Who is used in speaking of persons; which, of animals and things; and that, of persons, animals, and things. 1. The man who came from Florida is my uncle. 2. The race which he ran was won by his rival. 3. The God that made the world dwelleth not in mansions made by hands. 4. Water that is stagnant is unwholesome. The relative what includes its antecedent. I have read the book that is on the table. Or I have read what is on the table. The relative should usually come as close as possible to its antecedent. 1. The hat of a man whose name was John. NOT A man's hat whose name was John. 2. A man's horse, whose harness was broken. NOT The horse of a man whose harness was broken. A relative must agree with its antecedent in number, but its case depends on its construction in its own clause. I. I saw John (accusative), who (nominative) also saw me. (Because who is the subject of saw.) 2. He attacked Mr. Brown (accusative), whom (accusative) I saw in the shoe-store. (Because whom is the object of I saw.) Who is used in speaking of persons. Who is here? Whom did you see? Which is used in speaking of persons or things when an idea of selection is involved. Which of the men (of the two or three whom I know) do you mean? Which of the books (of the many on my desk) did you take? What is used in speaking of things when an idea of quality is involved. What (what sort of thing) came? Be very careful to put the interrogative pronoun you use in the right case. 1. I saw John (accusative); whom (accusative NOT who, nominative) did you see? (Because whom is the object of see.) 2. I saw John (accusative); who (nominative) saw me? (Because who is the subject of saw.) LESSON II Supply the proper relative pronouns in the exercises given below, explaining fully why you select the ones you do. beast among men; he knoweth no more than he hath need of, is a man among brute beasts; and he known, is a God amongst men. knoweth all may be 3. God helps them help themselves. 4. You have tied a knot with your tongue with your teeth. 5. He 6. you cannot undo keeps out of harm's way will gather goodly riches. He was a man stole the livery of the court of heaven To serve the Devil in. 8. There was a people governed by grave magistrates selected, and equal laws - it had framed. causeth trouble. it had think, a tragedy to those does not lose his child's heart. 9. The world is a comedy to those feel. 10. The great man is he Supply the proper interrogative pronouns in the exercises given below, explaining fully why you select the ones you do. I. matters it if the soldier have a sword of dazzling finish, of the keenest edge, and finest temper, - if he has never learned the art of fence? 5. manner of man is this! will you take? The path which brings you to the river, Or that which leads you 'round the lake? can they see in the longest kingly line in Europe, save that it runs back to a successful soldier? In the following exercises explain what different meanings are conveyed by the use of the different interrogative pronouns. In the following exercises tell which pronouns are relative and which interrogative. 1. Who so blind as he who will not see? 2. Friend after friend departs; Who hath not lost a friend! There is no union here of hearts That finds not here an end. 3. What is just and right, is the law of laws. 4. Who overcomes by force, hath overcome but half his foes. 5. He that would know what shall be, must consider what hath been. Reading exercise. LESSON III THE RAVEN ONCE upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, Ah, distinctly I remember, it was in the bleak December, And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. And the silken, sad, uncertain rustling of each purple curtain, This it is, and nothing more." Presently my soul grew stronger: hesitating then no longer, Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there, wondering, fearing, |