Armamentarium, Physicians and Their, Tanner, xxxix, 97. Army, The Personal Character of, xlvi, 284. Army, Health of, Pope, xv, 527. Army, French, Physical Fitness for Service in, xxxiii, 36. Army, The Health of, xvi, 3, 112, 227, 322, 449; xvii, 22, 215, 317, 416, 499; xviii, 13, 145, 402; xlvi, 272. Army Hygiene, Chadwick, xi, 566. Army Sanitation, Corbally, xiv, 301. Army Medical Rank, xi, 86. Army, Surgeon-General's Report, xiv, 73; xxviii, 163; xxxvi, 258; xxxvii, 536; xlii, 253; xliv, 260. Army Medical School, xxxi, 179. Army Sanitation in Argentine, xlii, 526. Army Investigations, The, xli, 567. Army Medical Supplies, xli, 279. Army Sanitation, Dr. Carroll Dunham, xli, 474. Army Sanitation in Cuba, xl, 164. Army and Navy Medical Officers and Supplies, Bell, xli, 357- Armstrong, S. T., Maritime Sanitation, xvi, 234; Hygiene and Public Health, xxiii, 403; Sanitary Condition and Vital Statistics of Nuevitas and Puerto Principe, xlii, 393. Arsenic in Animals, Normal Existence of, Gautier, xliv, 144. Arsenic, Iodide of, in Scrofulous Children, Rousseau, xl, 533- Arrow Poison, Strophanthus, xliv, 239. "As Bad as Cuba," xli, 272. Arnold-Snow, Physical Culture, xlv, 419. Art, Great Works of, Unearthed by Accident, xlii, 189. Artesian Wells, Charleston, xii, 110. Artesian Wells, New York, xiii, 59. Artesian Well Water, viii, 566. Arthritism in Infants, xlvi, 343. Arthritic, Hygiene and Dietetics of the, xxviii, 238. Artichokes, Poisoning from, xliii, 240. Artificial Inguinal Hernia, xxxiii, 168. Artificial Teeth, A New Danger of, xxxiv, 199. Artists' Holiday, ii, 223. Asbestos and Its Uses, xi, 746. Ascaris Infection, Hygiene of, xxxviii, 441. Asepsis, Operative, and Disinfection of the Hands, xlv, 248. Asphalt Lake, The Famous, xlvi, 288. Arsenic, The Massachusetts Law on, xlv, 322. Arsenic in Wallpapers, xxv, 36. Ashmead, A. S., Propagation of Leprosy, xlvii, 506. Asheville (N. C.) Water Supply, xxxix, 275. Asphalt Drain and Soil Pipes, iv, 332. Asphalt Pavements, vi, 178. Association of Acting Assistant Surgeons, U. S. A., xxxii, 351. Association of Military Surgeons, xxxii, 383; xxxiv, 488. Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor, viii, 181. Asylum Abuses, Letchworth, xvii, 414. Asylums, County, Indiana, xiii, 154. Asylum, The New York Infant, xi, 348, 699; Infected with Measles, Whooping Cough and Diphtheria, and How These Diseases Were Overcome, xi, 694; xiii, 481. Atalantis, xxxiii, 215. Athletics, A Healthy Development of, xxxv, 185. Athletics Barred, xlv, 75. Athletism and Longevity, xlvii, 151. Athletics, College, Davis, xi, 266. Atlee, W. L., Fashion and Its Penalties, iv, 160. Auxiliary Sanitary Association, New Orleans, vii, 562; viii, 136. Avena or Oaten Grits, iv, 45. Avery, J., Contagious and Infectious Diseases, xiii, 56. Art-Education of Women, vi, 177. Arts of the Table, Meredith, xi, 356. Artificial Feeding, Jerome Walker, i, 254, 402; ii, 16. Artificial Versus Natural Mineral Waters, x, 364. Atkins. F. H., New Mexico and Her Adjacent Plains, xxvi, 335. ་་ Atkinson, W. B., The Infant Food Problem, xxi, 100. Atkinson, Edward, Cellar or No Cellar, xxxi, 14. Atlantic Coast Health Resorts, E. W. Bowditch, xi, 177, 202, 213. Atmosphere of Houses, The Vitiation of, Gauthier, xlv, 299. Atmosphere of House, or Artificial Climate, Boyce, xix, 231. "Atmosphere Purifier," xviii, 572. Atmosphere, Testing the Purity of the, Wolfert, xi, 600. Atmosphere, Marine, Influence of on Certain Diseases, xxv, 471. Atmosphere, Dry, Effects of, Chronic Inflammation of the Larynx and Nares, Ingals, xxvi, 414. Atmosphere Infected, xxxvii, 48. Atmospheric Hypothesis of Epidemics, xxviii, 549. Atmospheric Ozone, Arny, xlvi, 42. Atrophy of the Foot in Coxalgia, xxxiv, 360. Atwater, W. O., Foods: Nutritive Value and Costs, xxxvi, 193, 313. Atwater, W. O., Nutritive Qualities of Alcohol, xliii, 73. Aulde, John, Diet for Health, xxxiv, 118. Auntie Septic, L. D. W., xxxiv, 407. Auscultation in Pleurisy, Hewariet, xxxvii, 329. Austin, A., Victoria, the Good, xxxix, 89. Automobile, The Humane, xlvi, 38. Average Duration of Life Among Physicians, xxxiv, 548. PAMPHLETS, REPRINTS, REPORTS, ETC., RECEIVED. Morbus Cærulens, A case of (probably due to a dust powder containing acetanilid). S. E. Earp, M. S., M. D., Indianapolis, Ind. Some Phases of the Tuberculosis Problem in Colorado. S. G. Bonny, A. M., M. D., Denver, Col. Thoughts on the Ethics of Medical Journalism. Burnside Foster, M. D., St. Paul, Minn. Viability of the Bacillus Pestes. M. J. Rosenau, P. A. Surgeon, Director Hygiene Laboratory, U. S. Marine Hospital Service, Washington, D. C. Jefferson Medical College Announcement, 1901-1902. Treatment of Trachoma, Report on Different Operations for. P. Charles Jameson, M. D., Brooklyn, N. Y. The New Era in Medical Education: Plan of New Medical Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Study of Man. Arthur MacDonald, Specialist in the United States Bureau of Education, Washington, D. C. Susceptibility to Disease and Physical Development in College Women. Ibid. Systolic Mitral Murmurs: Their Transmissions, with Special Reference to the Nature of the Anemic Murmurs. Horace D. Arnold, M. D., Boston, Mass. Weight of the Normal Heart in Adults. Ibid. A THE SANITARIAN. FEBRUARY, 1902. COSMOPOLITAN HEALTH STUDIES.