Pulp and Paper Products.-There was a further increase in employment in pulp and paper mills at the beginning of July, when 814 persons were added to the working force of the 453 firms furnishing statistics, whose staffs aggregated 56,094. This advance, which took place chiefly in Ontario, was practically the same as that noted on the corresponding date of 1925, but the situation then was very much less favourable. The index number on July 1, 1926, at 110.0, was higher than in any other period of the record.

Textile Products.-Partial recovery from the seasonal losses indicated of the two preceding months was indicated in textiles on the date under review. Employment was in greater volume than on July 1, 1925, when the downward movement was also checked. Cotton

mills were slacker in the preceding month, but garment, personal furnishing, hosiery and knitting factories reported larger staffs. The gain was chiefly confined to Ontario and the Prairie Provinces, while elsewhere further moderate declines were noted. Returns were compiled from 511 manufacturers with 71,006 employees, as compared with 70,812 in the preceding month.

Tobacco, Distilled and Malt Liquors.Employment in tobacco works and breweries in Quebec and Ontario showed a further

falling off; 101 firms reduced their staffs from 11,812 on June 1 to 11,624 workers on the date under review. Conditions were not quite so good as on July 1, 1925.

Chemicals and Allied Products.-For the first time since the beginning of this year, there was a reduction in employment in chemical works. The decrease, which took place largely in Quebec and Ontario, repeats that noted at the beginning of July a year ago, when the index was lower. A combined working force of 6,428 persons was employed by the 111 firms making return, as against 6,611 on June 1.

Clay, Glass and Stone Products.-Continued, but less extensive improvement was registered in this division, chiefly in stone yards. The gain was fairly well distributed over the country, except that moderate curtailment was shown in British Columbia. The payrolls of the 121 employers whose reports were received aggregated 10,620, an increase of 218 workers over the preceding month. Activity was considerably greater than on the same date last year, although the movement then was also favourable.

Electric Current.-Further expansion was reported in electric current factories, chiefly in Quebec. The gain exceeded that made on

of this year, 1,024 persons being released from the payrolls of the 632 manufacturers making returns. They employed 128,585 workers. Curtailment has been indicated on July 1 of every year of the record, but the decline this year was the smallest ever recorded on that date; the index number stood over 12 points higher than at the beginning of July, 1925. The reductions were reported chiefly in automobile and other vehicle factories and in rolling mills, in the Maritime Provinces, Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. Agricultural implements, on afforded more employment.

the other hand,

Non-Ferrous Metal Products.-Smelters and refineries and other industries coming under this heading recorded heightened activity 347 workers being added to the forces of the 106 co-operating establishments, which had 14,621 employees on July 1. Conditions were much better than on the corresponding date in 1925, when an increase on a much smaller scale was reported. The bulk of the gain during the month under review was in Ontario.

Logging

There was a reduction of 3,768 men in the staff of the 212 reporting logging firms, whose payrolls included 17,407 at the beginning of July. Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia shared in this seasonal curtailment of operations. The decline was smaller than that noted on July 1 last year, when employment was in rather less volume.

Mining

Coal. There was a further recovery in coal mining the gain exceeding that indicated on the same date in 1925, on which index was very slightly lower. Statements were received from 86 operators employing 24,227 workers or 563 more than in the preceding month. The improvement was reported in the Maritime Provinces.

Metallic Ores.-An increase in employment was registered in this group according to 48 establishments having 11,314 employees. Activity was less than at the beginning of July a year ago.

Communication

Telephones and telegraphs were more active, 182 companies and branches enlarging their pay rolls from 24,334 persons on June 1 to 24,612 on the date under review. Employment was above its level at the commencement of July, 1925.

Transportation

Street Railways and Cartage. Further improvement was indicated in these industries on July 1, when 547 employees were added

25251-5

to the working forces of the 111 reporting firms, bringing them up to 19,811. Practically all the increase was recorded in Quebec. The number of persons employed in local transportation was greater than on the corresponding date last year, the index number was, in fact, higher than in any month of 1925 or 1924.

Steam Railways.-The trend of employment continued to be favourable, especially in Quebec, Ontario and the Prairie Provinces. A combined working force of 76,868 persons was employed by the 99 reporting companies and divisional superintendents, as compared with 75,453 in the preceding month. This increase was not as large as that noted on July 1, 1925, although the index number then was slightly lower.

