delicate by being expressed in a somewhat doubtful and indirect shape. 15. genus] nom. case, supply est. Wickham is clearly wrong in saying that it is to be taken after 'maeret': 'iniquos," from its position is emphatic and goes strictly with 'maeret,' 'she mourns the cruelty of her household gods;' if therefore 'regium genus' were acc. after 'maeret' it would have to be rendered she mourns the royalty of her race' which is absurd. penates the gods of the stores (penus), which were naturally kept in the inmost part of the house; cf. the words perietralia, penitus, penetro. 17. crede non illam] Much stronger and more pointed than ne crede illam. 'Be sure that she at any rate has not been wooed by you from among the base rabble.' The non-is placed immediately before illam to show that however possible such a supposition might have been in an ordinary case, in her case it is absolutely inadmissible. Notice the effect of illam and tibi in juxtaposition. scelesta] Doubtless Xanthias belonged to the ranks of those gilded youths who concisely designate all the rest of the world (plebs those who merely fill up') as cads' (scelesti). His own phrase is ironically turned upon himself. For the application of epithets implying moral qualities to various classes of society cf. such words as oi apioтo, optimates, aristocracy, oi paûλoi, oi kaкoi, &c. Cf. 2. 19. and note. 6 21. teretesque suras] shapely ankles.' teres, from tero, Gk. Tpiẞw, to rub, polish, finish,' denotes, says Munro (Lucr. 1. 35), 'that the thing to which it is joined is of the proper shape,' e. g. cervix teres; tunica teresa tunic of even fineness; oratio teresa style of speaking that is polished, and finished. 22. integer] from in and tango (tetigi), indicates that which is free from all taint or blemish, or which is complete and whole. I praise, myself heart-whole. . . .' fuge suspicari] The complementary or prolative infinitive (see Pub. Sch. Lat. Gram. § 142) avoid suspecting one whose age has been only too eager to conclude its eighth lustre.' 23. octavum claudere lustrum] Horace was born Dec. 8, B.C. 65. lustrum (from luo). means the expiatory sacrifice performed by the censors at the end of every fifth year after taking the census; hence lustrum is put for a space of five years.' The technical phrase condere lustrum which was used of the censors is judiciously varied by Horace. trepidavit] A favourite word with Horace, used 3. 12, of a stream hurrying down its bed. It expresses eager, excited, quivering (cf. tremo) motion. Verbs expressive of eager desire naturally take an infinitive after them, cf. fuge=" be eager to avoid.' Cf. too, 11. 4. The exact value of the two concluding lines in fixing the date of the Ode, of which the commentators make much, I leave the judicious reader to determine, but cf. Dickens, Sketches by Boz, Mr Augustus Minns was a bachelor of about forty as he said-of about eight and forty as his friends said.' ODE V. Lalage is too young yet for the trials and troubles of love: her delight is still in childish frolics. Why covet the unripe grape? Wait awhile and she will seek you of herself, and be dearer to you than ever was Pholoë, or Chloris, or Gyges.' 1. ferre iugum valet] The nom. to valet is Lalage, or juvenca to be extracted from juvencae in 1. 6. The application of the term juvenca to a young girl, though frequent in ancient poetry, is not in accord with modern taste. The metaphor is kept up throughout the first eight lines, and is repeated in 11. 15. 16. Cf. dáμanis and róρris in Gk. 2. munia comparis aequare] 'match the labours of a mate or yoke-fellow,' i. e. draw even with one in the plough. 5. circa est] lit. is around''is occupied with.' This use of circa is very frequent in Quintilian and some postAugustan-writers, but otherwise rare. είναι περί τι is very common in Gk.= 'to be engaged about anything.' 6. nunc...nunc] 'at one time............at another.' 8. salicto] from salix='a willow, or osier-bed.' 'praegestientis' is a very strong word; gestire (from gestus) 'to use passionate gestures' is in itself a very emphatic word for 'desiring,' and prae in the sense of 'exceedingly' makes it more So. Horace wishes to express how she is given up heart and soul to her gambols without one thought of love or anything else. 10. iam...colore] 'soon shall you see (tibi) many-coloured autumn, re-tinging (lit. marking differently), the now pale clusters with a purple hue.' 'lividus' is the colour of flesh that has been bruised, or of people who are bilious. 'varius' probably refers to the fact that all fruits begin to change colour in autumn. From its position between distinguet' and 'colore' it is possible that Horace meant it to go closely with these words, and to be taken not as a general epithet of autumn, but as only referring to its effect in the case of the grape; or, most probably, Horace has purposely selected a position where the word may be taken either way. 13. currit...aetas] Her time of life, now so wild, hastens along.' 