BANKRUPTCY. See also Taxation, 1.
1. Railroad reorganizations-Plan as fair and equitable-Rejection
by class of creditors.-Orders of District Court approving and con-
firming plan of reorganization affirmed; function of Commission and
courts; valuation; allocation of securities to claimants; wartime earn-
ings; effective date of plan; change in economic conditions; collateral
security; reasonableness of rejection of plan by class of creditors.
R. F. C. v. Denver & R. G. W. R. Co., 495.
2. Railroad reorganizations-Tracks-Covenant of forfeiture.-En-
forcement against trustee of express covenant of forfeiture of track
lease; function of Interstate Commerce Commission. Smith v.
Hoboken R. Co., 123.
3. Railroad reorganizations—Trackage rights-Contracts.-Main-
tenance of suit in state court; effect of stay orders of bankruptcy
court; when state court should remit parties to Interstate Commerce
Commission. Thompson v. Texas Mexican R. Co., 134.
BILL OF ATTAINDER. See Constitutional Law, III, 2.
BONDS. See Bankruptcy, 1.
BUILDING REGULATIONS. See Constitutional Law, X, 3; XI, 2.
BUILDINGS. See Constitutional Law, X, 3; XI, 2; Labor, 2.
BURDEN OF PROOF. See Aliens, 3; Constitutional Law, XI, 2;
Criminal Law, 6; Labor, 1, 3.
BUSES. See Constitutional Law, I, 2; IX, 4–5.
CALIFORNIA. See Constitutional Law, IX, 6; X, 2; XI, 1.
CAPITAL OFFENSE. See Criminal Law, 1; Jurisdiction, II, 2.
CARRIERS. See Bankruptcy, 1-3; Criminal Law, 2; Transporta-
CARS. See Transportation.
CERTIORARI. See Jurisdiction, II, 3.
CHECK. See Constitutional Law, VI, 2; Evidence.
CITIZENSHIP. See Aliens, 1-3.
CIVIL AERONAUTICS AUTHORITY. See Air Law; Constitu-
tional Law, VIII.
CLARIFICATION ACT. See Admiralty, 2.
CLASSIFICATION. See Constitutional Law, XI, 1-2.
CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER DOCTRINE. See Constitutional
Law, V.
COLLATERAL SECURITY. See Bankruptcy, 1.
COLLECTIVE BARGAINING. See Jurisdiction, I, 2; III.
COLORED PERSONS. See Constitutional Law, I, 2; IX, 4.
COMBINATION. See Antitrust Acts.
COMMERCE. See Antitrust Acts; Constitutional Law, I, 2; II,
2; III, 3; VII, 1, 3; IX, 1-7; X, 1-2; XI, 1; Criminal Law, 2;
Jurisdiction, IV, 1; Labor, 1-4; Public Utilities; Securities;
Transportation; Unfair Competition.
COMPENSATION. See Air Law; Constitutional Law, VIII;
Jurisdiction, V, 1–2.
COMPETITION. See Antitrust Acts; Unfair Competition.
COMPROMISE. See Labor, 4.
CONCURRENT FINDINGS. See Jurisdiction, II, 4.
CONDEMNATION. See Constitutional Law, VIII.
CONDITION PRECEDENT. See Constitutional Law, II, 2; Public
Utilities.
CONGRESS. See Constitutional Law, II, 1; III, 1–4; IV, 1–2; IX,
1-2, 7; X, 1.
CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS. See Constitutional Law, IV, 2.
CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTORS. See Aliens, 2.
CONSENT. See Constitutional Law, II, 1; VI, 1–2; IX, 7; Taxa-
tion, 3.
CONSPIRACY. See Antitrust Acts; Constitutional Law, VII, 1–3;
Criminal Law, 3-6.
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW. See also Jurisdiction, II, 6; V, 1; Jury,
1-2; Public Utilities.
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW-Continued.
1. Construction of Constitution.-Final authority to determine
meaning and application of words of Constitution is in this Court.
Pennekamp v. Florida, 331.
2. Challenge of constitutionality of statute.-Interstate passenger
charged with violation of state statute requiring separation of white
and colored, was proper person to challenge validity of statute as
burden on interstate commerce. Morgan v. Virginia, 373.
II. Federal-State Relations.
1. State taxation-Federal agency-Consent.-Pennsylvania tax
on "real property" of Reconstruction Finance Corporation sustained.
Reconstruction Finance Corporation v. Beaver County, 204.
2. Navigable waters-Power project-Regulation.-Compliance
with state law requiring permit not condition precedent to issuance
by Federal Power Commission of license for power project affecting
interstate commerce. First Iowa Cooperative v. Federal Power
Comm'n, 152.
1. Power of Congress-Naturalization-Cancellation.-Power of
Congress to provide for cancellation of certificates of naturalization
procured by fraud. Knauer v. U. S., 654.
2. Limitations on legislative power-Bill of attainder.-Provision of
appropriations Act permanently barring named individuals from gov-
ernment service without judicial trial, invalid as bill of attainder.
