gency or district will make reasonable tuition payments to the ommissioner.

(9) Authorization for the governors of the States upon application efore January 1, 1954, for fiscal year 1955 and before January 1, 1955, or fiscal 1956 to have certain Indian children neither of whose parents re regularly employed on Federal property included in the compilaions of increased school population where children reside on, or heir parents are employed on, Federal property.

5. Incorporation of the National Conference on Citizenship

Public Law 257 (introduced by Senator Willis Smith, approved August 8, 1953) incorporated the National Conference on Citizenship. The law set forth the following purposes of the corporation: (1) To old annually a national conference on citizenship on or about Citizenship Day, September 17; (2) to assist in the development of more lynamic procedures for making citizenship more effective, including he promotion and encouragement of local, State, and regional citizenship conferences; and (3) to indicate the ways and means by which various organizations may contribute concretely to the development of a more active, alert, enlightened, conscientious, and progressive citizenry in our country.

The eighth National Conference on Citizenship was held in Washingson, D. Č., September 17-19, 1953, under the auspices of the United States Department of Justice and the National Education Association.

B. LAWS OF GENERAL INTEREST, SECOND SESSION

Following is a brief, analytic account of legislation of general interest ffecting education and the educational profession enacted during the econd session of the 83d Congress. This digest includes observations elating to the educational significance of some of these enactments. · Tax exemption for collegiate athletic events

A provision of Public Law 324 (introduced by Representative Daniel A. Reed, approved March 31, 1954) removed the Federal xcise tax on tickets to athletic events between educational institutions eld during the regular athletic season for such events, if the proceeds nerefrom inure exclusively to the benefit of such institutions.

Establishment of the Air Force Academy

Public Law 325 (introduced by Representative Dewey Short, pproved April 1, 1954) established the United States Air Force cademy in the Department of the Air Force for the purpose of structing and preparing for military service selected persons to be hown as Air Force Cadets. The act authorized $26 million prior January 1, 1955, and authorizations not to exceed $126 million as e total ultimate cost of the Academy.

The act provided for the selection of a location for the Academy ad gave the Secretary of the Air Force authority to acquire land, epare plans and specifications and make other specified arrangeents relating to the construction, equipment, maintenance, and eration of the Academy on a temporary and also on a permanent

sis.

The act makes all appropriate provisions of law, not inconsistent th the purposes of this act, which pertain to the United States ilitary Academy, applicable to the Air Force Academy.

3. Confirmation of title to school lands

Public Law 340 (introduced by Representative William A. Dawson, approved April 22, 1954) provided that title to certain school lands shall vest in the States under the act of January 25, 1927, notwithstanding any Federal leases which may be outstanding on such lands at the time they are surveyed.

Where, at the time rents, royalties, and bonuses accrue, the lands or mineral deposits covered by a single lease are owned in part by the State and in part by the United States, the rents, royalties, and bonuses shall be allocated between them in proportion to the acreage in said lease owned by each.

4. Promotion of aviation education

Public Law 352 (introduced by Representative Dewey Short, approved May 6, 1954) amended Public Law 472, 81st Congress, so as to increase the total of sums which may be expended for graduate study by professional personnel of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from $50,000 to $100,000 annually.

5. Additional appointments to United States Academies

Public Law 381 (introduced by Representative James E. Van Zandt, approved June 3, 1954) authorized additional appointments to the United States Military, Air Force, and Naval Academies from among the sons of certain individuals who were killed in action or who died or shall die as a result of active service in World War I, World War II, or between the period beginning June 27, 1950, and ending on a date proclaimed by the President or the Congress.

6. Change in pledge of allegiance to the flag (affecting teaching the pledge in the Nation's schools)

Public Law 396 (introduced by Representative Louis C. Rabaut. approved June 14, 1954) amended the pledge of allegiance to the flag of the United States of America in order to include between the words "nation" and "indivisible" the words "under God."

