THE MANNERS OF THE JEWS.
No. X.
TRAVELLING

Most of the travelling mentioned in the Bible was on foot. The journeys of our Lord and of his apostles all appear to have been so made. The taking up carriages, Acts xxi. 15. means taking up the luggage or baggage, not getting into coaches, or what we call carriages.

The chariots mentioned in the Bible were little, if at all better than carts. The nobility even of England had no better wheel conveyances three hundred years

ago. The chariot in which the eunuch rode, Acts viii. 28. was something. like the above cut.

We often read of the camel in scripture, particularly in the book Genesis. It is the most useful animal for travelling in the east through the sandy deserts, as it can go for a long time without water, and its feet are particularly adapted for those countries. The women usually travel in a sort of basket or cradle; Rebekah and her damsels no doubt did so, Gen. xxiv. 61. 65. The camel in the east is expressively called “the ship of the desert."

Asses were used by persons of rank, Judg. v. 10. x. 4. xii. 14. also for travelling, Josh. ix. 4. 1 Kings xiii. 23. 2 Kings iv. 24. 2 Sam. xvi. 2. 1 Sam. xxv. 20. And my readers will recollect that our blessed Lord himself rode upon an ass, in his triumphal entry into Jerusalem. The patriarchs had no horses. Egypt was famous for them, but there were few or none in Judea. The Jewish ruler was forbidden to procure them, Deut. xvii. 16. This prohibition was to prevent them from trusting in their own strength as a nation, and to hinder them from having commerce with Egypt, whence Solomon procured his horses, 1 Kings x. 23. 2 Chron. ix. 28. The Arabs now are famous for their horses, which are remarkably swift.

The ancient Greeks were very attentive to strangers, as we find from Homer, and several other old writers; and any instance of unkindness or injury done to a stranger was considered a very great crime. We find several cases of this sort mentioned in the Bible, and the attention paid to strangers among the Arabs is strongly proved by many instances.

Captains Irby and Mangles relate, that, on two occasions, they arrived at Arab camps very late. They halted before a tent, but found the owner and his family, having arranged their carpets, &c. had retired to rest for the night. It was surprising, they say, to see the good humor with which all rose again and kindled a fire, the wife kneading the dough and preparing supper, while the Arabs who accompanied as guides made no apology, though the nights were bitter cold, but took all as a matter of course.

Christians, in the first ages, seldom travelled without letters from some persons well known to the brethren, and they were sure

of a kind reception wherever they went. Calmet thinks that the second and third epistles of St. John were letters of this sort.

When a person had once been received as a guest, he was always expected to call again whenever he came that way, and those who received him would also call on him, if they visited his country. Their children continued to do the same, and they used to provide themselves with some token, as a proof of this friendship. It was usually a piece of lead or stone, which was divided in half, one piece was kept by each family, and produced when any of them visited the other. Sometimes a name was written upon it. This custom seems to be alluded to in that beautiful passage, Rev. ii. 17. where it is said, "To him that overcometh will I give a white stone, and in the stone a new name written, which no man knoweth save he that receiveth it."

LETTER OF DR. ADAM CLARKE.

Dr. Adam Clarke was a celebrated English writer, who died a little more than a year ago. The following letter from this great man to his grandson exhibits the amiable traits of his character in a most attractive light:

My dear little Grandson,

Your father and mother tell me that

you are fond of birds, especially pretty little birds that have pretty feathers-blue, green, yellow, red, fine glossy black, and fair lily white, with nice bills and beautiful legs; but your mamma tells me that you have but one such bird; what a pity, when you love it so well, and would take great care of others also, if you had them. Well, my dear Adam, I have many beautiful birds, which have been sent me from countries very far off, and they were sent me by very good people

who love me, and I will give some of them to you, Adam. I much like these little birds. Is it because they have very beautiful feathers, and beaks, and legs? or that because when they were alive they sang so delightfully, ran so fast, and flew so swiftly? All this indeed I love, but I love them because it was the same good God who made them that made myself; and he who feeds me feeds them also, and takes care of them; and he made them beautiful that you, and 1, and all people might be pleased with their fine feathers and sweet singing.

