To revise and extend the laws relating to espionage and sabotage, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That this Act, Espionage and divided into titles and sections, may be cited as the "Espionage and Sabotage Act of Sabotage Act of 1954". TITLE I-WAR AND DEFENSE MATERIALS, PREMISES AND UTILITIES 1954. SEC. 101. Section 2151 of title 18, United States Code, is amended 62 Stat. 798. to read as follows: "2151. Definitions. "As used in this chapter: "The words 'war material' include arms, armament, ammunition, livestock, forage, forest products and standing timber, stores of clothing, air, water, food, foodstuffs, fuel, supplies, munitions, and all articles, parts or ingredients, intended for, adapted to, or suitable for the use of the United States or any associate nation, in connection with the conduct of war or defense activities. "The words 'war premises' include all buildings, grounds, mines, or other places wherein such war material is being produced, manufactured, repaired, stored, mined, extracted, distributed, loaded, unloaded, or transported, together with all machinery and appliances therein contained; and all forts, arsenals, navy yards, camps, prisons, or other installations of the Armed Forces of the United States, or any associate nation. "The words 'war utilities' include all railroads, railways, electric lines, roads of whatever description, any railroad or railway fixture, canal, lock, dam, wharf, pier, dock, bridge, building, structure, engine, machine, mechanical contrivance, car, vehicle, boat, aircraft, airfields, air lanes, and fixtures or appurtenances thereof, or any other means of transportation whatsoever, whereon or whereby such war material or any troops of the United States, or of any associate nation, are being or may be transported either within the limits of the United States or upon the high seas or elsewhere; and all air-conditioning systems, dams, reservoirs, aqueducts, water and gas mains and pipes, structures and buildings, whereby or in connection with which air, water or gas is being furnished, or may be furnished, to any war premises or to the Armed Forces of the United States, or any associate nation, and all electric light and power, steam or pneumatic power, telephone and telegraph plants, poles, wires, and fixtures, and wireless stations, and the buildings connected with the maintenance and operation thereof used to supply air, water, light, heat, power, or facilities of communication to any war premises or to the Armed Forces of the United States, or any associate nation. "The words 'associate nation' mean any nation at war with any nation with which the United States is at war. "The words 'national-defense material' include arms, armament, ammunition, livestock, forage, forest products and standing timber, stores of clothing, air, water, food, foodstuffs, fuel, supplies, munitions, and all other articles of whatever description and any part or ingredient thereof, intended for, adapted to, or suitable for the use of the United States in connection with the national defense or for use in or in connection with the producing, manufacturing, repairing, storing, mining, extracting, distributing, loading, unloading, or 68 Stat. 1216. 68 Stat. 1217. All 68 Stat. 1145. Authority to deny benefits. Armed Foro es, rolls. Separability. Statute of limitations. 62 Stat. 828. SEC. 7. This Act shall not be construed as restricting authority under any other provision of law to deny or withhold benefits authorized by law. SEC. 8. The President may drop from the rolls any member of the Armed Forces, including the Regular and Reserve components thereof, the Fleet Reserve, and the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve, and any member of the Coast and Geodetic Survey or of the Public Health Service, who is deprived of retired pay under the provisions of this Act. SEC. 9. If any provision of this Act, or the application of such provision to any person or circumstance, shall be held invalid, the remainder of this Act, or the application of such provision to persons or circumstances other than those as to which it is held invalid, shall not be affected thereby. SEC. 10. (a) Section 3282 of title 18 of the United States Code is amended by striking out "three" and inserting in lieu thereof "five". (b) The amendment made by subsection (a) shall be effective with respect to offenses (1) committed on or after the date of enactment of this Act, or (2) committed prior to such date, if on such date prosecution therefor is not barred by provisions of law in effect prior to such date. Approved September 1, 1954. To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to provide for the loss of nationality of persons convicted of certain crimes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Expatriation Ast United States of America in Congress assembled, That this Act may be cited as the "Expatriation Act of 1954". of 1954. 