it is borne by the workers, who have no means of preventing its recurrence. The responsibility for corrective action lies in a large measure on the managers of industry, and although the public through governmental agencies and private means must share this responsibility to some extent, employers must recognize that without their co-operation it is impossible to solve this problem which affects so directly a great mass of the population. We reaffirm recommendations of the Unemployment Committee of the 1919 Convention:

1. The abolition of all child labor. 2. The complete trade union organization of all women workers.

3. The establishment of a maximum 44 hour working week.

4. A minimum wage law which will guarantee to all women an adequate living wage.

5. A Federal commission to study seasonal occupations, and to formulate protective regulations relating thereto.

6. A Federal tax upon employers whose record shows a labor turnover in excess of a given percentage.

7. That crippled soldiers and sailors be given the opportunity of complete vocational training, and that similar training be given men and women incapacitated in industry.

8. That the Government provide employment for our returning soldiers and sailors at a living wage.

9. The passage of the "Lane" land bill in order that men returning from military service may establish themselves on farms, should they so desire.

10. Federal free transportation to any place of employment for persons seeking work.

We also recommend that the National Women's Trade Union League endorse the principle of unemployment insurance that shall place a direct charge upon industry, and whenever possible work for the passage of such legislation.

We further recommend that at this time when there is such widespread unemployment and distress, the same being an artificially produced depression by means of which big business means to break labor and force workers into a condition bordering on peonage, the following measures:

We call upon Congress which has appropriated enormous sums for the army and navy, which are a part of the preparation for war, which we desire to outlaw, and also one half billion dollars subsidy for the railroads, to immediately appropriate for public projects which have long been a crying necessity, and which will immediately remedy the situation.

These projects are the following specifically mentioned works, which would add vastly to the prosperity of our nation by bringing vast tracts of land into productive use.

1. The reclamation of the Everglades and other enormously rich lands which are at present submerged and require draining.

2. Irrigation schemes to bring water to the vast western spaces at present waste and barren, which need only water to produce crops. This would be legitimate expenditure, and would relieve the suffering of millions, and greatly increase the permanent prosperity of our nation.

In conclusion, we recommend the appointment by this Convention of a standing committee on unemployment, to study the problems confronting the workers of America, including the question of prison labor, and to report their findings to the Executive Board of the National Women's Trade Union League, with such recommendations as they may regard as desirable in this connection.

A motion was made and seconded to ádopt the report of the committee.

The report was discussed briefly by Mrs. Lovreglio, Miss Smith and Mrs. Robins, Miss Smith making the point that since there are several measures now pending in Congress having to do with reclamation the convention should not endorse any specific measure.

She then offered a motion that that portion of the committee's report dealing with reclamation projects be referred to the Executive Board for consideration.

The motion was seconded and carried. Mrs. Lovreglio: This completes the report of the Committee on Unemployment, which is respectfully submitted and signed.

MARY DEMPSEY, Chairman,
MRS. JOSEPHINE LOVREGLIO,
Secretary,

MRS. IRENE GOINS,
MRS. JARBOE,
MRS. ROUSE,

NELLIE LITHGOW.

The report of the Committee on Unemployment was adopted as a whole.

REPORT OF FOREIGN POLICIES COMMITTEE

Miss Steghagen, for the committee, reported as follows:

RESOLUTION NO. 39 Submitted by Mrs. Josephine Lovreglio INDIA

WHEREAS, No body of representative people can intelligently discuss economic

and labor problems without giving thought to the oppressed millions, of our fellow workers in Asia; and

WHEREAS, Knowing that we are all dependent upon the welfare of each other; therefore, be it

RESOLVED, That we hereby declare and affirm our sympathy with the people of India who are so valiantly resisting tyranny.

The committee recommended concurrence in the resolution, and the recommendation of the committee was adopted.

Miss Steghagen: This completes the report of the Committee on Foreign Policies, which is respectfully submitted and signed.

EMMA STEGHAGEN, Chairman,
MARY DREIER,

AMY WALKER FIELD,
ANNA OWERS,

MRS. ROUSE.

The report of the Committee on Foreign Policies was adopted as a whole.

REPORT OF LEGISLATIVE
COMMITTEE

Mrs. Halas, chairman of the committee, reported as follows on Resolution No. 15, previously considered at Friday night's session.

