-losopher, son of Nestorius, who flourished about the time of the first Emperor Constantinus. 5 Charonea was in old time called AрNн, as Pau-sanias, followed by Stephanus of Byzantium, says: ΕΚΑΛΕΙΤΟ ΔΕ Η ΠΟΛΙΣ ΑΡΝΗ ΤΟ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΝ .” Under this name it is mentioned in Homer's Cata-logue of Ships: 6 and in Lycophron's Cassandra (v. 644): APNHC ΠΑΛΑΙΑΣ ΓΕΝΝΑ ΤΕΜΜΙΚΩΝ πΡΟΜΟΙ. Alluding to the city's change of name, Plutarchus himself says:7 -NHN ΩΣΠΕΡ ΤΗΝ ΕΜΗΝ ΠΑΤΡΙΔΑ προς ΖΕΦΥΡΟΝ ΑΝΕΜΟΝ ΚΕΚΛΙΜΕ ΚΑΙ ΤΟΝ ΗΛΙΟΝ ΕΡΕΙΔΟΝΤΑ ΔΕΙΛΗΣ ΑΠΟ ΤΟΥ ΠΑΡΝΑΣ ΟΥ TAC ΑΝΑΤΟΛΑΣ ΤΡΑΠΗΝΑΙ ΛΕΓΟYCIN ΥΛΟ ΤΟΥ ΔΕΧΟΜΕΝΗΝ ΕΠΙ 1 XAIPWNOC." Charonea was but a very small city in Plutarch's time 8: 66 HMEIC ΔΕ ΜΙΚΡΑΝ ΟΙΚΟΥΝΤΕΣ ΠΟΛΙΝ, ΚΑΙ INA MH MIKPOTEPA ΓΕΝΗΤΑΙ ΦΙΛΟχωρο γΝΤΕΣ Even in the time of Lucullus, nearly 200 years be-fore the time of Plutarchus, the city was very much reduced 9: 5 Brucker (Hist. Phil., Vol. 2, p. 183.) says: "Duodecim Plutarchos cum enumerent viri docti, noster ab aliis accurate distinguendus, et imprimis cum Plutarcho Nestorii -fundendus non est. con 8 BIWN MAрAAA. p. 846, E. [ i. e. in vit. Demosth. ] 9 in vit. Cimon. p. 479, A. ΑΤΕ ΔΗ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΣ ΠΑΤΡΙΔΟΣ ΗΜΩΝ тоте лупра пратгоуснс ΚΑΙ ΔΙΑ ΜΙΚΡΟΤΗΤΑ ΚΑΙ ΠΕΝΙΑΝ ΠΑΡΟΡΩΜΕΝΗΣ Marcus Antonius forced the Charonenses to serve as porters; and caused them to be flogged when they were dilatory with their burdens; as Plutar-chus relates in his life of that commander. 10 Cap. III. The Boeotians were generally considered as a stu-pid people. Thus Cicero says 1: "Athenis tenue cœlum, ex quo acutiores etiam putantur Attici: crassum Thebis, itaque pingues Thebani et valentes. " Similarly Dionysius Halicarnessensis says 2: ΑΘΗΝΑΙΟΣ ToPoc ΛΑΛΟΣ софос : IWN аврос, 1 ANEIME -NOC : Βοιωτος ΕΥΗΘΗΣ : ΘΕΤΤΑΛΟΣ ΔΙΠΛΟΥΣ по кілос." and Lucianus introduces Momus as saying [to Hercules]: "6 ΑΓΡΟΙΚΟΝ ΤΟΥΤΟ ΕΙΡΗΚΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΔΕΙΝΟΣ ΒΟΙΩΤΙΟΝ.” Plutarchus himself acknowledges that this failing was attributed to his compatriots, when he speaks of Hercules as NEOC WN KAI KOMIAH BOIWTIOC.” and when again he says 5: τους Βοιωτους HMAC οι ΑΤΤΙΚΟΙ, ΚΑΙ ΠΑΧΕΙΣ, ΚΑΙ ΑΝ -ΑΙΘΗΤΟΥΣ, ΚΑΙ ΗΛΙΘΙΟΥΣ, ΜΑΛΙΣΤΑ ΔΙΑ ΤΑΣ ΑΔΗΦΑΓΙΑΣ, προς ΗΓΟΡΕΥΟΝ · οντοι se Ay crct.” 2 In syntagm. пeрi лoгWN EZETACEWC . [In his admirable “ Jupiter Tragœdus," ch. 32. ] 4 In libr, περι του ει ΤΟΥ ΕΝ Δελφοίς, p. 387, D, 5 In orat. лері саркофагіас, р. 995, Е. He remarks, however, that this reproach was al-ready wearing away, when expressing his fear 6 ΑΝΕΓΕΙΡΕΙΝ ΤΟ ΚΑΤΑ ΒΟΙΩΤΩΝ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΝ EIC MICΟΛΟΓΙΑΝ ΟΝΕΙΟΔΟΣ ΗΔΗ ΜΑΡΑΙΝΟΜΕΝΟΝ. But the talents of Epaminondas and Pindarus had already shewn : Summos posse viros, et magna exempla daturos as Juvenalis says, when speaking of Democritus, a native of Abdera, in Thrace, a calumniated city, in a similarly calumniated country. Cap. IV. The year in which Plutarchus was born cannot be exactly ascertained. 8 Origines & mentions him among the τοις Νεωτεροις ΚΑΙ ΧΘΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΡΩΗΝ ΓΕΓΕΝΗΜΕΝΟΙΣ And Origines was born A. D. 191, according to the anonymous author of the Fasti Siculi; and flourish-ed Ă. D. 230, according to the Chronicon of Euse-bius. Photius, as also Paulus Diaconus, mentions Plu-tarchus en TOY NEPWNOC. The anonymous writer, above mentioned, says, at the 13th. year of Nero, when Capito and Rufus were consuls : " ΚΑΤΑ ΤΟΥΤΟΝ ΤΟΝ ΧΡΟΝΟΝ ΛΟΥΚΙΑΝΟΣ ΠΑΡΑ ΡΩΜΑΙΟΙΣ 6 In libr. περι του σωκρατογς ΔΑΙΜΟΝΙΟΥ, Ρ. 575, Ε. 7 Sat. X. v. 49. 8 KATA KEACOY, B. 5. [ p. 268. edit. Spencer. ] 9 Myriobibl. Cod. 245. in fine. " МЕГАС HN ΚΑΙ ΕΠΑΙΝΟΥΜΕΝΟΣ : ΟΜΟΙΩΣ AE KAI MOYCWNIOC, ΚΑΙ ΠΛΟΥΤΑΡΧος, φιλοσοφοι ΕΓΝΩΡΙΖΟΝΤΟ. Eusebius, in one part of his Chronicle, places Mu-sonius and Plutarchus in the 14th. year of Nero; but, in another part of his Chronicle, at the 3rd. year of the 224th. Olympiad, or A. D. 120, he says: "ПлоYтAрXоC XAIPWNEYC, CEZTOC ΚΑΙ ΑΓΑΘΟΒΟΥ-1ος, φιλοσοφοι ΕΓΝΩΡΙΖΟΝΤΟ . So also Suidas says of Plutarchus : ΓΕΓΟΝΕΝΑΙ ΕΠΙ ΤΩΝ ΤΡΑΓΑΝΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΚΑΙ CAPOC ΧΡΟΝΩΝ ΚΑΙ ETI просOEN . All the information that can be derived from these contradictory data, is, that Plutarchus was proba-bly born about the middle of the reign of Claudius. 10 He could not have been born much later: because, when Nero (probably about the 11th. year of his reign was at Delphi, Plutarchus was already stu-dying under Ammonius. 2 Again, he could not have been born much earlier; because he lived (probably many years) under the reign of Trajanus. 3 10 Who reigned from the 24th. of Jan. A. D. 41 to the 13th. of Oct. A. D. 54. 1 A. D. 66. . vid. libr. nepI TOY EI EN AEлp. p. 385, B. 3 Who reigned from the 27th, of July A. D. 98, to Aug. A. D. 117. |