Ramjiewaun garrisons Ramnagur for the Rajah. Scheme for the res duction of the place fruftrated by the rafhness of Capt. Mayaffre; who is killed in an ill judged attack, and the party repulfed with great lofs.
Country immediately in arms. Defign of attacking the governor general
in his quarters obliges him to retire by night to Chunar. Repeated pro-
pofals made by the Rajab for an accommodation, produce no effect. Em-
barrament occafioned by the Nabob vizier's vifit. The commotion in
Benares Spreads the flame in the adjoining countries. Cheit Sing's ma-
nifefto. Attack on the Rajah's camp at Pateetah. Great reinforce-
ments arrive at Chunar. Bundoo Carn, a native, proposes the means,
by which the Rajab's forces might, without much difficulty, be difpoffeffed
of their ftrong-holds. The Scheme adopted by Major Popham; who pri-
vately difpatches Major Crabbe, with a strong detachment, to penes
trate the mountains, under the guidance of Bundoo Cawn, and attack
the enemy in the rear, while he engages them in front. The defign fuc-
ceeds; Major Crabbe carries the strong pass of Suckroot; the enemy
abandon the fortress of Lutteefpoor; the Rajah flies to Bidjeygur, and
all his forces difperfe. Country immediately refumes its usual tranquillity.
Governor general returns to Benares; fettles the government; appoints
a new Rajah; and increases the revenue. Disturbances in the neigh-
bouring countries quelled. Treaty of peace and alliance happily con-
cluded with Madajee Scindia by Colonel Muir. The Rajah, Cheit
Sing, totally abandons his country. Strong fortress of Bidjeygur taken,
upon conditions, by Major Popham. Great treasure found, and Spoil
made by the army.
Peninfula of India. Efforts by France to recover her ancient poffeffions and influence, and totally to overthrow the English power. French Squadron Jails from the African iflands with a strong body of forces for the coast of Coromandel; takes the Hannibal of 50 guns, and appears fuddenly be- fore Madras, intending to deftroy the English Squadron in the road, and, in concurrence with Hyder Ally, to befiege that place by fea and land. Caufes which obliged M. de Suffrein to abandon that defign and put out to fea. Is pursued by Sir Edward Hughes, who chaces and takes feveral of the convoy. Partial fea-fight; in which the French, having the avind in their favour, direct their whole force to the attack of the rear and a part of the center of the British line. Admiral's fhip, the Su- perbe, and Commodore King's fhip, the Exeter, fuffer extremely, through the great fuperiority of force by which they are attacked. Capt. Ste- phens, of the former, and Capt. Reynolds, of the latter, killed. Enemy Juddenly baul their wind and stand off; are out of fight in the morning. Admiral, on his way from Madras to Trincomale, is joined by the Sul- tan and Magnanime from England. Falls in with the Enemy's fleet. Bloody action off the coast of Ceylon, on the 12th of April. The da- mage on both fides fo great, and fo nearly equal, that the boftile com- manders lie for feveral days within fight of each other, repairing their VOL. XXVI.
Colonel Brathwaite's detachment fuddenly furrounded by Tippoo Saib, with a confiderable army, on the banks of the Coleroon. Desperate refiftance. Cruel flaughter reftrained by the humanity of M. Lally. Southern pro- vinces laid entirely open to the enemy by this lofs. Embarraffing fituation of Sir Eyre Coote. French forces, under the conduct of M. Duchemin, land at Pondicherry, and are joined by a body of Hyder's troops; the combined enemy befiege Cuddalore and Permacoil, both of which they take; and meditate, in concert with the grand army, an attack upon the im- portant fortress of Vandiah. Sir Eyre Coote, in advancing to the pro- tection of Vandiwash, hopes thereby to bring on a battle with Hyder ; but finding the latter relinquished his object to evade that defign, he pushes on two days march to attack him on his own ground. Hyder abandons his camp, and retires to a fecure pofition on the Red Hills. British gene- ral, in order to draw the enemy from his ftrong poft, and bring on an action, advances towards the fortress of Arnee, where his magazines are depofited. Manoeuvre fucceeds: Hyder immediately defcends from the Red Hills, and marches to the relief of Arnee. Battle of the 2d of June. Enemy routed and pursued till night. The want of cavalry on one fide, and abundance of it on the other, prevent the grand effects of victory in this war. Purfuit continued for two days. Enemy abandon the great road, and cross the country to Arnee. British grand guard cut off. Fatigue, fickness, and want of provifions, oblige the army to fall back towards the fources of its fupply. Sir Eyre Coote's ill health obliges him to quit the army, and leave the command to General Stuart. Hyder in a fimilar
fate of ill health. Defined never to face each other again in the field.
Both, probably, vidims to the contention. Failure of Hyder's great de-
figns, affects bis conftitution. French squadron returns from the island
of Ceylon to the coast of Coromandel, and is followed by the English.
M. de Suffrein takes on board great reinforcements of troops and artillery-
men at Cuddalore, with a view of entirely crushing the British naval
power in thofe feas. Appears before Negapatam, to challenge Sir Edward
Hughes. Action of the 6th of July. French fleet faved by a fudden shift
of wind. Severe ftrikes to the Sultan, but afterwards efcapes. Capt.
Maclellan, of the admiral's fhip, killed. Great lofs of the enemy. While
the fquadron is refitting at Madras, M. de Suffrein joins the Sieur d'Aymar,
on the coast of Ceylon, who is arrived there with two fhips of the line,
and the fecond divifion of the Marquis de Buffy's troops from the Mau-
ritius.
ritius. Enemy befiege and take Trincomale, while the British Squadron is detained by adverfe winds from its refcue. Sir E. Hughes arrives early in the morning close in with that place. Enemy, relying on their
Superior force, come out to battle. Defperate and well-fought action on
the 3d of September. Enemy lofe one of their best ships in getting in to
Trincomale. Lofs of men small, with respect to number; but the three
brave captains, Wood, Watts, and Lumley, with other diftinguished offi-
cers, are unfortunately flain. Great lofs of the enemy. Admirable be-
haviour of the British commanders, through the whole courfe of this fevere
naval warfare.
Treaty of peace concluded with the Mahrattas, through the mediation of
Madajee Scindia. Negotiation conducted with ability by Mr. Anderfon.
Madajee Scindia the mutual guarantee. Peace fortunate with respect
to the feafon of its conclufion, and advantageous in its ftipulations to the
English. Baroach ceded to Scindia. Suppofed caufes which delayed
the ratification at Poonah. Dreadful hurricane, and deplorable famine
at Madras. British squadron driven to fea, and fuffer much from bad
weather in their passage to Bombay. Advantages derived by the French
fleet from the poffeffion of Trincomale. Colonel Humberstone's fucceffes on
the coaft of Malabar. Penetrates far into the country; but is obliged
to retire with lofs from Palacatcherry. Government of Bombay difpatch
a body of forces under General Mathews to the coaft, with a view to
extricate Humberstone; while Tippoo Saib proceeds with the utmoft ra-
pidity from the Carnatic, in order to cut him off. Colonel Humbertone
gains intelligence of his approach, and retires to Paniany, closely pur-
fued by the enemy. Command of the troops devolves on Colonel Macleod,
who is immediately invested by the enemy. Tippoo Saib and M. Lally
attack the British lines with a great force, but are gallantly repulfed
with confiderable lofs. Tippoo Saib breaks up his camp by night, and
returns to the Carnatic. General Mathews takes Onore by form. Death
and character of Hyder Ally. General Mathews takes Cundapore;
forces the Gauts, and makes his way into the Bednore country. Some ob
Jervations on the conduct pursued, and the cruelties committed in this ex-
pedition. Short account of the ancient kingdom of Canara, and of the
royal city of Bednore, or Hyder Nagur, the fuppofed depofitary of Hyder's
treafures. Private negotiation and treaty with Hyat Saib, who fur-
renders the country and capital to the British forces. Great difcontents
in the army, relative to the difpofal of the treasures found in the royal
palace. Difference between the general and the principal officers of the
King's forces, occafions the Colonels Macleod and Humberstone, with
Major Shaw, to quit the army and return to Bombay. Difpatches from
the general, containing a general accufation against his army. Proceed-
ings of the government of Bombay: appoint Colonel Macleod to the com-
mand of the army in the Bednore country. Captain Carpenter takes Car-