We recommend the adoption of Resolution No. 15 when amended to read: WHEREAS, The National Woman's Party has a program of legislation for the achievement of what it considers will be equal rights for women; and

WHEREAS, This program at present includes a proposed blanket national amendment and blanket State bills for removing all “civil, legal, and political disabilities" of women; and

WHEREAS, The effect of the Amendment and of the bills, if passed, would be, according to eminent legal authority, to jeopardize all women's labor laws; and

WHEREAS, These labor laws have gone further than any other achievement of working women to secure for themselves actual equality with men in the industrial world; and

WHEREAS, The removal of these laws would once more place heavy handicaps upon women as an economic group in industry; and

WHEREAS, The non-industrial inequalities which the Woman's Party seeks to remove can be removed by specific legislation without in any way interfering with the industrial situation; be it therefore

RESOLVED, That we urge the National Woman's Party to discontinue its efforts for blanket legislation, Federal or State, as a means of removing civil and

legal discrimination against women; and be it further

RESOLVED, That we will support specific legislation to correct specific discriminations.

A motion was made and seconded to adopt the report of the committee.

The question was discussed briefly by Miss Smith, Mrs. Halas, Mrs. Robins, Miss Schneiderman, Mrs. Field, Miss Nestor, Miss Leslie, and others, and some objection was raised to the wording of certain sections of the resolution.

Mrs. Robins said in part: I am exceedingly sorry if we are again placed in the position of taking a negative stand. I think it is a very great mistake. The labor movement is suffering today from the fact that we allowed a distinguished American to throw into the controversy the term, "open shop." We ought never to have spoken of the "closed shop," we should have referred to it as the "union shop." Now, if we adopt certain parts of this resolution, we will be put in the position of standing against equal rights, and wherever this thing is quoted it will bear the headline, "Women's Trade Union League Stands Against Equal Rights." We know what it means, but the world at large does not know. I think it is exceedingly necessary that we find a way of answering these attacks that are made upon us.

Miss Nestor explained that the National Legislative Committee had in its report a very definite and positive recommendation on the subject.

After some further discussion the following substitute motion was adopted: That the National Women's Trade Union League stand very clearly for the principles enunciated in Resolution No. 15, and that the final drafting of the resolution be left to the Executive Board.

Mrs. Robins: I should like to make the suggestion that there be sent out from the National Office a statement showing how many women are still working under long hours. There prevails a very curious and interesting impression that the eight-hour day has been established in practically all industries. If we could have them know how many of our women workers are still working under long hours it would have a beneficial effect.

Mrs. Halas: This completes the report of the Legislative Committee, which is respectfully submitted and signed.

MRS. FRANK R. HALAS, Chairman,
MRS. OCTAVIA GRIBBIN,
MRS. SARAH GREEN,
MABEL GILLESPIE,

FANNIA FINKELSTEIN,

MRS. JOSEPHINE LOVREGLIO.

The report of the Legislative Committee was adopted as a whole.

REPORTS OF LOCAL LEAGUES (CONTINUED)

KANSAS CITY

Mrs. Sarah Green: We held a Mass meeting of teachers called by the League ' in November, 1919, when Professor L. V. Lampson addressed the teachers on Education and Federation. Out of the group an organization known as the Co-operative Council of Teachers was formed and handled by a group of teachers who were opposed to forming a trade union organization. It was effective in one way; they received a wage increase averaging $450 per annum. Public interest among the teachers for the time has ceased as they have obtained an increase without organization, but there is still a group of teachers in Kansas City who are converted to trade unions.

The League has helped the different secretaries of the Waitresses' Local in their organization work, the organizer of the League devoting a month's continuous service to the International organization of the Hotel and Restaurant Employees International Alliance.

There was a determined effort made in 1920 and 1921 to organize the colored people in the catering industry. Mr. Campbell, the International Organizer for the culinary trades, came to Kansas City in 1920. The organizer of the Women's Trade Union League worked continuously with this group, and we were able to perfect an organization of 25 members and install the officers. continued our support until in the early spring of 1921.

We

The Women's Trade Union League has handled for the Waitresses' Local several violations of the nine hour law, and we have been able to enforce this nine hour law without recourse to the courts, with the exception of one case, and after prosecuting this violation clear through, the proprietor, located at Thirty-first and Main streets, was fined $50.00 and costs, and so far as we have been able to learn there have been no further violations.

As a result of the last great Laundry Workers' strike over three years ago the active trade unionists were unable to get back into the laundries to work, and the organization finally disbanded, leaving people in the jobs at the increased wages without belonging to the organization, and mostly Negro women in possession of the work. In July, 1920, a group of fifty-five Negro women came out on strike. They formed an organization and the white girls who had been in the

previous struggles proceeded to take the places of the colored women, thereby forcing out another group of laundry workers and disbanding another organization. The League has been in close relation with, and has at times been able to assist the telephone girls, packing house employees, tailors, jitneymen, biscuit workers, building employees and the employees of the Sugar Creek Refining Company.

