G. (Ant.) vide Abbreviations.

G. (Arith.) a numeral letter formerly denoting four hundred, and with a dash over it, thus, G, forty thousand. G. (Law) vide Abbreviations.

G. (Gram.) vide Abbreviations.

G. (Her.) denotes the dexter base, or dexter base point, in the escutcheon. [vide Heraldry]

G. (Mus.) the fifth note in the natural diatonic scale, to which Guido applied the monosyllable sol.

G. is also the name for the treble cliff, or the highest of the three cliffs. [vide Cliff]-G gamut, the first G below the bass cliff.-G above the bass cliff note, the octave above G gamut.-G in alt, the octave above G.-G in altissimo, the octave above G in alt.-G double, or double G, the octave below G gamut.

G. (Med.) or the Greek letter г, among the Greek physicians was the mark for an ounce. Gal. de Compos. Med. et de Pond. et Men.

GABA'LIUM (Bot.) a kind of spice growing in Arabia, of which they made an ointment.

GABBARA (Ant.) the name given by the Egyptians to a dead body embalmed.

GA'BEL (Law) in Saxon gapel, French gabelle, an excise
in France on salt. In our ancient records it is taken also
for a rent, service, custom, &c. yielded to the king or lord,
not by contract, but arbitrarily imposed.
GA'BERDINE (Archeol.) a coarse frock.
GABIA'NUM (Med.) vide Petroleum rubrum.
GABI'NIA lex (Ant.) vide Lex.
GABINUS cinctus (Ant.) vide Cinctus.

GABIONNA'DE (Fort.) a bulwark made with gabions.
GABIONS (Fort.) baskets about four feet in dia-

meter, and five or six feet high, which, being
filled with earth, are placed upon the batteries,
&c. as in the annexed figure.

GA'BLE (Archit.) from the Saxon gapel, the triangular end of a house.

GA'BLOCKS (Sport.) false spurs for fighting cocks.

GAD (Com.) a measure of nine feet.

GAD (Mech.) a bar of iron heated in the fire to quench liquor; also a punch of iron among miners, with a wooden handle, for breaking up the ore.

GADS (Her.) such plates of steel as are borne in the arms of the Ironmongers' Company.

GA'D-FLY (Ent.) an insect, the Oestrus of Linnæus, which has a face somewhat resembling that of an ape. It is extremely troublesome to horses, and other cattle, depositing

VOL. II.

its eggs in different parts of the body, and producing painful tumours.

GA'DARA (Mil.) a Turkish sabre with a large blade, some

what curved.

GA'DUS (Ich.) Cod-Fish; a genus of fishes of the Jugular Order.

Generic Character. Head smooth; body oblong, covered with deciduous scales; fins all covered with the common skin; ventral fins slender.

Species. The principal species are as follow, namelyGadus morhua, the Common Cod.—Gadus æglefinus, the Haddock.-Gadus callarias, the Torsk.-Gadus luscus, the Bib.-Gadus barbatus, the Whiting-Pout.-Gadus merlangus, the Whiting.-Gadus carbonarius, the CoalFish.-Gadus pollachius, the Pollack.-Gadus merluceius, the Hake.-Gadus minutus, the Poor.-Gadus molva, the Ling.-Gadus lota, the Burbot.-Gadus tricirratus, the Rockling, or Three-bearded Cod. GA'DWALL (Orn.) the name of a particular fowl of the duck species, the Anas strepera of Linnæus. GAELIC (Gram.) the language of the Highlanders, which had its immediate origin from the Celtic.

GAERTNE'RIA (Bot.) a genus of plants so called from Joseph Gærtner, M. D. F. R. S. Class 10 Decandria, Order 1 Monogynia.

Generic Character. CAL. perianth one-leaved.-COR. petals five.-STAM. filaments ten; anthers parallelopiped.PIST. germ superior; style filiform; stigma sharp-PER. capsule woody; seeds single.

Species. The single species is a shrub, as the Gartnera racemosa, Hiptage, Banisteria, Molina, Sida poa, seu Vedal, native of the East Indies.

GAFF (Mar.) in French pic ou vergue à corne; a sort of boom used to extend the upper edge of the mizen. GAFFLES (Mil.) the steel lever with which cross-bows used to be bent.

GAGATES (Min.) another name for the agate-stone. GAGE (Law) French for a pawn or pledge. Glanv. 1. 10,

c. 6.

GAGE (Mech.) or Gauge, an instrument for ascertaining measures of various kinds, as the-Gage of the air-pump, for estimating the exact degree of the rise and fall of the mercury.-Gage of the condenser, for showing the exact density of the air.-Sea Gage, for sounding the depth of the sea.- -Tide Gage, for determining the height of the tides. -Wind Gage, for measuring the force of the wind. GAGE of a ship (Mar.) a name for the number of feet which a ship draws. - Weather Gage, vide Weather Gage.

B