Now, a man who has a great deal of money, may go to places where people sing for money, or have music in the house, such as poor dear Cecilia plays; but there are a great many poor people in the world who have scarcely money enough to buy bread when they are hungry, or clothes to keep them warm in the cold weather. Now, my dear, these cannot hire people to sing, nor can they have music in their houses like your mamma; yet they love to hear music; so would it not be a pity that they should not have some also? See, then, why the good God who made you formed so many little birds with such sweet voices to sing the sweetest songs; these are the poor man's music; they sing to him for nothing -they do not even ask a crum of bread from the poor man; and when he is going to work in the morning, they sing to encourage him; and when he is returning home in the evening very weary, because he has worked very hard, then they sing again that he may be pleased and not grieve nor fret. Now is not God very good for making these pretty little musicians to encourage and comfort the poor laboring man? And will you not then love this God who made them for so kind a purpose?

Now you must know, Adam, that I am very fond of these nice little birds; and often take crums of bread, and scatter them under the windows, that they may come and peck them up; and once I put a stick in the ground before the parlour window, with a cross-stick on the top of it, just like your letter T, that you have been learning in your A, B, C, and often would I lift up the window and cry Bobby, Bobby-and the sweet red breast, so soon as he could hear my voice, would fly near the window and sit on the cross-stick; then I left the crums and bits of cheese, of which they are very fond, upon the ledge of the window, and when I had shut down the sash, then Bobby would come and eat them all up! I have told you before, that I love little birds; yes, I love them, even when they are dead; and I get their skins stuffed, to make them look just as if the birds were alive. Now I send you several of these beautiful stuffed birds, and they shall be your own, and you must take care of them, and keep them for the sake of your loving and affec tionate grandfather. ADAM CLARKE,

DIVINE LOVE AND PROTECTION My God, when memory turns to gaze On all the varied past,

She sees 't was love that marked thy ways, E'en when with gloom o'ercast.

For oft have sweetest joys been sent,

In disappointment's train; And when the aching heart was rent,

Some healing balsam came.

And oft the favorite wish denied,

Has proved the greatest good; And brightest pleasures been concealed, Beneath affliction's hood.

In Russia they use travelling carriages of arious shapes and names. Genteel people de often in a sort of chariot. But the inabitants more generally use the telega; a ght cart, on four low wheels, without rings, having a railing all round, and a ench inside, or sometimes nothing but hay, sit upon. The jolting of such a machine ust be terrible. The kibitka is more in e at the post-houses, and is much like the ega, but is hung upon springs. These, well as private carriages of all kinds, are ver drawn by less than three, and often four, six, or eight horses.

sometimes four horses abreast. One of them, between the shafts, has an arched piece of wood over his head, to which several small bells are hung. The coachman sits in front, making room for himself as he can, perhaps upon the traveller's trunks. When there are six or eight horses, they are harnessed in two rows; and a postilion rides one of those in the front row. Sometimes, however, a single driver will manage the whole; and they drive excellently well, with their long slender strings.

that is, wide enough for two persons or one only, on the hinder seat. A circular low back, is attached to the carriage; and the body is fixed upon four springs. It jolts excessively, and over a stony road makes a great noise. The Russian coachman never flourishes his whip. It hangs from the carriage, and passes through a loop hung from the little finger of the right hand. He manages his reins differently from all other drivers, holding them with both hands considerably apart, the palms being turned upwards..

THE TOUCAN.

This bird is one of the most extraordinary in the world. It is remarkable for a monstrous bill, which is from six to seven inches in length, and in some places two in breadth, the whole being extremely slight, and a little thicker than parchment. The plumage of this bird is dark, spotted with blue, purple, yellow and other colors that produce a very

are of an ash color; and the toes stand like those of parrots, two before, and two behind. The tongue is feathered at the edges, and, as well as the inside of the mouth, is of a deep red.

The Toucan is easily tamed, and will become very familiar, eating almost any thing offered to it. In general, it feeds upon fruits. In its wild state it is a noisy bird, perpetually moving from place to place in search of food. It is particularly fond of grapes. If these are plucked from the stalk one by one, and thrown to it, the Toucan will catch them with great dexterity before they fall to the ground.

When in flocks, these birds generally ap point one of their number to watch through the night. While they are asleep, he sits perched at the top of a tree above them, making a continual noise, resembling illarticulated sounds, and moving his head during the whole time to the right and left. From this circumstance, the South Americans have given this bird the name of the Preacher.

As you cannot overtake time, the best way is to be always a few minutes before him.

When you set about a good work, do not rest till you have completed it.

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