tells him anything, to get a pulley for his engine of such and such a diameter and it will drive the machine at its proper speed. But did you ever stop to consider that a man buys one engine and has six or seven machines to be driven by it, and this would mean he would be obliged to have six or seven pulleys for his engine and change pulleys every time he changed work?

Did you ever go out on a cold, frosty morning on a farm and try to take a cast iron pulley off from a gas engine, especially after there has been rain or snow and the engine shaft and key were probably rusted? If you ever have, you will agree that it is not a pleasant task. The frost has penetrated the iron and made it brittle. A few blows with the hammer intending to start the key may result in a broken pulley, or possibly a broken spoke in the engine fly wheel. For under such conditions fractures do not always occur where the blow is struck. Have you ever had a call to equip one of the engines with a pulley other than the standard size? If so, did you have a pattern of that particular size of pulley? If the pulley was belted to the fly wheel of the engine, would you be willing to have six or seven pulley patterns for each size engine that you built? The present conditions demand it.

Now we can eliminate all this trouble if we can have co-operation among all who manufacture machines with pulleys, either driving or driven.

Suppose we adopt through co-operation with the various manufacturing associations, the farm Power Committee and Agricultural Institutes, a standard belt speed. For the sake of argument and illustration we will assume that fifteen hundred feet per minute is a good general efficient speed. We all know that the circumference of any pulley is 3.1416 times the diameter, and we also know that the diameter of a pulley is usually expressed in inches. There are twelve inches in a foot, now if we divide 3.1416 by 12 we get .2618, which multiplied by the diameter in inches, at once gives us circumference in feet. Then if we multiply the result by pulley speed in revolutions per minute we get belt speed in feet per minute. Now we can reverse this reasoning and divide our belt speed, which is fifteen hundred feet per minute, by .2618 and we arrive at a constant 5729. Having obtained a constant of this kind it is only necessary, in order to determine the correct diameter of the pulley, to divide this constant by the required speed. The result is at once the correct diameter of that pulley. Then we can allow, say one inch width of face, for each horse power to be transmitted. One or two examples will make this clear.

A grinding mill runs 500 revolutions per minute; divide 5729 by 500 and you have 11.25 as the correct diameter of that pulley. If it requires 5-horse power to drive the mill we will

ter of the pulley and eight inches for the width. Now I do not say that fifteen hundred feet is the correct and only belt speed which should be adopted as a standard, but with co-operation and a little discussion, we can easily arrive at a speed which could be standardized, and whatever that speed may be, if it is divided by the required speed, the quotient will give us the correct pulley diameter.

Then the purchaser can buy Tom Smith's engine, Jim Jones' grinding mill, anybody's shredder and the other fellow's corn sheller, belt direct from one to the other and get correct results from any of the machines. Your engine will not be overloaded, your grinder will deliver its rated capacity, your corn sheller will not be torn to pieces, you will not be obliged to have any excess stock of various sizes of pulley patterns, it will be unnecessary for you to sustain the expense of sending out a trouble man for these reasons, and the customer will have faith in power producing and power driven machinery and in the men who sell them. Having thus roughly pointed out an idea which cannot be other than a benefit to the gas engine trade in general, all manufacturers, jobbers, agents and dealers, I submit it to you in the hope that it will be pursued further by those more able but not more sincerely interested than myself.

Paul Gerlach of Allen, Saskatchewan, grew the prize bushel of wheat exhibited at the Dry Farming Congress in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and thereby won a prize worth twelve hundred and fifty dollars. The prize consisted of a Rumely threshing machine, donated by the company for that purpose. It will be delivered free of charge at his own railroad station. The Rumely Company divided the bushel of wheat into small lots and auctioned it to the highest bidder. The proceeds were handed over to the Congress to be used as they see fit.

The name of the wheat is the Marquis, a new variety which has broken all hard wheat records in the north and west. The sample bushel submitted tested seventy-one pounds per bushel.

It is estimated that the per capita loss on account of smoke in St. Louis is eight dollars annually and in Cleveland twelve dollars. The railroads alone in St. Louis use two million tons of coal annually and about six million are consumed by manufacturing interests and private citizens for heating their homes,

BE EFORE putting on new tires, be sure to coat the rims with a paint made of graphite stirred well into shellac. This will effectively prevent rim rust. It is the easiest kind of a coating to make and use, and its use will be a joy forever, Mr. Autoist.

DIAGNOSIS FOR CARBON

Any motorist who pays attention to the moods of his engine and keeps thinking of the ways and means of getting the most pleasure and mileage per gallon of gasoline, can not help but notice that the car is more lively on some days than on others. The engine goes right along and does its work, but somehow or other there is no snap to it. At first you mention your fears to your fellow speeders and they laugh at you. They say, maybe, that you are getting nervous, or that you need a "later model." Now don't be so thin skinned that you go off on a tangent and let your false pride follow any such a line of action. Just be calm and when you get that car into your garage, do some coddling with it as follows:

Give each cylinder a toddy of denatured alcohol while the engine is hot. Let the dose remain in the engine over night giving the engine time to sleep off its inebriated condition, as it were. At the same time, lift out the valves and plugs and soak them in a small can of alcohol. Wipe them thoroughly before replacing. The engine will surely run the next time as snappy as any new one ever did.

The trouble with a sluggish engine is that a coating of carbon has accumulated on its "inner parts," causing the cylinder to heat unduly. There is a loss of power, and the case may be aggravated by the charge being fired slightly before the spark hits it.