Educational organizations and agencies have given considerable publicity to this change in the pledge of allegiance in order that it may be properly taught in the schools throughout the Nation. 7. Loyalty oath requirement of ROTC students

Section 731 of the Department of Defense Appropriation Act of 1954, Public Law 458 (introduced by Representative Richard B. Wigglesworth, approved June 30, 1954) specifies that no part of the funds appropriated therein shall be expended for the support of any formally enrolled student in basic courses of the senior division, Reserve Officers Training Corps, who has not executed a certificate of loyalty or loyalty oath in such form as shall be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense.

8. Expansion of availability of food for school lunches

The Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954, Public Law 480 (introduced by Senator Andrew F. Schoeppel and others, approved July 10, 1954) contains an amendment to the Agricultural Act of 1949 affecting the national school-lunch program. Under the legislation as amended the Commodity Credit Corpora tion has authority, on such terms and under such regulations as the Secretary of Agriculture may prescribe, to donate available food

ommodities to certain distributing agencies for use in nonprofit chool-lunch programs and in the assistance of needy persons. A tate, Federal, or private agency may become eligible as the disibuting agency of federally donated connmodities upon designation proper authorities as specified in the act.

Commodities donated will be handled at points agreed upon in the ontract of donations. Except in case of agreement otherwise, all rocessing, packaging, handling, distribution, and other charges ccruing prior to delivery will be for the account of the Commodity redit Corporation, and all charges accruing subsequent to delivery ill be for the account of the distributing agency.

The new legislation has the effect of providing additional Federal sistance for the provision of lunches in the Nation's schools. Incorporation of the Board of Fundamental Education

Public Law 507 (introduced by Senator Homer E. Capehart and hers, approved July 19, 1954) incorporated the Board of Fundaental Education, to foster the development of fundamental educaon through programs and projects such as

(1) giving citizens (children, youth, and adults) opportunity to acquire the understandings and skills necessary to relate the resources of the community to the needs and interests of the community;

(2) demonstrating programs of fundamental education and measuring results;

(3) training men and women as leaders in fundamental education by providing internships and other experiences.

- Provision for a White House conference on education (preceded by State conferences on education)

Public Law 530 (introduced by Representative Joe Holt, approved ly 26, 1954) authorized appropriations in order to enable the Presint to hold in the city of Washington, D. C., before November 30, 55, a conference broadly representative of educators and other erested citizens from all parts of the Nation, to be called the White use Conference on Education. The purpose of the Conference is consider and report to the President on significant and pressing oblems in the field of education.

The act also authorized grants for State conferences on education, 1 appropriations for Federal administrative expenses. To assist h State to bring together, prior to the White House Conference on ucation, educators and other interested citizens to discuss educaal problems in the State and make recommendations for approate action to be taken at local, State, and Federal levels, the act horized an appropriation of $1 million. Sums appropriated are to allotted to the States on the basis of their respective populations ording to the latest figures certified by the Department of Comce, except that no State's allotment may be less than $15,000 luced to $5,000 by subsequent appropriation acts). For the pure of this act the term "State" includes the District of Columbia, ska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.

Authorization of cooperative research in education

n order to enable the United States Office of Education to accomh more effectively the purposes and perform the duties for which as originally established, Public Law 531 (introduced by Represent

ative John J. Rhodes, approved July 26, 1954) authorized the Commissioner of Education to enter into contracts or jointly financed cooperative arrangements with universities and colleges and State educational agencies for the conduct of research, surveys, and demonstrations in the field of education.

The act requires the Commissioner of Education to transmit to the Congress annually a report concerning the research, surveys, and demonstrations initiated thereunder, and related matters.

12. Establishment of a National Advisory Committee on Education Public Law 532 (introduced by Representative Peter Frelinghuysen, Jr., approved July 26, 1954) established a National Advisory Com mittee on Education for the purpose of securing for the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare the advice of a group of representative citizens on the initiation and conduct of studies of problems of national concern in the field of education and on appropriate action as a result of the studies.