Shipping and Stevedoring.-Repeating the downward movement indicated on the same date last year, there was a falling off in employment on July 1, but the situation was better than it was at midsummer in 1925. Fifty-nine firms in this industry employed 15,968 persons, as against 17,154 in their last report. Employment at Quebec and Ontario ports was more active while there was curtailment in the Maritime Provinces and British Columbia, that in the former being seasonal in character.

Construction and Maintenance

Building. Continued important gains were indicated in building construction on July 1, when 3,067 workers were added to the payrolls of the 329 contractors reporting, who had 34,959 employees. All provinces except British Columbia shared in this increase, which exceeded that noted on the corresponding date of last year. The index number, at 183.8, was higher than in any other month; of the record, which was begun in 1920.

Highways.-There was a further pronounced expansion in employment in this industry, according to 114 contractors whose payrolls included 21,014 persons, as against 12,824 in the preceding month. Employment gained largely in all except the Prairie Provinces, but rather more extensive improvement was noted on July 1 a year ago.

Railways.-Activity on roadbeds continued to increase, 4,079 more persons being employed by the 35 divisional superintendents and contractors making returns, who had 55,348 workers on July 1. This gain was considerably greater than that reported on the same date in 1925, when the index number was a great deal lower.

months from 1922 to date. It will be seen that the curve remained on the same level during both January and February of this year. In March there was a slight downward tendency and the April trend was similar to that of the previous month. During May and June there were further downward projections, the situation at the end of the latter month being more favourable than that registered in June, 1924 and 1925.

Owing to unemployment among lumber workers and loggers in British Columbia, the situation in that province during April was much less favourable than in March. In Quebec also, conditions were unfavourable due to inactivity in the garment trades. No change in the situation occurred in Alberta. In the remaining provinces, in all of which gains were reported, that of 4.1 per cent in Ontario was the most pronounced. Employment in the manufacturing industries declined partially owing to the reductions in the garment and textile trades. The building trades showed an 8 per cent increase in the members working and a slightly higher level of employment was maintained by transportation workers. Lumber workers and loggers on the other hand reported considerable slackness.

During May, unions in all provinces except New Brunswick and Alberta were afforded more employment than in April, the increase in Nova Scotia being most substantial due to increased work for coal miners. The situation in Alberta was also affected by coal mining but adversely. The change in New Brunswick was merely nominal in character. Practically no change was reported in the manufacturing industries as compared with April, though there were fluctuations throughout the various trades. The coal mining situation improved considerably as did also the building and construction trades. Employment for transportation workers was in slightly greater volume, the steam and street electric railway and navigation divisions all contributing to the gain. Lumber workers and loggers were much busier.

Improvement during June as compared with May was general throughout the various provinces except Manitoba where a nominal decline was recorded. Of the gains, none were particularly outstanding, ranging from 0.3 per cent in Nova Scotia to 2.3 per cent in Alberta. The situation in the manufacturing industries was slightly more favourable, owing chiefly to greater activity among bakers, cigarmakers, leather and iron and steel workers. The lumber and logging industry reported no idle members. There were further advances in employment in the building trades but a nominal change only among 25251-5

transportation workers. The situation in the coal mining industry improved.

Table I on this page summarizes the returns by provinces for each month from April, 1922, and Table III on page 808 shows the percentages of unemployment reported in the different groups of industries also by months from April, 1922.

During April, unions in the manufacturing industries registered over 2 per cent more employment than in the corresponding month of last year, greater activity among garment, iron and steel and glass workers, cigar makers, metal polishers, paper makers and printing tradesmen all contributing to the increase. Textile and hat and cap makers, on the other hand, were slacker. An almost 6 per cent (Continued on page 806)

TABLE I-PERCENTAGES OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN TRADE UNIONS BY PROVINCES

Month

April 1922. May 1922. June 1922. July 1922. Aug. 1922 Sept 1922. Oct. 1922. Nov. 1922. Dec. 1922. Jan. 1923. Feb. 1923. March 1923. April 1923. May 1923. June 1923. July 1923. Aug. 1923. Sept. 1923. Oct. 1923. Nov. 1923. Dec. 1923. Jan. 1924. Feb. 1924. March 1924. April 1924. May 1924. June 1924. July 1924. Aug. 1924. Sept. 1924. Oct. 1924. Nov. 1924. Dec. 1924. Jan. 1925 Feb. 1925. March 1925. April 1925. May 1925. June 1925. July 1925. Aug. 1925. Sept. 1925. Oct. 1925. Νον. 1925. Dec. 1925. Jan. 1926. Feb. 1926. Mar. 1926. April 1926. May 1926. June 1926.

