Since writing these Notes and Queries I have found or been furnished with answers to some of the latter, but first I must correct an error in my Notes. The family name of Isabella, wife of Richard Rawson, the sheriff of London in 1476, was not Trafford, but Craford.

One of her sons, John, mentioned in her will as a knight of Rhodes, bore two coats quarterly the first is, parted per fess undée, sa. and az. a castle with 4 towers arg. (Rawson); the second is, Or, on a chevron, vert, 3 ravens heads erased, arg. (Craford), ensigned all over with a chief gules, and thereon a cross of the third. (Gwillim's Display of Heraldry, p. 435.)

This Sir John Rawson was elected Prior of Kilmainham in 1511, and by order of King Henry VIII. was sworn of the Privy Council of Ireland. In 1517 he was Lord Treasurer of that kingdom. In 1526, on the request of King Henry VIII. to the Grand Master, he was appointed Turcopolier of the Order of Knights of St. John, which office he exchanged with Sir John Babington for the dignity of Prior of Ireland, and in 33rd Henry VIII. he surrendered the Priory of Kilmainham to the king, obtaining a pension of 500 marks out of the estates of the hospital, and as he had sate in the Irish House of Lords as Prior of Kilmainham, he exchanged his spiritual dignity for a temporal peerage, being created Viscount Clontarff. (Query if for life only.)

This title became extinct in 1560; I presume upon his death: but he is said to have left a daughter, Catherine, married to Rowland Whyte, second Baron of the Exchequer. (Notices of Babingtons, Knts. of St. John, Gentleman's Mag. for June, 1856, p. 564. Archdall's Monasticon Hibernicum, title Kilmainham.)

The names of Alured and Averey are identical. See "Charters of Marrigg Abbey (Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, vol. v. p. 246. et seq.) as to Alvered or Averye Uvedale.

Mr. Hunter in his History of the Deanery of Doncaster, gives a pedigree of the Rawsons of Bessacar Grange, from the Visitations of 1563, 1585, and 1612, wherein Henry Rawson of Bessacar Grange, Averey Rawson, and Christopher Rawson, appear to have been sons of James Raw

son of Fryston; and he says that Henry Rawson, in his will, dated May 12, 1500, mentions his brothers, Averey and Christopher Rawson, merchants in London; but Averey and Christopher Rawson were undoubtedly sons of Richard Rawson, the sheriff, as appears from the wills of their father and mother, and that of Christopher; and, therefore, unless there were two Avereys and two Christophers merchants in London at the same time, there must be an error in the pedigree; and it is probable that Henry Rawson of Bessacar, and his brothers, Averey and Christopher, sons of Richard Rawson, were not sons, but nephews or grandsons of James Rawson, of Fryston.

I am still desirous of knowing.

1. In what part of Essex the Crafords (not Traffords) were seated.

2. The place of interment of Dr. Richard Rawson, Archdeacon of Essex, and Dean of Windsor, ob. 1543, if any monument remains of him, and a reference to his will.

3. The like as to Sir John Rawson, Prior of Kilmainham, and afterwards Viscount Clontarff, ob. (as I presume) 1560.

4. Any further particulars of him or his descendants, through his daughter, Catherine, wife of Rowland Whyte.

5. Was that Rowland Whyte the Sir Rowland Whytt, mentioned in Mr. Winthrop's List of Knights of St. John (A° 1528), in N. & Q." (1st S. viii. 192.); and Sir Rowland Whyte, mentioned in Gentleman's Magazine, June, 1856, p. 569., as having been appointed, with Sir James Babington to the commandery of Swinfield, Kent. The arms of Sir John Rawson as given by Gwillim, i.e. Rawson and Craford quarterly, ensigned over with the Cross of the Order of St. John, were in one of the windows of Swingfield church. (Hasted's Kent, vol. viii. (8vo.) p. 125.) Was he buried there?

6. The connexion between the present families of Rawsons in Yorkshire and Lancashire, and those of Fryston, Bessacar, London, and Essex before mentioned, through the Rawsons of Shipley or otherwise. G. R. C.

with useful Notes and Observations, on the further Improvement of this part of Ireland. Embellished with a large Map of the County from an actual Survey; a Perspective View of the Lake of Killarney, and other Plates. Undertaken with the Approbation of the Physico-Historical Society. By Charles Smith, Author of the Natural

and Civil Histories of the Counties of Cork and Waterford." Then a Latin motto from Pliny, which it is not here necessary to give, followed by-"Dublin: printed for the Author, and sold by Messrs. Ewing, Faulkner, Wilson, and Exshaw, MDCCLVI."