war, with other forts, and reduces the whole Soundah country. General Mathews returns with part of the army to the coaft; befieges and takes Mangalore. Tippoo Sultan abandons the Carnatic, and marches with his whole army to recover the Bednore country, and his dominions on the Malabar coaft. Letters from General Mathews to the government of Bombay, informing them of the approach of the enemy, and requiring a reinforcement: returns to Bednore; marches out to fight the prodigious army under Tippoo Sultan; being inftantly defeated, he retires with the remainder of the forces to the adjoining fortrefs; clofely furrounded and befieged. The frong pofts in the Gauts fhamefully loft to a detachment from Tippoo's army. The fugitives from the Gauts communicate their panic to the garrison of Cundapore, who fet fire to the magazines, and abandon the place, with a large field of artillery. General Mathews capitulates upon honourable conditions. Capitulation violated by Tippoo Sultan. General, and principal officers, feized and imprisoned. Army plundered and inhumanly treated. Miferies endured in a cruel march and imprisonment. General, and feveral officers, faid to have been barbaroufly murdered. Siege of Mangalore converted to a blockade, upon the departure of the French auxiliaries from Tippoo Sultan. Sir Eyre Coote returns to Madras, where he dies. Sir Edward Hughes arrives with the fleet from Bombay. Succeffes of the Colonels Lang and Fullarton in the Coimbatour country. General Stuart befieges Cuddalore. French lines and outworks carried, after a defperate attack and refiftance, with great flaughter' on both fides. Laft naval action between Sir Edward Hughes and M. de Suffrein. Great fally made by the French with their beft troops, who are repulfed with much lofs. Account of the peace being received, an immediate ceffation of hoftilities takes place. [75
Retrospective view of affairs in the Weft Indies, North America, Africa, and Europe, previous to the conclufion of peace. Bahama islands taken by the Governor General of Cuba. Dutch fettlements in Africa reduced by the English. French expedition to Hudson's Bay, where they take and deftroy two of the Company's fettlements. Various fucceffes on the Mufquito fore: Fort Dalling retaken: Don T. Julia, with the Spanish forces on Black River, furrender prisoners of war to Colonel Defpard. Calamities of the fleet and convoy from Jamaica. Ramillies, Centaur, Ville de Paris, Le Glorieux, and Le Hector, with many merchant ships loft. Sir Guy Carleton communicates to General Washington the refolutions of parliament for an accommodation with the Americans, and the inftructions and authority he had received for that purpose from government; requiring at the fame time a palport for Mr. Morgan, who be intended to dispatch upon the bufnefs to Congress. Washington refers the propofal to Congress, who forbid his granting the paffport. Refolutions of feveral affemblies, against any separate negotiation, peace, or truce with Great Britain. Subfequent declaration to the fame purpose by Congrefs; with ftrict injunctions, against the receiving of any propofals, or the admission of any emisaries from England. Measures
pursued in Europe towards the attainment of a general peace. Empress of Ruffia, and the Emperor of Germany, mediators. State and condition of the contending parties. Mr. Grenville fent to Paris. Mr. Fitz-Herbert appointed plenipotentiary, to negociate and conclude a treaty of peace, with the minifters of France, Spain, and Holland. Mr. Ofwald appointed
commiffioner on the part of his Britannic Majefty, to negociate a treaty with
John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, and Henry Laurens, the
American commiffioners. Provifional articles figned with America. Pre-
liminary articles of peace between England, France, and Spain, figned at
Versailles, by Alleyne Fitz-Herbert, Efq; the Count de Vergennes, and the
Count D'Aranda, Sketch of the provifional and preliminary treaties. [114
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