The Women's Trade Union League has furnished speakers on the industrial question before all the permanent civic organizations in Kansas City upon request and before the Ministers' Alliance.

The League has canvassed the local unions on different subjects pertaining to organization and education of the wives and children of trade union women on economics and collective bargaining, and has personally helped ninetyseven school students in their debates against the open shop.

In legislation the League has worked for an eight-hour bill, and a bill to establish a minimum wage commission, and for other measures.

Miss Mary Anderson called attention to the resolution adopted by the convention in reference to the work of housewives, and in this connection stated that she had received a telegram to the effect that the Census Bureau was tabulating some information that would be available with the publication of the next census figures.

Miss Christman read a message of greeting from Miss Emma Pischel, which was made part of the record, along with other similar communications.

CLOSING ADDRESS OF MRS.

RAYMOND ROBINS

In closing the convention Mrs. Robins said: "Before we close with singing I want to say that I cannot begin to tell you what it means and what it has meant through all these years. The very richest years of my life have been those I spent as President of the National Women's Trade Union League, and I am very certain that this is the beginning of the constructive work of the women's group in the American labor movement. "I can't begin to tell you how deeply grateful I am to you for having made it possible for me to be among the first to lay the foundation for that great, constructive work which is now left in your hands.

"I thank you, and thank you again for all the beauty, for the fragrance, for that unforgettable scene of yesterday, for the friendship and the comradeship and the sense that we know each other and are

working towards one goal, one purpose, one faith, one hope-all together."

The sentiments of comradeship and good fellowship expressed by Mrs. Robins were strikingly set forth in the dining hall at dinner following adjournment, when the delegates extended rousing votes of thanks to the Bowen Country Club, Miss Lund, the manager, and to all the attaches, all of whom were most cordial and gracious in their treatment of the delegates and visitors during the week.

Miss Lund, the manager, was called upon at the dinner, and said that the attaches of the club were merely trying

to carry out the spirit of Jane Addams in all their work, and that if they had succeeded in making the delegates happy during their visit they, too, were very happy.

A hearty vote of thanks was given to the Lake County Central Labor Union for its generous and practical co-operation, especially to Mr. Shanks for his help with the arrangements in Wauke

gan.

At 12:40 p. m. Saturday, June 10, the Eighth Biennial Convention of the National Women's Trade Union League was adjourned sine die, with the singing of "Auld Lang Syne."

PLATFORM

1. Organization of all workers into trade unions.

2. Equal pay for equal work, regardless of sex or race.

3. Eight-hour day and 44-hour week. 4. An American standard of living. 5. Full citizenship for women. 6. The outlawry of war.

7. Closer affiliation of women workers of all countries.

We look towards democracy in the workshop and a full and normal life for all. To make this vision a reality, and to hasten its coming is the aim of the National Women's Trade Union League of America.

Article I-Name

The name of this organization shall be the National Women's Trade Union League of America.

Article II-Objects

The objects of this organization shall be:

First-To develop the national aspects of the trade organizations of women through_the_organization of Local and State Trade Union Leagues and committees of the National Women's Trade Union League.

Second-To assist the Local and State Trade Union Leagues and committees of the National League in organizing women into trade unions and to organize women locally into trade unions where there are no local trade union leagues, such unions to be affiliated with the American Federation of Labor.

We aim:

To provide a common meeting ground for women of all groups who endorse the principles of democracy

and wish to see them applied to industry.

To encourage self-government in the workshop.

To develop leadership among the women workers, inspiring them with a sense of personal responsibility for the conditions under which they work.

To insure the protection of the younger girls in their efforts for better working conditions and a living wage.

To secure for girls and women equal opportunity with boys and men in trades and technical training and pay on the basis of occupation and not on the basis of sex.

Το secure the representation women on industrial tribunals and public boards and commissions.

To interpret to the public generally the aims and purposes of the trade union movement.

Article III-Membership Section 1. The membership of the National Women's Trade Union League shall consist of:

a. Local Women's Trade Union Leagues.

b. State Women's Trade Union Leagues.

c. College chapters.

d. Members-at-large.

e. Committees of the National Women's Trade Union League.

f. Affiliated International Unions having_women in their membership, State Federations of Labor and National Women's Auxiliaries to Trade Unions.

g. Other affiliated organizations.

Sec. 2. a. Local Women's Trade Union Leagues shall consist of at least twenty-five members, representing at least three trade unions, containing at least twenty-five per cent women mem