all business proceedings of the district, and reports to the annual meeting, to the County Clerk and County Superintendents.

Teachers must hold a certificate from the State Superintendent or County Commissioner of the county where they teach. State certificates are granted upon personal written examinations in the common branches, together with the natural sciences and higher mathematics. The holder of such certificate may teach in any public school of the State without further examination. Certificates granted by County Commissioners are of two classes, with two grades in each class, Those issued for a longer term than one year, belong to the first class and are susceptible of two grades, differing both as to length of time and attainments. Those issued for one year may represent two grades, marked by qualification alone. The township school fund arises from a grant of land by the General Government, consisting of section sixteen in each congressional township. The annual income of the township fund is appropriated to the various townships, according to their respective proprietary claims. The support from the permanent funds is supplemented by direct taxation laid upon the taxable property of each district. greatest limit of taxation for the current expenses is one per cent.; the tax permitted for school-house building cannot exceed the same amount.

The

Among the institutions of learning and ranking, perhaps, the first in importance, is the State University located at Columbia, Boone county. When the State was admitted into the Union, Congress granted to it one entire township of land (46,080 acres) for the support of "A Seminary of Learning." The lands secured for this purpose are among the best and most valuable in the State. These lands were put upon the market in 1832 and brought $75,000, which amount was invested in the stock of the old bank of the State of Missouri, where it remained and increased by accumulation to the sum of $100,000. In 1839 by an act of the General Assembly, five commissioners were appointed to select a site for the State University, the site to contain at least fifty acres of land in a compact form, within two miles of the county seat of Cole, Cooper, Howard, Boone, Callaway or Saline. Bids were let among the counties named and the county of Boone having subscribed the sum of $117,921, some $18,000 more than any other county, the State University was located in that county, and on the 4th of July, 1840, the corner-stone was laid with imposing ceremonies.

The present annual income of the University is nearly $65,000. There are still unsold about 200,000 acres of land from the grant of 1862. The donations to the institutions connected therewith amount to nearly $400,000. This University with its different departments, is opened to both male and female and both sexes enjoy alike its rights and privileges. Among the professional schools, which form a part of the University, are the Normal, or College of Instruction in Teaching; the Agricultural and Mechanical College; the School of Mines and Metallurgy; the College of Law; the Medical College; and the Department of Analytical and Applied Chemistry. Other departments are contemplated and will be added as necessity requires.

The following will show the names and locations of the schools and institu tion of the State as reported by the Commissioner of Education in 1875:

Missouri Agricultural and Mechanical College (University of Missouri). Columbia. Schools of Mines and Metallurgy (University of Missouri).

Polytechnic Institute (Washington University).

SCHOOLS OF THEOLOGY.

St. Vincent's College (Theological Department)

Westminster College (Theological School).

Vardeman School of Theology (William Jewell College)
Concordia College.

SCHOOLS OF LAW.

Law School of the University of Missouri.
Law School of the Washington University.

. Columbia.

. St. Louis.

Cape Girardeau.

Columbia.

St. Louis.

St. Louis Medical College

St. Louis.

Homeopathic Medical College of Missouri

Missouri School of Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children. St. Louis. Missouri Central College.

St. Louis College of Pharmacy

St. Louis.
St. Louis.

Law Library Association

German Evang. Lutheran, Concordia College. St. Louis

Missouri Medical College

LOCATION

VOLUMES

Cape Girardeau.
Cape Girardeau.

Columbia.

Columbia

.Columbia.

Columbia

Fulton

The fact that Missouri supports and maintains four hundred and seventy-one newspapers and periodicals, shows that her inhabitants are not only a reading and reflecting people, but that they appreciate "The Press," and its wonderful influence as an educator. The poet has well said:

But mightiest of the mighty means,
On which the arm of progress leans,
Man's noblest mission to advance,
His woes assuage, his weal enhance,
His rights enforce, his wrongs redress-
Mightiest of mighty is the Press.

CHAPTER XII.

RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS.

Baptist Church-Its History-Congregational-When Founded-Its History-Christian Church -Its History-Cumberland Presbyterian Church-Its History-Methodist Ep scopal Church -Its History-Presbyterian Church-Its History-Protestant Episcopal Church-Its History -United Presbyterian Church-Its History-Unitarian Church-Its History-Roman Cath olic Church-Its History.

The first representatives of religious thought and training, who penetrated the Missouri and Mississippi Valleys, were Pere Marquette, La Salle and others of Catholic persuasion, who performed missionary labor among the Indians. A century afterward came the Protestants. At that early period

"A church in every grove that spread

Its living roof above their heads."

constituted for a time, their only house of worship, and yet to them

"No Temple built with hands could vie

In glory with its majesty."

In the course of time, the seeds of Protestantism were scattered along the shores of the two great rivers which form the eastern and western boundaries of the State, and still a little later they were sown upon her hill-sides and broad prairies, where they have since bloomed and blossomed as the rose.

BAPTIST CHURCH.

The earliest Anti-Catholic religious denomination, of which there is any record, was organized in Cape Girardeau county in 1806, through the efforts of Rev. David Green, a Baptist, and a native of Virginia. In 1816, the first associa tion of Missouri Baptists was formed, which was composed of seven churches, all of which were located in the southeastern part of the State. In 1817 a second association of churches was formed, called the Missouri Association, the name being afterwards changed to St. Louis Association. In 1834, a general convention of all the churches of this denomination, was held in Howard County, for the purpose of effecting a central organization, at which time, was commenced what is now known, as the "General Association of Missouri Baptists."

To this body, is committed the State mission work, denominational educa tion, foreign missions and the circulation of religious literature. The Baptist Church has under its control, a number of schools and colleges, the most import ant of which is William Jewell College, located at Liberty, Clay County. As shown by the annual report for 1875, there were in Missiouri, at that date, sixtyone associations, one thousand four hundred churches, eight hundred and twenty four ministers and eighty-nine thousand six hundred and fifty church members.

CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.

The Congregationalists inaugurated their missionary labors in the State in 1814. Rev. Samuel J. Mills, of Torringford, Connecticut, and Rev. Daniel Smith, of Bennington, Vermont, were sent west by the Massachusetts Congregation Home Missionary Society during that year, and in November, 1814, they preached the first regular Protestant sermons in St. Louis. Rev. Salmon Giddings, sent out under the auspices of the Connecticut Congregational Missionary