915 Galloway Sta. Wm. Galloway Co., Waterloo, Iowa $18.30 PERHORSEPOWER Can you buy a horse for $1830 Maximum Power at the Draw Bar at Minimum Cost It is the Greatest Value Ever Placed on the Market It is a handy machine, carefully constructed, does not SLIP, and will do its work over loose, soft or wet ground-fast under load on roads for hauling-powerful under heavy loads plowing or road grading-will pull 4 to 6 plows-will not pack the soil when harrowing, cultivating or seeding, will turn short-will furnish economical power for all kinds of belt work. We Want to Tell You More About It-Catalog on Request Other Sizes-75-55 H. P.-60-45 H. P.-40-30 H. P. BULLOCK TRACTOR COMPANY It enables the engine to run successfully under a greater variation of load. It is absolutely safe. The external hot ball becomes brittle and frequently explodes. THE NATIONAL INTERNAL IGNITER cannot explode, as it is subjected to a compressing instead of an expanding strain. If you want an engine that will do the business day in and day out and bang away with the regularity of clock work, get the National. We have some desirable territory open. THE NATIONAL STEAM PUMP CO. UPPER SANDUSKY, OHIO, U. S. A. of mixture, also the explosion and mean effective pressure. Figure 4 shows an arrangement of the straight throttling type of governing as used on multicylinder vertical engines. The gas and air are throttled by the double seated valves (A), (A) similar to a common steam engine gear. The inlet valve of each cylinder is connected to the manifold and a uniform quantity of mixture is taken into each cylinder according to the power required. Many of us think of India as a benighted land where none of the accoutrements of civilization are to be found, yet the municipality of Bombay has gone further in safeguarding dangerous turns than many American cities. They have decided upon the plan of making use of road mirrors. In regard to this the Bombay Times says: "While this will be the first road mirror introduced in India it does not take the form of an experiment, as road mirrors exist in many towns in England and they have fulfilled their object with distinct success. But Bombay is going further than England in that, as far as is known, the mirror to be provided at the corner of Gamdevi Road and Hughes Road will be the biggest road mirror in the world. The most common sized mirror employed at home is two and one-half by three feet and the biggest one is eight by three feet, while the mirror to be erected in Bombay will be ten by five feet. The completion of the mirror will be awaited by motorists and others with interest, for in many parts of Bombay there are dangerous corners, and if they can be freed from their danger by the provision of road mirrors a difficult problem will be overcome." The use of crushed lime in agriculture is coming rapidly into prominence. There are a great many soils that are so strongly acid that they do not grow good crops. They contain ample quantities of all the necessary plant foods but these can not be utilized by the plant because of the poisonous effect of the acid in the soil. Soil chemists have discovered that the use of crushed lime will sweeten these soils and make them rich and productive. The cost of an application of limestone is inconsiderable when one considers that it may be all that is needed to transform a barren field into one of great fertility. Recognizing the importance of this subject and the fact that limestone is going to come into general use in the near future, the New Holland Machine Company of New Holland, Pennsylvania, have brought out a crushing and pulverizing outfit operated by means of a gasoline engine. There is a good opportunity for men in the right sections of the country to work up a profitable business in crushing limestone for the use of neighboring farmers. PHILOLOGY AS AID TO LOCATING OIL. DR. L. K. HIRSHBERG. A thorough knowledge of philology is one of the most important parts of the equipment of oil prospectors in unknown countries, according to M. Durandin, who before the Academy of Sciences described a method used by himself with great success in prospecting for petroleum in Africa. In every district through which he passed M. Durandin carefully inquired of the natives all the names of the neighboring towns, villages and other landmarks, paying no further attention to the region unless the names had a signification or a syllable hinting at the presence of oil. M. Durandin's theory is based upon the belief that sources of oil unknown today among the natives were nevertheless known to their ancestors of centuries ago, and that the presence of oil in a district at one time or another is invariably revealed by something in the name. Prospecting by the philological method was found to be so successful in Africa that an expedition with M. Durandin at its head is being fitted out to prospect Indo-China in a similar manner. M. Durandin states that he has never before set foot in Indo-China, but he is confident of the success of the expedition. Tests of fully inflated tires were made a short time ago at Akron, Ohio, to determine whether they should be pumped up to their full capacity or left somewhat soft in hot weather. A runabout was chosen equipped with 33 x 4 inch tires. The test was made on one of the hottest days in the year. The tires were all pumped to eighty pounds in the garage. The car was run about the yard for a while then at high speed continuously for a half hour over hot brick pavement and wood block covered with tar, then it was run over forty miles of hot brick pavement. The air pressure measured immediately afterwards and it was found that it had increased just four pounds. The increase does not amount to anything. Most good new