'ferox' keeps up the metaphor of 'nondum subacta cervice'; she is still too young to be broken in, wild, untamed. 14. dempserit, apponet] The bodily frame naturally increases in strength up to a certain age (say forty or forty-five in a healthy man), after which strength and activity gradually decrease. Hence it is very common to speak of the years up to this period as gained' or added' (apponere), and those which follow as 'lost' or 'subtracted' (demere). Cf. A. P. 175: 6 multa ferunt anni venientes commoda secum Horace says that the lover (who is possibly himself, and at any rate not young) must consider that each year that passes, though a loss to himself, yet brings ample compensation in the additional charms it confers on Lalage. 15. proterva fronte] Lalage is again spoken of as a 'iuvenca.' 17. dilecta...] The construction is dilecta (a te, tantum) quantum non Pholoë fugax (dilecta fuit), 'beloved as much as was never coquettish Pholoë.' 19. ut pura......mari] 'as the cloudless moon is reflected in the nightly ocean.' 22. mire...voltu] 'The difference (i. e. between Gyges and a girl) hard to detect by reason of his flowing locks and halfgirlish face would marvellously deceive even shrewd strangers.' 'discrimen' 'that which makes a distinction,' from dis and cerno, 'to distinguish' (cf. Gk. кpivw); hence the word is frequently used for a critical moment '-a moment which makes all the difference as to the result. ODE VI. You, Septimius, would, I know, go to the end of the world with me if it were necessary; my prayer however is that we may spend the close of our life together at Tibur, or, failing that, at genial Tarentum. That is my favourite spot; there amid poetry and friendship (cf. note on vatis amici) shall life's weary journey end, and your hot tears bedew my funeral urn.' Septimius is very possibly the same man to whom Horace gave a letter of introduction to Tiberius, v. Epist. 1. 9. 1. Gades] For Cadiz put for the extremity of the universe cf. 2. 11, remotis Gadibus and note. So Pind. Nem. 4. 69, Γαδείρων τὸ πρὸς ζόφον οὐ πέρατον, “what lies beyond Gades towards the darkness cannot be traversed.' The Atlantic was totally unexplored and unknown to the ancients, as indeed it remained up to the time of Columbus. (He sailed for America, Aug. 3, 1492.) Of some islands off the W. coast of Africa they did indeed know, but they were only known as the Islands of the Blessed,' 'of the Hesperides,' or by other equally mythical names. aditure] 'Thou who wouldest go,' i. e. should necessity arise. Usually the two phrases you will go,' and 'you are willing to go,' have a very different sense, but in this use of the future participle both senses seem to be combined. 2. Cantabrum...iuga] The Cantabri inhabited the N.W. portion of Spain; occupying a mountainous and inaccessible district they maintained that guerilla warfare for which Spain has always been celebrated, and continually harassed the important settlements on the E. and S. coasts. Augustus went to Spain in person in B.C. 27, and stayed there until B.C. 25, but the final subjugation of the Cantabri was accom- plished by his war-minister Agrippa в.c. 19. Livy (27..12) notices that Spain was the first province entered by the Romans and the last subdued, and the interest taken in the war is shewn by Horace's frequent allusions to it. Cf. Od. 3. 8. 22, Cantaber sera domitus catena, Od. 4. 14. 41, Cantaber non ante domabilis. So too Virgil, wishing to select a special instance of the mountain robbers who continually threaten the peaceful farmer, selects the Hiberi, Georg. 3, 408, aut impacatos a tergo horrebis Hiberos. There is no doubt that the Ode must have been written about the time when Aug. was in Spain, or the allusion here would be unnatural and out of place. But cf. n. iuga ferre] A metaphor from breaking in oxen, but which also refers to the custom of making a conquered enemy' pass 3. barbaras Syrtes] The epithet alludes partly to the bar- barous character of the inhabitants, partly to the dangerous aestuosas. 5. Tibur] Tivoli. v. Class. Dict., and for a full description Burn's Rome and the Campagna.' For the same sentiment Argeo colono] Argeo is a representation of 'Apyelw in Latin Kennedy calls a Recipient Dative, instead of an Ablative of the Agent,' but it is only used after the Past Part. Pass, or 7. sit modus]... Martin gives the general sense : To one with war and travel worn.' The genitives go both with 'modus' (= 'a limit') and with lassus,' for which latter cf. Virg. Aen. 1. 178 fessi rerum, the gen. seeming to be dependent on the sense of 'having had The commentators explain 'viurum' of the marches Horace |