The title of my later purchase is

"The Ancient and Present State of the County of Kerry. Containing a Natural, Civil, Ecclesiastical, Historical and Topographical Description thereof. By Charles Smith, M.D., Author of the Natural and Civil Histories of the Counties of Cork and Waterford " Then the same quotation from Pliny as on the other title page, after which a vignette of the Irish harp, between two branches, followed by" Dublin: printed for the Author."

Facing this latter title is a portrait of "C. Smith, M.D.," the author. The books are in all other respects the same, except that the "contents' " leaf is placed before the "dedication" in the copy lately obtained; but the paging settles this.

I have seen several copies of Smith's Kerry, and I do not remember that any of them had the portrait except two-my own and one other. Can any one explain for me, why the title-pages of my two copies are different? and why one has the portrait, which the other has not? Has the second title, above given (without date, as will have been observed), been substituted for the original one, and the portrait added by some bookseller after the first publication of the work?

BIRCH'S "LIVES."

R. H.

Wishing to ascertain the relative value and estimation of a particular edition of Birch's Lives of Illustrious Men, with portraits by Houbraken and Vertue, I have consulted such bibliographical works on the subject as were within my reach, and am surprised to find them generally so unsatisfactory.

Lowndes mentions the edit. Lond. 1743, 52 pl., two vols., saying that two hundred copies were struck off on large paper, viz. one hundred before, and one hundred after the small paper copies. Also, that an edition, with retouched impressions of the plates, appeared in 1813, on small and large paper.

Dibdin, in his Library Companion, says that in 1743 came forth in one magnificent folio volume Dr. Birch's Heads of Illustrious Persons, but does not mention the second volume in 1752. In a subsequent note he describes the edition of 1756; he doubts as to there being three sorts of paper, small, royal, and imperial, as noticed by Brunet.

Dr. Kippis, Biogr. Brit., article "Birch," says the first volume of this work, which came out in

numbers, was completed in 1747, and the second in 1752.

Brunet gives the edition 1743-52, two tom. in one. He calls the edition of 1756 the second edition, in which the plates are generally chiffres, which those of the first edition are not.

De Bure gives only the edition of London, 1756.

Now this appears a loose and imperfect account of this celebrated publication, since none of these bibliographers, except Dr. Kippis, appear to mention the edition which I have before me, viz. Lond. 1747, two vols. in one, and which may properly be considered as the second edition — as far as relates to the letter-press for that, no doubt, as Dibdin mentions, was several times reprinted, but the plates in my copy are, I conceive, of the first impression.

I should be glad to receive a more precise and full account of the several editions of this work, and to learn whether there is any material difference between them in the estimation of book collectors. R. G.

Minor Queries.

Admission of Foreigners to Corporation Honours. -A CITIZEN OF EDINBURGH desires information on

the point as to whether a foreigner not natureceive the freedom of a city or other municiralised by Act of Parliament, or otherwise, can by the fact of the freedom of the city of Edinpality in this country. The question is suggested burgh having been conferred on Dr. D'Aubigné, the historian of the Reformation, during a visit made to Scotland recently by that distinguished and estimable man.

Crests and Mottoes. The subjoined extract, from the National Index to the Harl. Mis. (vol. ii. p. 43.), suggests a question not undeserving the attention of your correspondents versed in heraldry:

"Num. 1422., art. 16. Arms (mostly without crests) given in the time of Henry 5; and since, in the reigns of Henry 6th, Edward 4th, Richard 3rd, Henry 7, and Henry 8th, &c. &c."

Without assuming or denying the fact, that occasionally arms were granted during the period of those reigns without crests, it is but a reasonable question to ask why many coats do not possess the usual, and frequently the most significant additions of a crest?

The same Query may be extended to the motto, or rather the omission of a cherished sentence or abbreviated allusion to some event sought to be recorded, and interesting to the bearer's family.

The omission, in both instances, is not to be doubted; but, whether station in society, merit, services, or pecuniary considerations had any in

fluence on the matter, is the question to which an explanatory reply is requested. HENRY DAVENEY.

Christian Names. What is the meaning of the practice which prevails in the United States, of inserting between a man's Christian name and surname a letter of the alphabet? Is this part of his baptismal name, and the initial of a second Christian name, or the name itself? It seems that in our own country a letter may be, and sometimes is, a good name of baptism. In the case of The Queen v. Dale, 17 Queen's Bench Reports, p. 66., Lord Campbell, C. J., said, with reference to an objection that the name of a person mentioned in a declaration was not stated

in full:

F.