The act specified that the Committee shall be composed of nine members appointed without regard to the civil-service laws by the Secretary from among individuals who are not otherwise in office under or in the employ of the Federal Government. A majority of the members must be other than professional educators. The Secre tary is required to designate one of the members to serve as Chairman. The Commissioner of Education is an ex officio, nonvoting member of the Committee, which is required to meet at the call of the Secretary but not less often than three times each calendar year.

13. Extension of vocational rehabilitation services (including training for rehabilitation)

Public Law 565 (introduced by Senator H. Alexander Smith and others, approved August 3, 1954) amended the Vocational Rehabilita tion Act with the purposes to promote and assist in the extension and improvement of vocational rehabilitation services, provide for a more effective use of available Federal funds, and otherwise improve the provisions of that act, and for other purposes.

Public Law 565 authorizes appropriations for grants to assist: (1) States generally in meeting the costs of their rehabilitation programs (2) States in initiating extensions of, and improvements in their rehabilitation programs; and (3) in meeting costs of projects directed toward the solution of rehabilitation problems of regional or national significance. The act broadens the scope of rehabilitation services for which such grants may be used. It changes the formula for allocation of Federal funds to States. It makes available for fiscal years 1955 and 1956 special project grants for helping States to plan, prepare for, and initiate a substantial expansion in their vocational rehabilitation programs. It provides for a gradual adjustment over a 2-year period from the former Federal-State matching ratios to those provided in the new act, and gives the States a reasonable length of time otherwise to adjust their State programs to the new provisions.

14. Tax exemption for teachers' retirement incomes

Public Law 591 (introduced by Representative Daniel A. Reed. approved August 16, 1954) revised the internal revenue laws of the United States. Section 37 provides that (in addition to the usual

rsonal exemption) up to $1,200 of the retirement income of all tired persons over age 65, and of persons under age 65 whose pensions e tax-financed, will be exempt from Federal taxation. Other prosions of the act permit work income up to $900 yearly without duction of exemption.

A large percentage of the Nation's retired teachers and other retired hool employees, together numbering over 100,000, will be eligible › benefit from the new legislation.

5. Extension of the period for veterans' education

Public Law 610 (introduced by Representative William L. Springer, pproved August 20, 1954) amended the laws granting educational enefits to certain veterans so as to extend the period during which ich benefits may be offered.

Under this act veterans having eligibility under title II, Public Law 50, 82d Congress, have until August 20, 1955, or 3 years after disarge, whichever is later, to start their education or training. They e given 8 years after discharge in which to complete their education - training.

Veterans with service-connected disabilities are given from 9 to 13 ears to complete rehabilitation training delayed on account of illness other specified reasons.

1. Extension of certain benefits to members of ROTC

Public Law 638 (introduced by Representative Harold H. Velde, proved August 24, 1954) extends the coverage of the Servicemen's demnity Act to members of the Reserve Officers Training Corps rmy, Navy, and Air Force) when called or ordered to active duty 14 days or more while on such active duty. The law made the ective date of this enactment April 25, 1951.

This act provides an added inducement to eligible individuals to roll in the ROTC at colleges and universities.

· Educational benefits to certain members of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps

Public Law 650 (introduced by Representative Edmund P. Radwan, proved February 23, 1954) provides benefits under the laws adminered by the Veterans' Administration to any person who served at st 90 days in the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps and was honory discharged for disability rendering her physically unfit to perform ther service in such corps.

Under this act such persons are eligible to receive certain educational other benefits.

Educational assistance to other nations

Public Law 665 (introduced by Representative Robert B. Chiperd, approved August 26, 1954) overhauled the administrative struce and the basic policies of the legislation involved in foreign affairs. ong various other provisions, the act authorized specified approations for technical cooperation of the United States with friendly ples in undeveloped countries to promote their economic progress ough increase of their technical knowledge and skill.

The act continues the authority of the Secretary of State to come a program for paying the educational and related cost of Chinese Korean students in the United States.