On the 7th, I went to visit the fort of Lesbe and the towers of Bogaz. They have not continued the works of that fort, which is in a bad state: those of Bogaz are in a good condition. There is a garrison of 200 men in the fort and in the towers. On the 8th, 1 received the visit of Hassan Toubar: his influence over the inhabitants of Mensale is still the same.-On the 9th, I went to Senenie, where I saw the Cheik Ibrahim-ElBehlout, he who behaved so well to the French under the orders of General Vial, when they were taken and imprisoned. The First Consul had exempted his village from all contributions. -I saw all the Cheiks at Damietta, particularly Ali Khasaki, whom the First Consul had invested with a pelisse: he is possessed of great credit, and is much attached to the French. There are at Damietta two christians, who are men of merit, and may be very useful to us :they are M. Bazile and Don Bazile. They are possessed of good information, have very considerable fortunes, and are very highly respected. In Egypt, chiefs, merchants, people, all like to talk of the First Consul-all offer up prayers for his happiness. All the news which concerns him spread from Alexandria or Damietta to the pyramids and the grand cataracts, with astonishing rapadity. On the 14th the frigate arrived at Bogaz from Damietta. I immediately set out for Acre, at which place I arrived on the 19th.

The 20th of Nov. in the morning, I dispatched Citizens Joubert and Legrange to Dgezzar- Pacha, with a letter, in which I stated to him, that peace being concluded between France and the Porte, the relations of commerce should be re-established on the footing they stood before the war, and that I was charged by the First Consul to confer with him on these objects. I begged of him to answer me in writing, if he was inclined to treat with me. In some hours the messengers returned-Dgezzar had received them coldly. He expressed his desire to see me personally, but was unwilling to write. Every body advised me not to see him, without an assurance written by himself; but this he appeared unwilling to do: but notwithstanding this cautionary advice, and his obstinate refusal to write, I determined to repair myself immediately to Acre.-1 repaired to the house of the Commissary of the Seven Isles. Very soon after, the Drogoman of the Pacha, informed of my arrival, came to conduct me to the Pacha, who received me in an apartment where he was unattended, and which was without any other furniture than a carpet, He had on one side of him a pistol with four barrels, a small air-gun, a sabre and a hatchet. After inquiring as to my health, he asked me, whether I was not persuaded that our end is pre-ordained in Heaven, and that nothing could change our destiny. 1 answered that I believed as he did, in predestination. He continued to speak for some time on that subject. 1 perceived, however, that he affected a degree of simplicity, but that, at the same time, he wished to pass for a man of wit, as well as for a just man. He repeated several times- It is said, that Dgezzar is barbarous-this is false, he is but just and severe. Request of the First Consul, not to send me, as Commissary of Com

