comprehending not only the progressive division of labor, and the increasing complexity of each industrial agency, but also the successive forms of industrial government as passing through like phases with political government. VOL. III. VII. LINGUAL PROGRESS.-The evolution of Languages regarded as a psychological process determined by social conditions. VIII. INTELLECTUAL PROGRESS.-Treated from the same point of view: including the growth of classifications; the evolution of science out of common knowledge; the advance from qualitative to quantitative prevision, from the indefinite to the definite, and from the concrete to the abstract. IX. ESTHETIC PROGRESS.-The Fine Arts similarly dealt with tracing their gradual differentiation from primitive institutions and from each other; their increasing varieties of development; and their advance in reality of expression and superiority of aim. X. MORAL PROGRESS.-Exhibiting the genesis of the slow emotional modifications which human nature undergoes in its adaptation to the social state. XI. THE CONSENSUS.-Treating of the necessary interdependence of structures and of functions in each type of society, and in the successive phases of social development.* THE PRINCIPLES OF MORALITY. VOL. I PART I. THE DATA OF MORALITY.-Generalizations furnished by Biology, Psychology, and Sociology, which underlie a true theory of right living: in other words, the elements of that equilibrium between constitution and conditions of existence, which is at once the moral ideal and the limit towards which we are progressing. II. THE INDUCTIONS OF MORALITY.-Those empirically established rules of human action which are registered as essential laws by all civilized nations: that is to say-the generalizations of expediency. III. PERSONAL MORALS.-The principles of private conduct-physical, intellectual, moral, and religious-that follow from the conditions to complete individual life: or, what is the same thing, those modes of private action * Of this treatise on Sociology, a few small fragments may be found in already-published essays. Some of the ideas to be developed in Part II. are indicated in an article on "The Social Organism," contained in the last number of the Westminster Review; those which Part V. will work out, may be gathered from the first half of a paper written some years since on "Manners and Fashion:" of Part VIII. the germs are contained in an article on the "Genesis of Science," two papers on "The Origin and Function of Music," and "The Philosophy of Style," contain some ideas to be embodied in Part IX., and from a criticism of Mr. Bain's work on "The Emotions and the Will," in the last number of the Medico-Chirurgical Review, the central ides to be developed in Part X. may be inferred. EVOLUTION PHILOSOPHY. which must result from the eventual equilibration of internal desires and external needs. VOL. II. IV. JUSTICE.-The mutual limitations of men's actions necessitated by their co-existence as units of a society-limitations, the perfect observance of which constitutes that state of equilibrium forming the goal of political progress. V. NEGATIVE BENEFICENCE.-Those secondary limitations, similarly necessitated, which, though less important and not cognizable by law, are yet requisite to prevent mutual destruction of happiness in various indirect ways: in other words-those minor self-restraints dictated by what may be called passive sympathy. VI. POSITIVE BENEFICENCE.-Comprehending all modes of conduct, dictated by active sympathy, which imply pleasure in giving pleasure-modes of conduct that social adaptation has induced and must render ever more general; and which, in becoming universal, must fill to the full the possible measure of human happiness.* [The foregoing Prospectus of Spencer's Evolution Philosophy is inserted here as a record of priority in the elucidation of this extensive subject. Mr. Spencer began the study of "Progress" and "Development" in his youth, and published upon the political application of the doctrine at the age of twenty-two. After this, he pursued the subject vigorously, systematically, and independently, for many years working out and extending its principles and applications, until, in 1854, he arrived at the conception of evolution as a universal process of Nature. Many suppose that Darwin was the first in this modern field of inquiry, and that Spencer is largely indebted to him for his ideas. But Mr. Spencer had mastered the whole subject and reduced it to method, had worked out the general principles of the Evolution theory and their application to Biology, Psychology, Sociology, and Morality-in fact, had wrought its principles into a comprehensive philosophical system-before Mr. Darwin had ever published a word in relation to it. Spencer's programme of the Evolution Philosophy, in ten volumes in logical order, giving their detailed contents under thirty-three consecutive heads, as shown above, was printed in London, in March, 1860, but was drawn up in its present form the preceding year, before the "Origin of Species" appeared. The writer has seen a still earlier manuscript form of this Prospectus, embracing seven volumes instead of ten, but laying out the same subjects in the same order, and by the same method that was written out, and became a matter of private correspondence in 1858. Mr. Spencer, moreover, applied the doctrine of evolution to the science of mind twenty-five years ago, in his remarkable work entitled "The Principles of Psychology," published in 1855; and it is shown by the notes to the Prospectus that he had publicly contributed much to the development of the subject years before this outline of it appeared. January 2, 1880. E. L. Y.] *Part IV. of the Principles of Morality will be coextensive (though not identical) with the first half of the writer's Social Statics. HERBERT SPENCER'S WORKS. Synthetic Philosophy : FIRST PRINCIPLES. I vol., 12mo. $2.00. THE PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY. 2 vols., 12mo. $4.00. Essays Scientific, Political, and Speculative. edition. 3 vols., 12mo. $6.co. New Social Statics, Abridged and Revised; and THE MAN versus THE STATE. I vol., 12mo. $2.00. The Study of Sociology. I vol., 12mo. $1.50. Education. I vol., 12mo. Paper, 50 cents; cloth, $1.25. The Inadequacy of "Natural Selection." 12mo. Pa per, 30 cents. Descriptive Sociology. A Cyclopædia of Social Facts. 8 vols., folio. $35.00. New York: D. APPLETON & CO., 72 Fifth Avenue. |