Insects Injurious to Forest and Shade-Trees," p. 109, fig. 48.)

REMEDIES as for other leaf-eating insects.

THE GRAPE-VINE FLEA-BEETLE.

(Graptodera [Haltica] chalybea, Illiger.)

The Grape-vine Flea-beetle is a small steel-blue jumping beetle, which in early spring eats into the bud and later gnaws holes in the leaves. The brown larvæ eat irregular holes in the leaves.

It is fully treated in the Report of the Entomologist. (Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture for the year 1879, p. 213, Plate III., figs. 1 and 2.)

REMEDIES.-Arsenical-suspension liquids may be safely used where fruit will not be affected. Or the beetles, soon as they make their appearance, may be jarred off and caught in some convenient receptacle and destroyed.

THE SNOWY TREE-CRICKET.

(Ecanthus nivens, Serville.)

FIG. 21.-Female tree-cricket (natural size).-(After Harris.)

FIG. 20.-Male tree-cricket.-(After Harris.)

The Snowy Tree-Cricket is not by any means confined to the grape-vine, but does also great injury to the blackberry, raspberry, &c. The slender, pale-green cricket, with white wings and a large ovipositor, inserts her eggs in the stems of various cultivated plants.

REMEDIES.-Cut and burn affected canes, thus killing the injured parts. It is described and figured in Bulletin No. 7 of the U. S. Entomological Commission. ("Insects Injurious to Forest and Shade-Trees," p. 60, figs. 20 and 21.)

NOXIOUS INSECTS AFFECTING WHEAT.

THE HESSIAN FLY.

(Cecidomyia destructor, Say.)

The natural history of this noxious insect is given in the Third Report of the U. S. Entomological Commission, 1880-1882, pp. 198-248, Plates IV. and V.

REMEDIES.-Undoubtedly burning the stubble is one of the best remedies, also sowing early strips and then plowing under after the fly has settled in it.

(For description of a new fly affecting wheat, see p. 164, Report.)

A healthy stalk of wheat on the left, the one on the right dwarfed and the lower leaves beginning to wither and turn yellow; the stem swollen at three places, near the ground, where the flaxseeds (h) are situated, between the stem and sheathing base of the leaf.

a, egg of the Hessian fly (greatly enlarged, as are all the figures except e and h); b, the larva (enlarged), the line by the side, in this and other figures, showing the natural length; c, the flaxseed, puparium or pupa case; d, the pupa or chrysalis; e, the Hessian fly (natural size) lay. ing its eggs in the creases of the leaf; f, female Hessian fly (much enlarged); g. male Hessian fly (much enlarged); h, flaxseed between the leaves and stalk; i, chalcid or ichneumon parasite of the Hessian fly, male (enlarged).

Fig. b, drawn by Mr. Riley; d and f, by Mr. Burgess; a, g and c, i, by the author. Copied on wood by L. Trouvelot.