Voice, Trust, and Memory: Marginalized Groups and the Failings of Liberal RepresentationPrinceton University Press, 13. aug. 2000 - 329 sider Does fair political representation for historically disadvantaged groups require their presence in legislative bodies? The intuition that women are best represented by women, and African-Americans by other African-Americans, has deep historical roots. Yet the conception of fair representation that prevails in American political culture and jurisprudence--what Melissa Williams calls "liberal representation"--concludes that the social identity of legislative representatives does not bear on their quality as representatives. Liberal representation's slogan, "one person, one vote," concludes that the outcome of the electoral and legislative process is fair, whatever it happens to be, so long as no voter is systematically excluded. Challenging this notion, Williams maintains that fair representation is powerfully affected by the identity of legislators and whether some of them are actually members of the historically marginalized groups that are most in need of protection in our society. |
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... bodies , citizens who are members of those groups are not fairly represented . The American electoral system reliably pro- duces legislatures in which marginalized groups hold a disproportionately small share of the seats , a system ...
... bodies of their own members . Debates over the increased legislative presence of marginalized groups reflect a broader tension in American politics , law , and culture between color- and gender - blind procedural conceptions of fairness ...
... bodies seems at first glance to imply that members of such groups somehow share an identity of interests or concerns for which their representatives can advocate . Yet there is clearly a wide diversity of both opinion and interest ...
... bodies in a proportion roughly comparable to their proportion of the population as a whole . No defensible claim for group representation can rest on assertions of the essential identity of women or minorities ; such assertions do ...
... bodies with simple majoritarian decision rules , representatives of ethnic and racial minorities may be unable to influence policy decisions if they are consistently outvoted . Moreover , the internal diversity of marginalized groups ...
Innhold
Representation as Mediation | 23 |
The Need for a Political Sociology of Groups and the Flaws of Descriptive Representation | 27 |
III Trust and Political Representation | 30 |
IV Burke | 33 |
V Madison | 38 |
VI Calhoun | 42 |
VII J S Mill | 45 |
VIII Conclusion | 50 |
Hearing Different Voices | 131 |
V Womens Voice and the Dynamics of Legislative Deliberation | 137 |
VI Group Representation and the Limits of the Deliberative Ideal | 143 |
Trust The Racial Divide and Black Rights during Reconstruction | 149 |
From Slavery to Citizenship to Disfranchisement | 150 |
The Declaration and ColorBlind Equality | 152 |
III The Sense of Betrayal and the Turn to SelfRepresentation | 161 |
IV Trust and the American Scheme of Liberal Representation | 164 |
Liberal Equality and Liberal Representation | 57 |
I Liberal Equality | 58 |
II Liberal Representation | 62 |
III Liberal Representation Geographic Districts and Gerrymandering | 70 |
IV The Limits of Liberal Representation | 75 |
The Supreme Court Voting Rights and Representation | 83 |
The Concept of Minority Vote Dilution | 85 |
II DifferenceBlind Proceduralism and Voting Rights Doctrine | 89 |
III From Restrictive to Expansive Readings of Liberal Representation | 95 |
Back to DifferenceBlind Proceduralism | 97 |
Beyond Liberal Representation to Group Representation | 102 |
The Racial Bias of Recent Supreme Court Decisions on Minority Vote Dilution | 110 |
Voice Woman Suffrage and the Representation of Womans Point of View | 116 |
I Womens Claim to Individual Equality | 119 |
The Distinctive Virtue of Womanhood | 124 |
III The Functional Advantages of Womans Point of View | 128 |
Memory The Claims of History in Group Recognition | 176 |
I Critiques of Group Representation | 178 |
II Memory | 181 |
III History | 187 |
IV Memory History and Group Representation | 192 |
V Responses to Liberal Critiques of Group Representation | 196 |
The Institutions of Fair Representation | 203 |
I Defining Constituencies | 205 |
II Dynamics of Legislative Decision Making | 221 |
III LegislatorConstituent Relations | 227 |
Sketch of a Fair System of Political Representation | 233 |
Descriptive Representation with a Difference | 238 |
Notes | 245 |
Bibliography | 303 |
319 | |
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Voice, Trust, and Memory: Marginalized Groups and the Failings of Liberal ... Melissa S. Williams Begrenset visning - 2021 |
Voice, Trust, and Memory: Marginalized Groups and the Failings of Liberal ... Melissa S. Williams Begrenset visning - 2000 |
Voice, Trust, and Memory: Marginalized Groups and the Failings of Liberal ... Melissa S. Williams Begrenset visning - 2000 |
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