PERCENT CHANGE IN AVERAGE MONTHEND OPEN INTEREST, FOR FISCAL YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 1984, Indicates figures necessary for percentage change calculation STATUS OF FUTURES TRADING FISCAL YEAR 1984 1/ Exchange Chicago Board of Trade. Contract Wheat, Corn, Oats, Soybeans, Soybean 011, Chicago Mercantile Exchange......Live Cattle, Live Hogs, Frozen Pork Bellies, Lumber, Live Feeder Cattle, Leaded Regular Gasoline, No. 2 Fuel Oil International Monetary. Commodity Exchange, Inc.. ..British Pound, Canadian Dollar, Deutsche ....Copper, Silver, Gold, Aluminum Kansas City Board of Trade.......Wheat, Value Line Index, Mini Value Line Index MidAmerica Commodity Exchange....Wheat, Com, Oats, Soybeans, Silver, Live Hogs, Live Cattle, Gold (33.2 ounces), Minneapolis Grain Exchange.......Wheat, White Wheat Coffee, Sugar and Cocoa...... ..Coffee "C", Sugar #11, Sugar #12, Cocoa (10 m. tons) New York Cotton Exchange.........Cotton Citrus Associates of the............... ..Frozen Concentrated Orange Juice Petroleum Associates of the......Propane New York Cotton Exchange New York Mercantile Exchange..... Round White Potatoes (Old), Platinum, Palladium, No. 2 Heating Oil (New York), Chicago Mercantile Exchange.. .......S&P 500 Stock Index, Deutsche hark New York Futures Exchange.. ...NYSE Composite Stock Index MidAmerica Commodity Exchange..........Gold 1/ Fiscal year 1984 is the period October 1, 1983 through September 30, 1984. Z/ Traded during 1984. ESTIMATED AVERAGE MONTHEND OPEN INTEREST, VOLUME OF FUTURES TRADING AND TOTAL DELIVERIES, BY COMODITY, ALL MARKETS COMBINED, FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 1983, AND SEPTEMBER 30, 1984 1/ Includes milled rice and rough rice. Trading in milled rice, contracts of 120,000 pounds. Trading in rough rice, contracts of 200,000 pounds. 3/ Rough rice only. I/ Cash settlement. 5/ Includes live heef cattle and feader cattle. / Live beef cattle contracts of 40,000 pounds, Chicago Mercantile Exchange. Live beef cattle contracts of 20,000 pounds, MidAmerica Commodity Exchange. Live feeder cattle contracts of 42,000 pounds. 1/ Chicago Mercantile Exchange contracts of 30,000 pounds. MidAmerica Commodity Exchange contracts of 15,000 pounds. 8/ Chicago Board of Trade contracts of both 5,000 and 1,000 troy ounces. Commodity Exchange, Inc., contracts of 5,000 troy ounces. MidAmerica Commodity Exchange contracts of 1,000 troy ounces. 9/ Commodity Exchange, Inc., and Chicago Board of Trade contracts of 100 troy ounces. MidAmerica Commodity Exchange contracts of 33.2 troy ounces. 10/ Trading began December 8, 1983. II Trading began March 26, 1994. 12/ Trading began March 22, 1984. 13/ Trading began July 23, 1984. TUESDAY, MARCH 26, 1985. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION WITNESSES FRANK E. YOUNG, M.D., PH.D., COMMISSIONER OF FOOD AND DRUGS THOMAS SCARLETT, CHIEF COUNSEL GERALD F. MEYER, ASSOCIATE COMMISSIONER FOR MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS FRANK P. CLAUNTS, DIRECTOR, DIVISION OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT JAMES O. MASON, M.D., ACTING ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HEALTH LESTER CRAWFORD, D.V.M., PH.D., DIRECTOR, CENTER FOR VETERINARY MEDICINE MARION FINKEL, M.D., DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF ORPHAN PRODUCTS DEVELOPMENT RICHARD RONK, DEPUTY DIRECTOR, CENTER FOR FOOD SAFETY AND APPLIED NUTRITION (CFSAN] ALLEN FORBES, M.D., DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE, CFSAN Mr. WHITTEN. The Committee will come to order. At this time we have with us Dr. Young, Commissioner of Food and Drugs, and his associates. We are glad to have you with us and those who may be new we will be glad to have a biographical sketch included in the record. [CLERK'S NOTE.