tires stand about three hundred pounds pressure and the rims of the wheels will invaribly give away before the tires do. This test would indicate that the tires should be pumped up to their regulation pressure whether the weather is hot or cold. Many changes are going on in China and not the least of these is the spread of European style clothes among the Chinese. All officers wear frock coats and evening dress on formal occasions. It is customary for merchants and other business men to keep foreign clothes in reserve. It is even possible now to find tailors in any city of importance in the Empire and it is said their business is increasing rapidly. Some Repair Notes F. H. SWEET. POOR contacts will prove a source of trouble and the adjustment between all contact points should be looked at every week and fixed up. Most manufacturers provide a gauge by means of which the points may be set at the proper distance apart. When the points are set right they may be watched as the engine is cranked over and should be seen to press firmly together at the right point and separate the proper distance at the correct moment. Platinum points, after some usage, wear out and the contact surfaces become spongy and rough, and are nonconductors. This also will cause a skipping spark. These points should be taken out and filed down clean and smooth in order that when the two platinums come together the contact is complete for the whole area of each of them. Some platinum points will be found so hard that a file will not touch them, and in that event emery cloth stretched over a file or other flat surface may be used for smoothing them. It is a common thing for the steel spring to develop a hidden crack which will weaken it materially and cause a poor contact. It is difficult to detect this as the spring when watched seems to operate properly, and may not break entirely for some time. The spring should be taken out when doubt exists as to its condition and should be carefully tested. The crack in it, if there be one, will invariably show when the spring is bent, and a new spring should then be put in. At times trouble is caused owing to the fact that when the spring is attached to its support a good contact is not made. This may be due to the screws being a little loose, or oil having worked behind the spring where it acts as a nonconductor. The spring, its support and the platinum points should be washed in gasoline and care taken to see that they are perfectly clean. Some manufacturers, instead of using a platinum tipped steel spring, support the moving contact on a brass pivoted arm. When the pivot is depended upon to preserve the contact, trouble arises at times from looseness and wear. The spiral springs which actuate the brass arms in this construction help to carry the current and the user should see to it that the wires are firmly attached to the binding post, that the contact is a good and clean one, and that the timer is not loose enough on the shaft to permit of its motion interfering with the ground connection. In the commutator and brush type of timer or distributor, considerable difficulty is experienced owing to the fact that the stationary contacts become foul with dirty oil or metal dust and at times wear down until the contact plates are true again. At times the spring which forces the moving brush or roller into contact with the segments for each cylinder becomes weakened and causes a skipping spark, and care must be taken to see that the proper tension is maintained or this spring. One essential in dealing with the timer is to see that it is not allowed to become wobbly, for if it does it will invariably cause trouble and missing of the cylinders when the engine runs at high speed. Care should be taken to see that the timer runs smooth and true on the shaft at all times, and one of the greatest dangers of ignition troubles will be avoided. The coil vibrator is a rather delicate and at times a troublesome piece of mechanism, and is worthy of serious consideration when the question of ignition troubles is being discussed. To ascertain whether the coil is working properly the engine should be turned over by hand with the compression cocks open until it is on the sparking point. A test wire may then be taken and the ends touched simultaneously to the support of the vibrator and the arch which carries the adjusting screw, and if a spark is obtained it is safe to say that the trouble is in the vibrator contacts or their adjustment. The adjustor screw should be removed and the platinum point cleaned and smoothed up. If the vibrator itself can be removed without breaking the soldering which is sometimes used to hold it firm, this should be done and the lower contact cleaned up and filed flat. The adjustment of the vibrator, although a matter of much importance, is experimental to a certain degree. Two screws are usually provided for this purpose, one of which controls the upward spring of the vibrator and the other the motion of the platinum tipped contact screw. Generally speaking it may be said that the spring adjustment should be so set as to cause the vibrator point to make a positive contact between the vibrator and the contact screw, thus insuring the completion of the electric circuit. Care should be taken not to have the tension excessive as the electro magnetism of the core might not be sufficiently strong to draw it down and cause the unnecessary vibration. By putting the engine on the sparking point and allowing each vibrator to buzz in turn, it is possible to manipulate the adjusting screw until the coil gives out a clear unbroken hum, when as an ordinary thing the adjustment may be said to be correct, and the next vibrator may be treated in a like manner, if necessary. |