-I

Medal of Charles I. and Henrietta Maria. have in my possession an oval silver medal, with the head of Charles I. on one side, and on the other that of Henrietta his queen. This medal is said to have been made from the plate melted up by the nobility and gentry for the king's service, and to have been worn as a badge of loyalty. It has a small ring at each end, as if to sew it on to the hat or coat. Can any of the readers of "N. & Q." give me any information respecting it?

G. H. C. (A Subscriber.) Passports. In the case of the present disturbed state of feeling betwixt this country and the United States, the word passports occurs. It may be worth while to inquire what this means, and whether it is not a mere meaningless term, borrowed from another and different domestic policy than obtains in the one case and the other. In Russia or France, for example, a passport is necessary in order that one may be entitled to enter the country, and I assume the same authorisation is necessary in leaving. But in the United Kingdom and in the States, locomotion is free to everybody whatever, not detained in a regular way as a criminal or debtor. What is free to a private party is certainly no less the right of an ambassador. Still, as the word passports is used, I would be glad if some of your correspondents would explain what it means in the specific case indicated.

Scotus.

Greek and Queen Elizabeth. Hallam (citing Peck's Desiderata Curiosa, p. 270.) notes it as a mark of the revival of the English Universities, that at Cambridge an address was delivered to

Elizabeth in Greek verse, to which she returned an answer in the same language. This was in 1564. Is this account a mistaken tradition of the following, or are we to say that two Greek addresses are on record?

To a small edition (London, 1669, 12mo.) of the Paræenesis of Isocrates is appended (without date) a speech in Greek made to Queen Elizabeth at Trinity College by Doddington, the Greek Professor. It is added that there might not be too many fly-leaves; as appears by the heading, "Ne post terminum immodica esset vacatio, en tibi." The speech follows, in Greek and Latin; after which comes a Latin address, informing the Queen that her humble servants are ready to repeat in Latin what had just been said in Greek. To this she answered: Ego intelligo, non est opus, 'Avavwvwok vμw Thy euvolav: " unless indeed the Latin be the editor's translation of the Queen's Greek, in which case she must be supposed to have spoken very satirically of their kind offer to translate.

66

M.

Norfolk Clergymen suspended. It is commonly believed in various parts of Norfolk that some years ago, in that county, a clergyman was suspended from exercising the functions of his office certain black dog which had unluckily and profor having in the pulpit offered to bet upon a fanely selected the holy edifice for a ring in which to fight a pitched battle with another of the canine species of some other colour. The tale is exceedthe fact, that to my knowledge at least a dozen ingly improbable, and is rendered more so by clergymen in different parishes have received the them; but as I have not unfrequently come in benefit of having this profane act attributed to contact with persons who declare that the circumstance came under their own personal observation, I should be glad if some of your Norfolk correspondents would inform me whether there is any small moiety of truth in the report, or whether it is an entire fabrication belonging to the domain of myths, being, to use a Norfolk expression, "made out of whole stuff."

Remote Traditions through few Links.

"In the fifteenth century King James I. (of Scotland) met with an old lady who remembered Wallace and Bruce, and he inquired eagerly about their personal appearance. She told him that Bruce was a man of noble, admirable appearance, and that no man of his day could compete with him in strength. But she added, that so far as Bruce excelled all the other men of his time, so far did Wallace excel Bruce in strength."

The preceding extract is from a speech by Sheriff Bell at a meeting at Stirling for a monument to the memory of Sir W. Wallace, reported in The Times, June 30, 1856.

Probably some of your correspondents will be

Davis the Almanac Maker.-In my wanderings among the churches and churchyards of our merry England, in the autumn of last year, I paid a short visit to the parish of Priors Marston, in the county of Warwick, where the village schoolmaster was my cicerone; and, finding I was in search of the curious, he called my attention to an inscription on a flat stone between the high pews in a side aisle, which, from the darkness of the place, would have escaped my observation; but here it is:

"In Memory of MR. RICHARD DAVIS, An Eminent Scholar*, Could make Almanacks, Who died 10th Oct', 1793, Aged 85 years.