62 Stat. 808. SEC. 2. Paragraph (9) of subsection (a) of section 349 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (66 Stat. 163, 268; 8 U. S. C. 1481 (a) (9)) is amended to read as follows: "(9) committing any act of treason against, or attempting by force to overthrow, or bearing arms against, the United States, violating or conspiring to violate any of the provisions of section 2383 of title 18, United States Code, or willfully performing any act in violation of section 2385 of title 18, United States Code, or violating section 2384 of said title by engaging in a conspiracy to overthrow, put down, or to destroy by force the Government of the United States, or to levy war against them, if and when he is convicted thereof by a court martial or by a court of competent jurisdiction; or". To revise and extend the laws relating to espionage and sabotage, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That this Act, Espionage and divided into titles and sections, may be cited as the "Espionage and Sabotage Aot of Sabotage Act of 1954". TITLE I-WAR AND DEFENSE MATERIALS, PREMISES AND UTILITIES 1954. SEC. 101. Section 2151 of title 18, United States Code, is amended 62 Stat. 798. to read as follows: "2151. Definitions. "As used in this chapter: "The words 'war material' include arms, armament, ammunition, livestock, forage, forest products and standing timber, stores of clothing, air, water, food, foodstuffs, fuel, supplies, munitions, and all articles, parts or ingredients, intended for, adapted to, or suitable for the use of the United States or any associate nation, in connection with the conduct of war or defense activities. "The words 'war premises' include all buildings, grounds, mines, or other places wherein such war material is being produced, manufactured, repaired, stored, mined, extracted, distributed, loaded, unloaded, or transported, together with all machinery and appliances therein contained; and all forts, arsenals, navy yards, camps, prisons, or other installations of the Armed Forces of the United States, or any associate nation. The words 'war utilities' include all railroads, railways, electric lines, roads of whatever description, any railroad or railway fixture, canal, lock, dam, wharf, pier, dock, bridge, building, structure, engine, machine, mechanical contrivance, car, vehicle, boat, aircraft, airfields, air lanes, and fixtures or appurtenances thereof, or any other means of transportation whatsoever, whereon or whereby such war material or any troops of the United States, or of any associate nation, are being or may be transported either within the limits of the United States or upon the high seas or elsewhere; and all air-conditioning systems, dams, reservoirs, aqueducts, water and gas mains and pipes, structures and buildings, whereby or in connection with which air, water or gas is being furnished, or may be furnished, to any war premises or to the Armed Forces of the United States, or any associate nation, and all electric light and power, steam or pneumatic power, telephone and telegraph plants, poles, wires, and fixtures, and wireless stations, and the buildings connected with the maintenance and operation thereof used to supply air, water, light, heat, power, or facilities of communication to any war premises or to the Armed Forces of the United States, or any associate nation. "The words 'associate nation' mean any nation at war with any nation with which the United States is at war. "The words 'national-defense material' include arms, armament, ammunition, livestock, forage, forest products and standing timber, stores of clothing, air, water, food, foodstuffs, fuel, supplies, munitions, and all other articles of whatever description and any part or ingredient thereof, intended for, adapted to, or suitable for the use of the United States in connection with the national defense or for use in or in connection with the producing, manufacturing, repairing, storing, mining, extracting, distributing, loading, unloading, or 68 Stat. 1216. 68 Stat. 1217. 62 Stat. 799. 68 Stat. 1217. transporting of any of the materials or other articles herein before mentioned or any part or ingredient thereof. "The words 'national-defense premises' include all buildings, grounds, mines, or other places wherein such national-defense material is being produced, manufactured, repaired, stored, mined, extracted, distributed, loaded, unloaded, or transported, together with all machinery and appliances therein contained; and all forts, arsenals, navy yards, camps, prisons, or other installations of the Armed Forces of the United States. "The words 'national-defense utilities' include all railroads, railways, electric lines, roads of whatever description, railroad or railway. fixture, canal, lock, dam, wharf, pier, dock, bridge, building, structure, engine, machine, mechanical contrivance, car, vehicle, boat, aircraft, airfields, air lanes, and fixtures or appurtenances thereof, or any other means of transportation whatsoever, whereon or whereby such national-defense material, or any troops of the United States, are being or may be transported either within the limits of the United States or upon the high seas or elsewhere; and all air-conditioning systems, dams, reservoirs, aqueducts, water and gas mains and pipes, structures, and buildings, whereby or in connection with which air, water, or gas may be furnished to any national-defense premises or to the Armed Forces of the United