With few exceptions, therefore, carbo-hydrates are a surplus stock among farmers. Rational farm practice demands that these be utilized. In order to do so it is clear that the farm must either buy or raise proteine. The bearing of ensilage on this point is therefore obvious, since it has already been shown that the production of ensilage or fodder corn is essentially a production of carbo-hydrates. By producing it, the farmer increases his stock of material, of which he already has a surplus. This is true, except in those cases where large dairies are conducted on small farms, and consequently all forms of food are imported.

Major Alvord: I would like to ask one or two questions. The same year this work was going on in New Brunswick a similiar feed experiment to the one mentioned was made, which gave almost the same results with us. One point is not clear enough; that is, as to the production of the ensilage or fodder corn, and the silage corn and the corn stalks that were compared in this case. What was the tonnage per acre of the

material?

Mr. Voorhees

The experiment did not include, in that case, any definite areas. It was only a sample of the same corn. The question of economy was only considered in the second case, where field corn was experimented with.

Major Alvord: The comparison was between equal areas?

Mr. Voorhees

Major Alvord:

Mr. Voorhees :

Yes, sir; equal areas of fodder and field corn.
What was the crop of silage corn?

It was fourteen and one-tenth tons.

Major Alvord: Less than half a crop.

Mr. Voorhees: The field in which it was grown was uniformly fertile. One acre in one part was as good as another, and in order to avoid any quality of soil the acreage was averaged, and the acre considered as the average of the field. It shows merely that the field corn gave sixty-eight bushels and the other gave fourteen and one-tenth tons. This was merely a test of that field, and the feeding trial was a test of the value of the two.

Mr. Blish It has been stated that the chemistry of the chemist and the chemistry of the cow are entirely distinct in their results. Which shall we follow? (Applause and laughter).

Mr. Voorhees So far as these experiments are concerned, the results shown by the cow and by chemistry are both about the same. The chemistry is verified by the cow.

Mr. Ward (Vice President): We will now call on Mr. Elwood Evans, who will take up and continue the discussion.

Mr. Evans, after some statements on this subject, was asked the following questions:

Mr. Borton: What is the size of your silo?

Mr. Evans : We have two of them, 10x20 each, on the ground surface. They hold about two hundred and seventy tons. They are entirely above ground, and they occupy what was formerly two hay-mows. This is the proper place for silos. I think a man had better use his hay-mow for a silo, instead of building an outside structure. It is much more convenient of access than any other way. The delay and inconvenience of getting it out of the silo during the winter, when the silo is built outside, is very great. If it is made near the manger, so it can be thrown right down to be used, it makes a far more convenient arrangement, and it is of greater value to the farmer.

Mr. Fritz How do you feed from your silo, from the top, or how?

Mr. Evans: Mine being high, I take ten-inch boards and make a trough, ten by twenty, extending to the top, with windows opening into it, at various heights, all the way down. We begin at the top, because of there being less space there to allow the air to come in. I feed off the top, and throw it down through the spout as needed. We feed the ensilage at least once a day.

Major Alvord: On this matter of opening and emptying silos, I think there is a rule that can be applied there. Uncover the smallest surface. If your silo is deeper than wide or long, begin at the top; if it is long and not wide, and not high, then begin at the end and cut it down. The best way of emptying a silo that I ever saw was one where the silo was very long, and they sliced it off and rolled it down, instead of getting it from the top. As they fed it, they keep on slicing it off and raking it down. This makes less labor than in any other way.

In my case, the least surface would be directly
That keeps a fresh surface exposed for feeding.

NEW JERSEY

STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY FOR 1889.