* By F. L. OSWALD, M. D., Author of "Physical Education," "The Remedies of Nature," Etc. V. RUSSIA. The low death-rate of the Netherlands has been called a "triumph of cleanliness vs. Schiedam schnapps," and Russian longevity should be recognized as a triumph of the Frost Cure vs. uncleanliness and intemperance combined. In the climate of northern Russia the survival of an unkempt codka-tippler does not disprove the importance of sanitation. For frost itself is an expurgative process, and the experience of its benefits is, often as it were, an involuntary state of cleanliness. Bedrooms, whose owners would stubbornly object to direct ventilation, are disinfected by blizzards that penetrate walls and window-glass, and destroy or lethargize myriads of microbes, in spite of all preventive contrivances. But the same germ-killer may be systematically invoked, and the merit of the long-lived Muscovite consists in his cold-weather heroism. With all his indifference to other sanitary precautions, he courts health by a deliberate and ostentatious defiance of many western frost prejudices. Bathers step from the hot steam of a hypocaust to roll in a snowbank; travelers use handsful of snow to stimulate the circulation of their half-congealed faces; Russian officers, with the full approval of their military surgeons, let their men bivouac in snow-storms; Russian aristocrats vie in driving their sleighs at steeplechase speed in the teeth of a north gale, and would not have been afraid to lodge in the ice-palace of Czarina Elizabeth. "There is a vein of maudlin sentimentality under the shaggy hide of a mujik," says the traveler Kohl; "he will become lachrymose in enumerating the virtues of a lost relative, and expatiates ⚫Continued from Vol. 47; page 237. pathetically upon his personal wrongs at the hands of despotic officials, but makes amends by his stoical endurance of climatic vicissitudes. Recruits, whimpering under the hardships of a winter march, are promptly bantered into silence; their comrades appear to consider thermal hardiness (Abhaertung) a national prestige that must be maintained at all risks." The everlasting wars of aggression upon neighboring frostlands may likewise have had a tendency to improve the race by a process of more or less natural selection; the winter storms of such countries as Turkestan were more formidable than the weapons of the semi-barbarous natives, and in the course of a protracted campaign weaklings were thus weeded out, while in ordinary warfare the Valkyries, like the Mussulman Death Angel of Battlefield, manifest a fatal predilection for heroes. Mikael Bakunin, the Russian Mirabeau, indeed, remarks that his countrymen got physically ahead of the formerly superior Swedes, because Sweden stopped fighting and Russia didn't; but adds that the remarkable vigor, of the mujiks (the poorer class of Russian peasants) admits of an entirely different explanation. "Their lusty health and equally blooming ignorance," he says, "are both due to the fact that, during the long era of serfdom, they were at the mercy of masters who had a personal interest in promoting their physical and preventing their mental development. . They kept their serfs away from school, but also from vodka shops, and if, as might happen, the real-estate magnate's egotism was tempered by good nature, he did not grudge his two-legged cattle an abundant supply of wholesome fodder, and, with the co-operation of a healthy climate, the result was what we see in the examining room of every Russian recruiting office: men who could conquer the world by sheer strength of muscle, if the predicted international war should break out before they have had time to fuddle themselves down." The passion for strong drink has certainly infected an enormous part of the great Slavonic family of nations, and but for the favor of a dry-cold climate, would have undermined the stamina of a race fighting the battle for survival against an ugly assortment of germ-diseases. For nothing seen in our factory slums or negro cabins can give a conception of the atmospheric filth reeking in Muscovite boor-hovels, the year round. Nose-witnesses agree that it makes the shelter-seeking foreigner recoil as he would recoil from the vilest fumes of a chemical laboratory. A brick stove diffuses a heat, varying from sixty to ninety |