-The biographical sketch follows. The full text of Dr. Young's statement appears on pages 626 through 640. The explanatory notes appear on pages 641 through 846.] BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON DR. FRANK E. YOUNG The new FDA Commissioner, Dr. Frank E. Young, 52, M.D., Ph.D., is a pathologist, a microbiologist, an educator and a researcher in fundamental genetic techniques. He comes to the Agency from the University of Rochester, New York, where he was Chairman of the Department of Microbiology (1970-79), Dean of the School of Medicine and Dentistry (1979-84), Director of the Medical Center (1979-81) and Vice President for Health Affairs (1981-84). At Rochester he was professor of Microbiology, of Pathology and of Radiation Biology and Biophysics. His clinical responsibilities included Director of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratories, Strong Memorial Hospital (1970-79), Microbiologist in Chief, Strong Memorial Hospital (1976–79), Pathologist, Strong Memorial Hospital (1970-84). While Dean, he also developed a laboratory for biotechnology research to work on the cloning of genes and development of vaccines. He has published over 150 scientific articles on his research and has participated in government deliberations on genetic engineering. He was an editor of the journal Gene from 1976 to 1983, and served on the editorial boards of the Journal of Bacteriology, the Journal of Applied Biochemistry and Reviews in Infectious Disease. Before going to the University of Rochester in 1970, he was assistant professor of Pathology at Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio and later associate professor and the professor in the departments of microbiology and experimental pathology at the Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California. (265) Dr. Young attended Union College in Schenectady, New York. He received an M.D. degree cum laude from the University of the State of New York, Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, in 1956 and a Ph.D. from Western Reserve University in 1962. In 1956, Dr. Young began his internship at University Hospitals of Western Reserve University and completed his residency there in pathology in 1960. He is a member of ten scientific societies including the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Science and was awarded an honorary doctor of science degrees from Roberts Wesleyan College, Rochester, 1983 and from Houghton College in Houghton, New York 1984. Dr. Young has served on more than 24 hospital and medical center committees, the Doctoral Review Council of the State of New York in New York, and delivered many invited lectures at national and international conferences. Dr. Young has served on NIH advisory committees, including the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (1979-80), Microbiology Training Study Section (1972)–73), the Bacteriology and Mycology Study Section (1975-79), and was chairman of the Microbial Genetics Study Section (1981-82). He also was a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee for Virology and Cell Biology Study Section of the American Cancer Society (1974-79). Mr. WHITTEN. We will be glad to have you proceed, Dr. Young. You can introduce yourself and the others. Your prepared statement will appear in the record, but you might touch on the high spots if you prefer to do it that way. Dr. YOUNG. Thank you very much. I would like to introduce Dr. Mason, who is the Acting Assistant Secretary for Health. On my right is Tom Scarlett, who is our General Counsel. Mr. Meyer, who is our person dealing with budgets. Mr. WHITTEN. He is your anchor man, isn't he? Dr. YOUNG. He is. He does an exceptionally fine job and this younger fellow that he brought along with him, Frank Claunts, who put a large amount of the testimony together. And, sir, if Dr. Mason can just make his remarks I would continue from there. Mr. WHITTEN. I'll be glad to have you proceed. DR. MASON'S STATEMENT Dr. MASON. Chairman Whitten, I am delighted to have this opportunity to be here today. It's a pleasure to accompany Dr. Young and his staff and to be here in support of FDA's budget request. The Public Health Service, as you know, is committed to the achievement of better health for our nation's people through such things as disease prevention, health promotion and the maintenance of a strong research capability. FDA's primary goal is to protect and promote the public health through the effective use and enforcement of its authority. It must rely upon a firm scientific foundation. We are very fortunate in having Commissioner Young's leadership and excellent expertise. At this time, Mr. Chairman, I would be pleased if you would recognize him to present the FDA opening statement. Mr. WHITTEN. Dr. Young. DR. YOUNG'S STATEMENT Dr. YOUNG. Mr. Chairman, I will just summarize very briefly in view of your heavy schedule. I would first like to emphasize that I am particularly pleased to be at the hearing because of my firm commitment and the agency's |