Committee Prints

Chapter XI. Relevant Laws and Proposals, 84th Congress-Continued
B. Laws enacted by the 84th Congress-Continued
Appropriations, fiscal 1957-Continued
(k) Howard University.

5. Scholarships for students of science and education.....

145

6. Scholarships for medical and dental students....

145

9. Federal aid for school construction.

A. Introduction and summary.

7. Construction of medical and dental school facilities...
8. The "oil-for-education" proposal..

10. Tax deduction for educational expenditures...

11. Further extension of veterans' educational benefits-
12. Promotion of aviation training....

13. Other relevant bills and resolutions....

D. Proposals from the Subcommittee on Research and Development,
Joint Committee on Atomic Energy..

Chapter XII. Noncongressional Proposals (toward the development of
professional manpower).

B. Proposals emanating from organizations and agencies.

146

148

149

150

151

153

154

1. Tax credit plan to aid students (American Council on
Education).

154

2. Aid to institutions for construction of facilities, etc.
(Scientific Manpower Commission).

156

3. Extension of educational opportunity (Association for
Higher Education)__

156

4. Better utilization of women's services, etc. (Educational
Policies Commission)..

157

5. Improving opportunities for the gifted, etc. (Educational
Policies Commission)----

157

6. A GI bill for teachers, etc. (State Conferences on Educa-
tion, 1955) ---

158

7. General program of Federal scholarships, etc. (National
Education Association).

159

8. Recognition of Federal responsibility for certain costs,
etc. (American Association of Land-Grant Colleges
and State Universities)..

159

9. Development of area vocational schools (American Voca-
tional Association).

160

10. Other proposals...

161

C. Proposals advanced by prominent individuals

161

1. Federal aid to able students, etc. (Hon. Adlai Stevenson),
2. A Federal Department of Science, etc. (Prof. Emile
Benoit)..

162

163

3. A national scholarship program, etc. (former Senator
William Benton)---

164

4. Federal scholarship loans (Dean Lindley J. Stiles).
5. Modification of military service laws, etc. (Mr. B. F.
Hake).

165

166

6. Strengthening education and research (Hon. Alan T.
Waterman).

167

7. More support from all levels of government (Hon. Marion
B. Folsom).

168

8. National solution for a national problem (Gen. Nathan
F. Twining).

169

9. Creation of respect for scholarships, etc. (Maj. Gen. James
McCormack, Jr., USAF Ret.)

169

10. Face problem on our own terms (Dr. Nicholas De Witt)--
11. Creation of teaching incentives (Mr. Charles G. Mortimer).
12. Proposals by other prominent persons-

170

171

172

DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC, ENGINEERING, AND OTHER

PROFESSIONAL MANPOWER

(With Emphasis on the Role of the Federal Government)

INTRODUCTION

The purpose, nature, and scope of this report, briefly indicated in the foreword, call for elucidation here.

The report essentially does two things: (1) It brings together, digests, and critically summarizes extensive, selected information bearing on the question of the development of scientific, engineering, and other professional manpower; (2) on the basis of this study it critically analyzes the problem as a whole.

The purpose is to provide a broad, informational base for congressional determination of the future role of the Federal Government in the production of scientific, engineering, and other professional manpower. The Federal Government is already playing an important role in this development and, through existing legislation, will continue to do so. However, modification of the Federal role by the 85th Congress could momentously affect the national welfare.

This report assumes that, in order intelligently to consider the many proposals for Federal legislation affecting the development of technical and professional manpower, Members of Congress need organized information concerning a number of matters. Some of these are emphasized herein, namely: (1) The findings from statistical studies bearing on the subject-including United States and Soviet Union comparisons; (2) the opinions of experts and other thinkers on various aspects of it; (3) the historic Federal role in education of professional personnel, especially with respect to policy and precedent for current proposals affecting that role; (4) the historic role of the States in education; (5) current Federal programs giving aid to students for professional training; (6) other Federal programs and activities contributory to the development of professional personnel; (7) activities of nongovernmental organizations promoting the development of such personnel; (8) relevant laws enacted by the 84th Congress and proposals introduced in that Congress which were not enacted and have been or are apt to be reintroduced in the 85th Congress; and (9) noncongressional proposals, by organizations of various kinds and by prominent individuals.

This report does not deal fully with all aspects of the complex manpower development problem. Any one of a number of its aspects might constitute the subject of more extensive study, including congressional hearings. Full pursuit of all of the ramifications of the subject would be an undertaking for a commission. However, it is believed that this study has brought forth a suflicient number of the

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