The stone-mason appears to have committed a most grievous error in cutting the inscription, by the omission of that which was evidently the most important portion of it; for the line "Could make Almanacks" is cut at the foot of the stone, with an asterisk at the end of " Scholar" pointing thereto, which omission, if not duly corrected, would probably have consigned the reputation of the deceased in this curious art to oblivion. As

it is not so long since this venerable gentleman was gathered to his fathers, it may be hoped that some of your correspondents may be able to give us an account of his life, and whether he really was the maker of any of the Almanacs of the period in which he lived. J. B. WHITBOrne.

"Chimara.". Can any of your readers name the author of a short poem, in four stanzas, called "The Chimæra," the first stanza of which I subjoin? It was copied, several years ago, from a novel, the title of which was not preserved:

"I dreamed one morn a waking dream,
Brighter than slumbers are,

Of wandering where the planets gleam,
Like an unsphered star.

Round a Chimæra's yielding neck
With grasping hands I clung;
No need of spur, no fear of check,
Those fields of air among."

STYLITES.

Minor Queries with Answers.

John Hollybush. - I shall be much obliged by any one informing me, through your pages, who was Jhon Hollybush. I have a folio, bound up with my Turner's Herbal and Battles in England, bearing this title:

"A most Excellent and Perfecte Homish Apothecarye, or homely Physicke Booke, for all the Grefes and Diseases of the Bodye. Translated out of the Almaine Speche in English, by Jhon Hollybush. Imprinted at Collen, by Arnold Birckman, in the yeare of our Lord 1561."

Miles Coverdale translated the New Testament out of the Latin, and it was published in 1538 (2nd edit.), and its title-page states it is "faythfullye translated by Johan Hollybushe." Had Coverdale anything to do with translating the Homish Apothecarye? G. W. J.

[John Hollybushe was an assistant of James Nicholson, printer in Southwark, who seems afterwards to have settled at Cologne. It is quite certain that Coverdale had nothing to do with the publication of the Homish Apothe carye. The history of the edition of the New Testament bearing the name of Hollybushe is somewhat curious. In the early part of 1538 Nicholson proposed to print Coverdale's translation and the Vulgate in parallel columns; and previously to the bishop setting off for Paris, he had written a dedication to Henry VIII., trusting to Nicholcame out it was so incorrectly executed that the bishop son's care for the correcting of the press. When the book immediately disowned it, and brought out at Paris, in December, 1538, a more correct edition. In his dedication to Lord Cromwell he says, "Truth it is that this

last Lent I did, with all humbleness, direct an epistle unto the King's most noble Grace, trusting that the book, whereunto it was prefixed, should afterwards have been as well correct as other books be. And because I could not be present myself, by the reason of sundry notable impediments, therefore inasmuch as the New Testament, which I had set forth in English before, doth so agree with the Latin, I was heartily well content that the Latin and it should be together: Provided alway that the corrector should follow the true copy of the Latin in any wise, and to keep the true and right English of the same. And so doing, I was content to set my name to it: and even so I did; trusting that though I were absent and out of the land, yet all should be well. And, as God is my record, I knew none other, till this last July, that it was my chance here in these parts, at a stranger's hand, to come by a copy of the said print: which, when I had perused, I found that as it was disagreeable to my former translation in English, so was not the true copy of the Latin observed, neither the English so correspondent to the same as it ought to be: but in many places both base, insensible, and clean contrary, not only to the phrase of our language, but also from the understanding of the text in Latin." (Gov. State Papers, vol. i. p. 591.) Nicholson the printer, wishing in some way to cover the loss he had incurred, printed another edition, which was stated in the title to be "Faythfullye translated by Jhon Hollybushe," to distinguish it from the previous edition. See the Rev. Henry Walter's First Letter to the Bishop_of Peterborough, p. 31.; and Anderson's Annals of the English Bible, vol. ii. p. 36.]

Murdiston v. Millar. — In an article on dogs in Chambers's Miscellany, vol. i., and also in Sir Walter Scott's notes to St. Ronan's Well, men

tion is made of a Scotch cause or trial, under the name of "Murdiston v. Millar, in which a witness gives some interesting evidence respecting the instincts of animals, particularly of sheep. Is this trial published? and where can it be obtained?

STYLITES.

[A lengthened notice of the celebrated case of Murdiston and Millar is given in Blackwood's Magazine, vol. ii. p. 83., but without any intimation where the trial itself is to be found.]

Grace Cups. What is the origin of "Grace Cups?" and where is any account to be found of the one formerly possessed by Thomas à Becket? H. L. K.

