that Wolfe, at the battle on the Plains of Abraham, had eight thousand soldiers, or a little less than double his actual force.
Having stated, as above, that Murray marched out of Quebec with at least 7,714 effective troops, Garneau, not very consistently, goes on to say that he advanced against Lévis with six thousand or seven thousand men; and he adds that the two armies were about equal, because Lévis had left some detachments behind to guard his boats and artillery. The number of the French, after they had all reached the field, was, in truth, about seven thousand; at the beginning of the fight it seems not to have exceeded five thousand. The Relation de la seconde Bataille de Québec says: "Notre petite armée consistoit au moment de l'action en 3,000 hommes de troupes reglées et 2,000 Canadiens ou sauvages.” A large number of Canadians came up from Sillery while the affair went on; and as the whole French army, except the detachments mentioned by Garneau, had passed the night at no greater distance from the field than Ste.-Foy and Sillery, the last man must have reached it before the firing was half over.
Abenakis, the, i. 23, 40, 209, 480;
settled in Canada, i. 23; at Fort
Duquesne, i. 154; assist the Cana-
dian militia, i. 371, 372; called to a
council of war by Montcalm, i. 485–
489; position of the English at
Fort William Henry, i. 499; the
massacre at Fort William Henry
(see William Henry, Fort), i. 510-
513, ii. 428-431; evidence concern-
ing the massacre, i. 514 note; their
conversion to Christianity, i. 514
note; seize the messengers of Am-
herst, ii. 251; Rogers sent to destroy
one of their towns, ii. 251, 253-258
note; their cruelty, ii. 253, 255; the
St. Francis settlement, ii. 253, 254;
statistics of warriors at the siege of
Quebec, ii. 436, 437.
Abercromby, General James, i. 165
note; to supersede Webb in com-
mand of the army, i. 383; to resign
in favor of Earl Loudon, i. 383;
arrives at Albany, i. 399; sends a
letter of approbation to Rogers, i.
445; Loudon recalled from office, ii.
48; succeeds Loudon in command,
ii. 48; to lead the expedition against
Louisbourg, ii. 48; Amherst pre-
vented from co-operation with, ii.
75; the rejoicing at the fall of
Louisbourg, ii 76, 77; Amherst plans
to assist him at Lake George, ii. 80;
expedition led by, against Ticonde-
roga, ii. 85-113 note; his camp at
Lake George, ii. 88; his leadership,
ii. 89, 240; number of his troops, ii.
88, 89; his opinion of Lord Howe,
ii. 89; statistics of the expedition
against Ticonderoga, ii. 91, 92, 431-
433; the passage of Lake George,
ii. 92-94; the army lost in the
woods, ii. 95; effect of the death of
Lord Howe upon his army, ii. 97,
98; the army reaches the Falls, ii.
98, 99; statements concerning the
French defences, ii. 100, 101; dif-
ferent courses of action open to,
ii. 101, 102; the eve of battle, ii. 103,
104; order of the assault, ii. 105-
107; his encounter with Montcalm
at Ticonderoga, ii. 106-110; his
retreat, ii. 110, 111, 114, 115,
165, 238; his losses, ii. 110, 432,
433; a disgraceful order sent to
Colonel Cummings, ii. 114; nick-
name given to, by the Provincials,
ii. 115; visited by the chaplains,
ii. 117; sends a war-party into
the woods, ii. 121-123; despatches
Bradstreet to capture Fort Fron-
tenac, ii. 127; receives news of the
fall of Fort Frontenac, ii. 127;
Fort Frontenac dismantled, ii. 129;
joined by Amherst, ii. 129; his
camp broken up, ii. 130; neglects
to assist Forbes's army, ii. 157; Am-
herst's superior leadership, ii. 240;
his letter to Pitt, ii. 432.
Abraham an Indian, i. 174.
Abraham Martin, his name given to
the Heights of Abraham, ii. 289.
Abraham, the Heights of, ii. 259,
408, 438-441; Wolfe discovers a
path ascending the cliff, ii. 272,
273; general belief in the safety
of the heights, ii. 275, 276; as-
cent of the troops under Wolfe's
direction, ii. 281, 287; statistics
concerning Wolfe's army, and the
action upon, ii. 438–441.
Abraham, the Plains of, ii. 200, 298
note, 327, 357; inaccessibility of, ii.
260; Guienne's troops not at their
post, ii. 285; origin of the name, and
description of, ii. 289; the fall of
Quebec, ii. 302-324, 325 note, 326
note, 444.
Acadia, i. 178, 486: population of, i.