States, and all electric light and power, steam or pneumatic power, telephone and telegraph plants, poles, wires, and fixtures and wireless stations, and the buildings connected with the maintenance and operation thereof used to supply air, water, light, heat, power, or facilities of communication to any national-defense premises or to the Armed Forces of the United States." SEC. 102. Section 2153 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: ❝g 2153. Destruction of war material, war premises, or war utilities. "(a) Whoever, when the United States is at war, or in times of national emergency as declared by the President or by the Congress, with intent to injure, interfere with, or obstruct the United States or any associate nation in preparing for or carrying on the war or defense activities, or, with reason to believe that his act may injure, interfere with, or obstruct the United States or any associate nation in preparing for or carrying on the war or defense activities, willfully injures, destroys, contaminates or infects, or attempts to so injure, destroy, contaminate or infect any war material, war premises, or war utilities, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than thirty years, or both. "(b) If two or more persons conspire to violate this section, and one 68 Stat. 1218 or more of such persons do any act to effect the object of the conspiracy, each of the parties to such conspiracy shall be punished as provided in subsection (a) of this section." 62 Stat. 799. SEC. 103. Section 2154 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: "g 2154. Production of defective war material, war premises, or war utilities. "(a) Whoever, when the United States is at war, or in times of national emergency as declared by the President or by the Congress, with intent to injure, interfere with, or obstruct the United States or any associate nation in preparing for or carrying on the war or defense activities, or, with reason to believe that his act may injure, in preparing for or carrying on the war or defense activities, willfully makes, constructs, or causes to be made or constructed in a defective manner, or attempts to make, construct, or cause to be made or constructed in a defective manner any war material, war premises or war utilities, or any tool, implement, machine, utensil, or receptacle used or employed in making, producing, manufacturing, or repairing any such war material, war premises or war utilities, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than thirty years, or both. "(b) If two or more persons conspire to violate this section, and one or more of such persons do any act to effect the object of the conspiracy, each of the parties to such conspiracy shall be punished as provided in subsection (a) of this section."" SEC. 104. Section 2155 of title 18, United States Code, is amended 62 Stat. 799. to read as follows: ❝g 2155. Destruction of national-defense materials, national-defense premises or national-defense utilities. "(a) Whoever, with intent to injure, interfere with, or obstruct the national defense of the United States, willfully injures, destroys, contaminates or infects, or attempts to so injure, destroy, contaminate or infect any national-defense material, national-defense premises, or national-defense utilities, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both. "(b) If two or more persons conspire to violate this section, and one or more of such persons do any act to effect the object of the conspiracy, each of the parties to such conspiracy shall be punished as provided in subsection (a) of this section." SEC. 105. Section 2156 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to 62 Stat. 800. read as follows: " 2156. Production of defective national-defense material, national defense premises or national-defense utilities. "(a) Whoever, with intent to injure, interfere with, or obstruct the national defense of the United States, willfully makes, constructs, or attempts to make or construct in a defective manner, any nationaldefense material, national-defense premises or national-defense utilities, or any tool, implement, machine, utensil, or receptacle used or employed in making, producing, manufacturing, or repairing any such national-defense material, national-defense premises or nationaldefense utilities, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both. "(b) If two or more persons conspire to violate this section, and one or more of such persons do any act to effect the object of the conspiracy, each of the parties to such conspiracy shall be punished as provided in subsection (a) of this section." 68 Stat. 1218. SEC. 106. The analysis immediately preceding section 2151 of title 68 Stat. 1219. 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: "Sec. 2151. Definitions. 2152. Fortifications, harbor defenses or defensive sea areas. 2153. Destruction of war material, war premises or war utilities. 2154. Production of defective war material, war premises or war utilities. 2155. Destruction of national-defense materials, national defense premises or national-defense utilities. 2156. Production of defective national-defense material, national-defense |