[The poculum charitatis, wassail bowl, and grace-cup, for promoting brotherly love, may be traced to the classical cup of the Greeks and Romans, called ayatov Saíuovos, or boni genii, each of whom at their feasts invoked this supposed deity at the time of drinking. The custom of wassailing, or drinking healths, however, seems to have been of German origin, and introduced into this country by our Saxon ancestors (Verstegan's Restitution of Decayed Intelligence). William of Malmesbury, describing the customs of Glastonbury soon after the Conquest, says, that on particular days the monks had Medonem in justis et

vinum in charitatem," Mead in their cans, and wine in

the grace-cup. The ivory cup, set in gold, popularly called "The Grace-cup of St. Thomas à Becket," was formerly in the Arundelian Collection, and is now possessed by Henry Howard, Esq., of Corby Castle, to whom it was presented by Bernard Edward, Duke of Norfolk. The inscription round the cup is "VINUM TUUM BIBE CUM GAUDIO," Drink thy wine with joy; but round the lid, deeply engraved, is the restraining injunction, "SOBRII ESTOTE," with the initials "T. B." interlaced with a mitre, Round the neck of the top is the name "GOD* FERARE." It is engraved in the Antiquarian Repertory, vol. iii. p. 179., and in Antiquarian Gleanings, by W. B. Scott, of Newcastle. Mr John Gough Nichols (Pilgrimages to Saint Mary of Walsingham, p. 229.) says, that "this cup was attributed to Becket from its bearing the initials T. B. under a mitre; but modern skill in archæological chronology has reduced it to a very different æra, for it is really of the early part of the sixteenth century." See also "N. & Q." 1st S. i. 142.]

"How Commentators," &c.-Whence is the quotation:

"How commentators each dark passage shun,
And hold their farthing candles to the sun.'

D.

[See Dr. Edward Young's Poems, Satire vII. line 97.] Quotation wanted: "Knowledge and Wisdom."— I should be greatly obliged to any of your correspondents who would inform me where the following passage is to be found?

"Knowledge and Wisdom, far from being one,
Have oft times no connection:

The curious hand of Knowledge doth but pick
Bare simples. Wisdom pounds them for the sick.
In my affliction, Knowledge apprehends
Who is the author, what the cause and ends;
To rest contented here is but to bring

Clouds without rain, and summer without spring," &c. J. R. W. [The first two lines are from Cowper's Task, book vi.

lines 88, 89. Francis Quarles is a claimant for what follows.]

Replies.

MARRIOT THE GREAT EATER.

(2nd S. ii. 6.)

The readers of John Dunton's Life who have made a note of MR. CUNNINGHAM'S communication will, no doubt, think it worth while to add the following particulars.

I have before me a copy of a little tract entitled:

The Grays Inn Greedy-Gut, or the surprising Adventures of Mr. Marriott, the famous glutton, with his receipts for many choice dishes. Glasgow: Printed by William Duncan, and sold at his shop at Gibson's Land, Mercat Cross, 1750.

This is little better than a chap-book, and its contents are derived entirely from a 4to. tract of forty or fifty closely-printed pages, a copy of which is in the (old) Collection of King's Pamphlets in the British Museum. Marriot having again become a character of interest, I give the title at full length:

The Great Eater of Grayes Inne, or the life of Mr. Marriot the cormorant. Wherein is set forth, all the Exploits and Actions by him performed; with many pleasant Stories of his Travells into Kent and other places. Also, a rare physicall dispensatory, being the manner how he makes his Cordiall Broaths, Pills, Purgations, Julips, and Vomits, to keep his Body in temper, and free from Surfeits. By G. F. Gent. London: W. Reyboulde, 1652.

This consists of a number of chapters devoted to stories of his surprising feats of eating. It is evidently written by some enemy of the Gray's Inn Lawyer, for most of the anecdotes related are not by any means flattering. In addition to the sin of gormandising, we learn that Marriot was apt to entertain himself rather at the expense of an unhappy friend or client than at his own; and if G. F. were not a slanderer, his hero even at times carried his meanness to the

pitch of secreting some portions of the feast in his sleeve, or in a bag which he carried with him. In the "character addressed to the reader the author says:

"He loves Cook and Kitchin not so much for their law as for their names' sake, and at Bacon his mouth waters."

And we have the following sketch of his exterior:

"He walks the street like Pontius Pilate in robes of purple, but not like Dives in fine linen, for he holds shirts unnecessary, and his cloaths are so ornamented with patches, that many are buried alive in them."