U. S. v. Lovett, 303.
3. Limitations on legislative power-Delegation-State regulation
of insurance.-Act of March 9, 1945, authorizing continuance of state
regulation and taxation of business of insurance, not delegation of
legislative power; nor violative of rule of uniformity; nor of Tenth
Amendment. Prudential Ins. Co. v. Benjamin, 408.
4. Id.-Act of March 9, 1945, not unconstitutional delegation by
Congress of power to States. Id.
1. Scope of judicial power-Justiciable questions.-Challenge of
constitutionality of provision of appropriations Act permanently
barring named individuals from government service presented jus-
ticiable question. U. S. v. Lovett, 303.
2. Scope of judicial power-Congressional elections.-Dismissal of
electors' complaint that congressional districts created by state law
lacked compactness and approximate equality of population affirmed.
Colegrove v. Green, 549.
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW-Continued.
V. Freedom of the Press.
Administration of justice-Contempt-Clear and present danger.-
Punishment of newspaper publisher and editor for contempt violated
freedom of press; editorials criticizing court's handling of pending
criminal cases not clear and present danger to fair administration of
justice. Pennekamp v. Florida, 331.
1. Reasonableness-Consent-Public documents-Gasoline ration
coupons. Conviction upon evidence involving gasoline ration coupons
which officers obtained by search and seizure voluntarily consented to,
sustained. Davis v. U. S., 582.
2. Reasonableness-Consent-Government contractor. — Convic-
tion upon evidence obtained by federal agents' lawful inspection of
books of government contractor, sustained; validity of admission in
evidence of check where knowledge of facts disclosed had been law-
fully acquired. Zap v. U. S., 624.
1. Convictions under antitrust laws. Separate convictions for con-
spiracy to restrain trade and for conspiracy to monopolize trade,
valid. American Tobacco Co. v. U. S., 781.
2. Convictions for conspiracy and substantive offenses.-Double
jeopardy no defense to convictions for both. Pinkerton v. U. S., 640.
3. Convictions for conspiracy and substantive offenses-Anti-
trust laws. Separate convictions for monopolization and for conspir-
ing to monopolize, valid. American Tobacco Co. v. U. S., 781.
Taking-Air traffic-Low-flying planes.-Frequent and regular
flights of military aircraft at low altitudes over land took easement
entitling owner to compensation. U. S. v. Causby, 256.
1. Interstate commerce-Federal regulation-Scope.-Scope of
power of Congress over interstate commerce. Prudential Ins. Co. v.
Benjamin, 408.
2. Interstate commerce-Federal-state regulation-Scope.-Scope
of power over commerce exercisable by Congress in conjunction with
States. Id.
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW-Continued.
3. Interstate commerce-Federal regulation-Federal Power Act.-
Compliance with state law requiring permit not condition precedent
to issuance by Federal Power Commission of license for power project
affecting interstate commerce. First Iowa Cooperative v. Federal
Power Comm'n, 152.
4. Interstate commerce-Transportation-State regulation-Racial
discrimination.-Virginia statute requiring separation of white and
colored passengers on buses, invalid as applied to interstate passenger
on vehicle moving interstate. Morgan v. Virginia, 373.
5. Id.-Powers reserved to States by Tenth Amendment cannot
save state statute which unduly burdens interstate commerce. Id.
6. Interstate commerce-State regulation-Insurance business.-
California nondiscriminatory statute penalizing unlicensed agent of
nonadmitted foreign insurer sustained; State may exclude foreign
insurer or agent for failure to comply with reserve requirements.
Robertson v. California, 440.
7. Interstate commerce-Insurance business-State regulation—
Consent by Congress.-South Carolina statute imposing discrimina-
tory tax on foreign insurance companies sustained; Act of Congress of
March 9, 1945, sustained. Prudential Insurance Co. v. Benjamin, 408.
X. Due Process of Law.
1. Federal legislation-Insurance business.-Act of March 9, 1945,
authorizing continuance of state regulation and taxation of business
of insurance, not violation of due process clause of Fifth Amendment.
Prudential Insurance Co. v. Benjamin, 408.
2. State regulation-Insurance business.-Requirements of Cali-
fornia statute did not operate as regulation of out-of-state activities
of foreign insurer. Robertson v. California, 440.
3. Building regulations-Lodging houses-Fire hazards.-New
York law requiring non-fireproof lodging houses in existence at time
of enactment to conform to regulations stricter than those in effect
at time of construction, valid. Queenside Hills Realty Co. v. Saxl, 80.
4. Criminal cases-Denial of constitutional rights.-Remedy in
federal court for person imprisoned in violation of Constitution, where
state remedy lacking. Woods v. Nierstheimer, 211.
5. Id.-Effect of fact that statute of limitations on proper remedy
under state law has expired. Id.
XI. Equal Protection of Laws.
1. State regulation-Insurance companies.-Reserve requirements
of California statute did not violate equal protection clause as applied
to foreign insurer. Robertson v. California, 440.
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