8-712-319-510-4

20.0 3.5 10-6 5-9 14-9 12.1 3.111-4 3-9 7-1 6-4 5-910-9 8-7 7.2 3.5 5.4 3.9 6.7 5.0 7.1 7.1 5.3 2.0 3.3 5.5 2.8 5.5 3.1 5.0 5.9 4.1 2.4 2.8 5.4 2.5 1.6 2.8 3-6 6-1 3-6 1.5 2.1 5.1 1-9 7 5 1.4 4.8 2.8 1-3 2-4 5-9 1.9 5.2 1.4 2.510-6 3.9 3.0 3.4 11.9 2.2 5.7 2.5 2.9 11-4 6-2 3.2 6.1 7-8 4-7 7-8 4-1 5.1 13-3 6-4 3.4 5.0 6.0 6-7 12-8 5-7 8-516-6 7-8 5.7 1.7 6.4 7.0 9-5 5-2 4-8 6-4 6-4 3.0 1.4 7.3 5.5 8.5 5.0 7-6 14-0 6-8 2.2 .5 4.9 2.8 8.3 3.711-9 5-4 4-6 1.3 1.0 9-1 1-5 5-4 2.0 7.6 2.4 4.5 2-2 1-0 5-7 1-6 5-6 1-3 4-5 4.0 3.4 2.5 1-0 4-4 1-7 3-1 1-3 5-8 2-3 2.9

5 4 2.2 2.2 3.4 1.0 3.6 2.0 2.2 1.5 1.7 2-3 2-1 .8 1.1 1.9 2.4 2.0 4.3 3.2 9.5 2-8 2-2 1-8 3-1 3-1 4-8 2.4 3.9 12-0 4-2 3-2 3-2 6-5 3.7 6.2 7.3 3-6 9-7 6-4 6-5 4-2 6-0 7-17-2 9.5 3.0 9.0 7.5 7.3 5.3 5.3 6-4 7-5 3-1 2-7 7-9 9-1 8-0 4-8 7-6 8-1 7-8 3-6 3-6 8-7 7.0 7-4 6-5 5-3 3-2 6-7 2-2 4-5 6-3 5-4 7-2 5-2 4-1 2-2 5-1 1.6 3.2 13-7 5.8 6-1 1-6 4-7 3-6 7-3 6.4 5.2 9-4 4-9 4-9 2-3 3-7 2.2 5.8 2.6 3-6 7-8 4.6 5.7 5.5 3.8 3.8 5.4 9.2 3.1 8.9 5.8 4.4 4.4 5-7 4-7 6-5 9.3 2.9 7.6 5.1 7.2 4.0 4.7 4.3 5.9 2-5 4-3 10-5 4-5 6-1 3-2 8.1 8.9 6.8 7.3 4.5 18.1 5-4 5-2 4-2 7-111-7 9-7 4-7 6-9 22.4 8.1 8.9 4.2 5.0 10.2 11.6 9-2 5-4 14-1 9-212-8 4-5 8.1 7.0 10-2 8.8 4.2 11.4 9.2 9.0 5.3 9.7 9-4 9.5 3.7 2.4 11-6 7-2 8-2 6-6 11-2 7-8 8.5 2.0 4.513-6 6-2 6-5 4-115-6 6-6 8-7 3.9 3.2 11.7 3.5 5.8 4.616-4 3-4 7-0 3-4 3-4 10-2 3-8 4-3 2-4 10-8 4-1 6-1 2-2 2-5 6-4 4-5 3-4 3-3 9-6 4-6 5-2 7-2 4-2 6-0 3-8 2-8 1-3 3.0 3.5 4.4 6-6 3-0 10-9 3-7 1.7 0.8 2.6 5.2 5-7 3-9 2-1 10-6 3-1 1.8 1.0 3-7 4-4 5-1 4.4 4.7 9-8 4-4 2-0 2-5 3-5 6-1 5-7 4-3 3-0 14-2 6-4 3.8 3.5 4.4 6.9 7.9 17.8 2-8 8-6 8-4 7-6 5-6 4-2 6-9 8-1 22.2 2-2 6-6 7-9 8-7 8-7 6-8 6-7 8-1 19-0 2-7 6-5 8-4 7-0 6.8 4.6 3.0 7.3 17.2 1.8 11-0 4-3 4-9 4-7 4-6 7-9 7-3 4.1 2.6 10.0 2.8 1.8 2.3 7.2 3.0 4.9 3.8 1-6 8-9 1.9 2.6 .8 4.9 2.6 4.1