20, 94, 124, 264, 284; attacks made
on New England, i. 28; questions of
boundary, i. 90, 122-128, 184, 236-
238, 259; conquest of, by Nicholson
in 1710, i. 90; conditions of resi-
dence for French subjects, i. 90, 91;
conflict for, i. 90-127; English power
in, i. 92; the naval station at Che-
bucto, i. 92, 93; ceded to England
by France, i. 93, 94; determination
of the French to recover it, i. 93-95;
six principal parishes of, i. 94; docu-
ments on the affairs of, i. 94-96;
religion, priests, and government
of, i. 94, 99, 100, 107, 259, 260, at-
tention given by Count Raymond
to the affairs of, i. 102; wretched
condition of the emigrants from, i.
109, 110; Joseph Le Loutre, the
vicar-general of, i. 113; Beaubassin
occupied by the English, i. 115-120;
emigration encouraged by the
French, i. 116; the question of
French or English ownership, i. 123,
124, 184, 236, 239, ii. 405; need of
communication between Quebec and
Cape Breton, i. 123; the census of,
i. 124; expedition against, to be led
by Lieutenant-Colonel Monckton, i.
194; sad condition of the people of,
i. 234, 235; the French use the inhab-
itants to carry on their war-parties,
i. 235; questions of policy for the
French and English in Acadia, i. 236-
241; probability of French invasion,
i. 237; importance of her harbors, i.
237; arrival of the English troops,
i. 246, 247; conditions leading to the
expulsion of the inhabitants from, i.
253-266; removal of the inhabitants
from their homes, 255, 266-284;
encampment of the New England
troops, i. 269, 270; tour of inspec-
tion made by Winslow, i. 271; ar-
rival of the vessels of transport at
Nova Scotia, i. 276; arrival of
Saul with provisions, i. 278, 279;
embarkation of the Acadians, i.
279-281; return of a portion of the
exiles, i, 283; the act of expatria-
tion criticised, i. 284; families of
British stock settle in, i. 284; cap-
ture of forts by the English, i. 328;
plans of Vaudreuil for conquest, ii.
178.
Acadians, the, i. 93; religious privi-
leges accorded to, by the treaty of
Utrecht, i. 91, 256; required to take
the oath of allegiance to England,
i. 91, 92, 235, 260; influence of the
French upon, i. 91, 93-124, 235-237,
242-245; their religion, i. 91, 95,
259, 260, 281; their hostility to the
English encouraged by the French
priests, i. 91, 98-107, 109, 113, 114,
121, 122, 235, 236, 238, 257, 259, 260,
262, 264, ii. 419-421; the war of
1745, i. 92; form of the oath of alle-
giance, i. 92 note, 265; their condi-
tion and numbers from 1748 to 1752,
i. 93, 94; official papers relating to,
i. 94-96; taught to love France, and
to call themselves French subjects,
i. 94, 235, 237, 243, 245, 253, 257;
treatment received from the Eng-
lish, and mildness of their rule, i.
95-97, 235, 236, 261, ii. 418, 419;
quotations from Roma, alluding to,
i. 96, 97; their fear of the Indians,
i. 96, 108, 114, 235; join the Indian
war-parties of the French against
the English, i. 97, 103, 104, 262,
264, 275, ii. 419-421; their neu-
trality, i. 97, 258; their oath of
allegiance to be made more binding,
i. 97, 98; deputies sent to meet
Cornwallis at Halifax, i. 97, 98;
their refusal to take an unqualified
oath of allegiance to George II., i.
97, 98; promise good behavior and
a reasonable compliance, i. 98; order
of Cornwallis issued to, concerning
the oath, i. 98, 99; plans of the
French to recover their possessions,
i. 98-100; their covert war, i. 99-105;
advised by Desherbiers and others
to refuse the oath of allegiance, i.
101, 106; letters from French officials
showing their secret work against the
English, i. 101; encouraged by the
French to emigrate to French lands,
i. 102, 108-110; testimony of Pré-
vost concerning, i. 105; cruelly and
dishonorably treated by the priest
Le Loutre, f. 108-110, 113-122, 235–
238, 242-245, ii. 420, 421; wretch-
edness of the emigrants after leav-
ing their English farms, i. 109,
110, 119, 120-122, 235-238, 243–245,
265, 266; speech of Cornwallis to
the deputies, i. 110, 111, 112; treat-
ment received from Hopson, i. 112,
113; French method of terrifying,
by using the Micmacs, i. 113, 114;
occupation of Beaubassin by the Eng-
lish, i. 115-120; disaffection among,
i. 116; forcibly removed by the
French from Beaubassin, and obliged
to live on French ground, i. 116; the
murder of Captain Howe, i. 118, 119;
a French fort to be built on Beau-
séjour, i. 119, 120; ordered to swear
allegiance to France, i. 120, 121;
contest between French and English,
i. 120-122; proclamation of Law-
rence concerning, i. 121; absurd
demands of Le Loutre, i. 121; a por-
|