GUIDE TO THE CIVIL SERVICE; WITH DIRECTIONS FOR CANDIDATES, EXAMINATION PAPERS, STANDARDS OF AND ALL NECESSARY INFORMATION FOR THOSE SEEKING GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT. BY HENRY WHITE, B.A. TRIN. COLL., CAMBRIDGE; M.A. AND PH. DR., HEIDELBERG; AUTHOR OF THE "ELEMENTS OF UNIVERSAL HISTORY,' The latest Examination Papers published by the Civil Service Commissioners are given without abridgment. To have reprinted in full all that have been issued by them, would have increased the size of the work without adding to its value. Accordingly, a selection has been made from the earlier Reports of such papers as have been found most useful in the Editor's experience; and he has no doubt that they will prove serviceable models to gentlemen preparing for the Examinations. Those desirous of a greater choice of questions are referred to the several Reports of the Civil Service Commissioners, which may be procured of the publisher of this "Guide." The Editor prepares Gentlemen for the Civil Service Examinations. For particulars apply to Mr. White, 22, Parliament Street, S. W. GUIDE CIVIL TO THE SERVICE. 1.-HISTORY AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION. For many years the unsatisfactory condition of the Permanent Civil Service had attracted considerable attention as well out of Parliament as in, until, in 1853, a Commission was appointed with a view to the improvement and reorganization of that body. In November of the same year, Sir Stafford Northcote and Sir Charles Trevelyan addressed a Report to the Lords of the Treasury, stating their opinion that "the right of competing for appointments in the Civil Service should be open to all persons of a given age, subject only to the necessity of giving satisfactory references to persons able to speak to their moral conduct and character." Her Majesty's speech at the opening of Parliament in 1854 contained the following passage:"The establishment required for the conduct of the Civil Service, and the arrangements bearing upon its condition, have recently been under review; and I shall direct a plan to be laid before you which will have for its object to improve the system of admission, and thereby to increase the efficiency of the Service." No such plan was laid before Parliament; but on the 21st May, 1855, Her Majesty issued an Order in Council, appointing Sir E. Ryan, J. G. Shaw Lefevre, Esq., C.B., and E. Romilly, Esq., Commissioners for conducting the examination of young men proposed to be appointed to any of the junior situations in the Civil Establishments; and B |