If the car operator is green at the business, he will learn a lot from the experience of removing the cylinders and cleaning out the carbon deposit in the old way. It is quite a job, however, and a day is none too little for it. Auto engines are made so compact, and competition is so keen and is forcing the makers to turn out the engines so cheaply, that the enbloc type predominates. The result is that the whole engine has to be torn apart in order to get inside of it. There is generally a limit, however, to every unhandy operation, and the cleaning out of carbon has proved to be no exception with its scheme to save drudgery. In this case, the latest method for cleaning out

the carbon has proved the easiest and the quickest of them all.

The Dy-Karbo method, as it is known, for removing carbon consists of an apparatus for burning it out with oxygen. The scheme is old but the application is new. In these days it is common for garages and repair shops to have a tank of oxygen in stock for the purpose of making gas welds. Oxygen under pressure, in tanks of convenient size for handling, is readily obtainable. Besides the tank of oxygen, the burning outfit consists of a reducing valve and pressure regulator, a reservoir with a pressure gauge, and a few feet of strong hose with a torch. The nozzle of the torch consists of a small flexible copper tube eighteen inches or more long that can be passed easily through the opening made by the spark plug or valve cap. The tube bends easily so that the end will reach any part of the interior where the carbon deposit is likely to be located. nozzle, turn on the oxygen, and then pass The method of operation is to insert the soft lighted taper to the point where the nozzle is next to the carbon. As oxygen attacks carbon very readily, the carbon is immediately fired where the stream of gas strikes it. The entire deposit can be burned out in a very few minutes. Some garages charge one dollar per cylinder to do this work, and in many cases it is well worth the price.

INFLUENCE OF AIR TEMPERATURE ON
AUTO RUNNING

a

If you have never watched the flock of autos that run into the city every morning, it will be a revelation to you to do so. Just hustle out some fine morning to the gate of your city-where the boulevard enters, if you please-and note how many prominent citizens have gone "back to the land." Also, how many "farmers" are really engaged in city labor. The autos bring their loads of "professionals" or "office folk" from either the summer or the permanent residences located anywhere from five to fifty miles back in the woods, the mountains, or the uplands. These runs give an excellent opportunity for the drivers to notice the influence of air temperature on the power of the engine. Many of the roads start out where there are long stretches of sunshine. Then they dip down into deep, shady places where there is a decided chill to the air, especially in the early morning. If the carburetor be adjusted so that the air shutter gives the maximum air to suit the power when in warm air, a change of

Please mention Gas Review when writing. Gasoline Engine, Automobile, Motor Cycle, Mechanical, Machinists, Blacksmith, Electrical, Engineering, Shop and Farm Kinks, Hints, Methods of Doing Many Things, Data, Short Cuts, Formulas that save you dollars, etc., every month. Booster and Trouble Depts. Experience and ideas sent in by subscribers. 99% of the subscribers renew. 25% of them paid 8 years in advance because they like it. SPECIAL OFFER: A copy of our Mechanical Kink Book, that every mechanic ought to have, and 1 year for 50c, or Gas Review and Digest both for 1 year 50c.

THE MECHANICAL DIGEST, GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. Please mention Gas Review when writing.

Heat and Acid Proof Paint

For manifold, exhaust pipe and mufflers. Can be heated red without injury, is oil, gas and alkali proof. Insulating and protective, can be used as a heat and acid proof cement, also as a prime coat for wood, wallboard, etc. It will fireproof any surface to which applied. Agents wanted, exclusive territory granted.

E. R. STOWELL, New Corydon, Indiana

Please mention Gas Review when writing.

DON'T SKID!

The non-skids that you can trust are the kind that's always on the wheels. Most skidding accidents happen because the non-skids are at home or in the tool box instead of on the tires.

Woodworth Freads

are simply put on the tires and forgotten. They prevent
skidding, punctures, cuts and road wear, and they elimi-
Date repairs. They pay for themselves in the increased
life of the tires. They are guaranteed to outlast any
other form of protector and not to chafe the tires.
Order of any large supply dealer or direct.

2004 Whirlpool St.

LEATHER TIRE GOODS CO., NIAGARA FALLS, M. Y. STERLING

Pocket Battery Meters

For anyone who uses a gas engine. Tells strength of batteries all the time. Every engine user should have one. Worth ten times its cost the FIRST time there is engine trouble.

Beautifully Nickel-Plated.
Most Accurate Made.
Guaranteed for Two Years.
Ammeters (for dry batteries)

"INGECO" OIL ENGINES

"INGECO" Oil Engines have a reputation for reliabilitythey are really remarkable engines both in mechanical simplicity and in their smoothness of operation. Without question they are the quickest starting, easiest running oil engines in America.

"INGECO" Engines operate perfectly on kerosene, oil or distillates-and give better and more satisfactory results on low grade oils than other engines do on expensive fuels. They are real oil engines of the "Throttling Governor" type, not ordinary gasoline engines rigged up with troublesome makeshifts to run on oil. Their principle of construction insures complete combustion of fuel and uniform speed under variable loads.

MADE IN ALL SIZES FROM 11-2 TO 60 H. P.

If you are a power user, write us about "INGECO" Oil Engines-we make the engine that is most economical for your use. State size you are considering and we will send special detailed information and complete catalogs.

INTERNATIONAL GAS ENGINE COMPANY 130 Holthoff Place, CUDAHY, WIS. (Suburb of Milwaukee) Distributing Branches and Sales Offices in all Principal Cities'

postpaid.....

$1.25

Voltammeters (for both dry and
storage batteries) postpaid..... 1.75
Send Post Office Money Order.
Write for circular.

The Sterling Manufacturing Co., Cleveland, Ohio

Cleveland Dallas Detroit Indianapolis Kansas City

Los Angeles

THE CANADIAN H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO., LIMITED Toronto

Montreal

Winnipeg