mercial Relations, a lame or a blind man; because such a person would be sure to say, that Dgezzar had made him so.' Soon after, he said, I desire that the Commissary you may send shall reside at Seide; as that is the most commercial port in my dominions: besides, it is not necessary he should reside here, where I shall be myself the French commissary, and shall take care that your countrymen be well received. I highly esteem the French. In stature Buonaparté is small, but he is nevertheless the greatest of mankind. I know that he is greatly regretted at Cairo, where they wish to see him again. I made a few observations on the peace between France and the Porte; to which he answered, Do you know why I have thus received, and feel so much pleasure at seeing you? It is because you come unauthorised by a firman, and without any orders from the Divan. I have the greatest contempt for its blind vizier. They say that Dgezzar is a Bosnian, a man of straw, and cruel to excess; but nevertheless, I can stand the ordeal. I was once poor. My father had nothing to bequeath me but courage. I have achieved my own elevation, by dint of exertion. This, however, does not make me proud, and Dgezzar, perhaps, will soon finish his career, not that he is old, as his enemies report, (he then performed some of the manoeuvres of the Mamelukes, in their mode of rising their arms, &c. which he really executed with surprising adroitness and agility), but because, most likely, God will have it so. The King of France, once so powerful, has perished.-Nebuchadnezzar, the greatest of all Kings, was, when his time was come, killed by a fly, &c.' He made several other observations in this strain, and afterwards spoke of the motives which induced him to make war upon the French army; from the whole of his demeanour it could easily be seen, that he wished to be on good terms with the First Consul, and that he stifled his resentments.-The following is the apologue, which he used to demonstrate the causes of his resistance. A black slave,' he said, 'after a long journey, in which he had suffered the greatest privations, arrived, at a little field of sugar canes-he stopped therein, and indulged himself in partaking of the delici ous liquor they afforded, and at length was determined to remain on the spot. Very soon after, two travellers, who had followed him came up. The first said to him, Salamallee (the mode of wishing health). The devil take it, answered the black. The second traveller then approached, and inquired why he had answered in such a way to so good a wish. I had very good reason for it replied he; if I had, answered in a friendly manner, the man would have entered into conversation with me, and afterwards sat down beside me; he would have partaken of my refreshments, and finding them desirable, would have endeavoured to obtain exclusive possession.'-I recommended to the faable attention of Dgezzar the christians and the convents at Nazareth and Jesrusalem; he assured me that he would treat them with much regard. I did not forget the Mutuales, and received the same assurance in their behalf. Dgezzar frequently observed to me, that his

word was, with him, more sacred than treaties. Our conversation was interrupted for some moments by a kind of military music, which he performed in a very agreeable stile. The palace of Dgezzar is built with much taste and elegance; but, in order to arrive at the apartments, a Bumber of turnings are necessary. At the foot of the staircase, however, is situated a prison, the gate of which is allowed to be open from noon till evening. I saw a number of the unfortunate inhabitants. In the courts I observed twelve field-pieces well mounted, and in admirable order. Never did I encounter a sight more hideous or repulsive than that of the minister of Dgezzar, whom I met in going out. The Pacha had caused one of his eyes to be put out, and his nose and ears to be cut off. I saw in the town more than a hundred individuals in the same state. On beholding the domestics of Dgezzar, and even the inhabitants of Acre, one would imagine himself in the resorts of Brigands, ready to assassinate. This monster has imprinted the mark of his atrocious character upon every thing within the limits of his power. I had an opportunity of seeing while at Acre, the procurateur of the Propaganda, as well as that of the Holy Land. Of the former, and of the Commissary of the Seven Isles, I collected some information concerning the present state of Syria, and the fortifications of Acre, of which I had seen but a part-I was not suffered to visit them. The procurateur of the Holy Land is grateful to the First Consul for the protection he had afforded the monks. He assured me that my recommendation to Dgezzar would be very useful. He hinted to me Dgezzar's earnest wishes to be on good terms with the First Consul. It is certain that the former behaved very well to the crew of a French vessel which put into Acre shortly before my arrival.-Dgezzar occupies all Palestine, with the exception of Jaffa, where Aboumarak Pacha has been besieged nearly five months, by a force of 9000 men. This operation prevents Dgezzar from carrying on hostilities with the desired vigour, against the Emir of the Druses, who for the space of a year, had paid him no tribute.-Tripoli is tranquil at present: it is different at Aleppo, whence the Pacha has been driven. Damascus is in open rebellion against the Porte-not only has the Pacha of the Divan been expelled, but the Aga who commanded the Citadel for the Turks, has been delivered up by the soldiers to the insurgents, who have decapitated him. Tripoli is now under a rebellious Pacha, who is a creature of Dgezzar, who has lately ordered him to protect the pilgrims from Mecca. In a word, ali Syria is with Dgezzar, and the Ottomans are as much detested here, as in Egypt.-The Mutuales live peaceably n their villages; they have, however, been obliged to retire from the borders of the sea: Aboumarak is now at the last extremity; this man is equally inconsiderate and cruel, and is surpassed only by Dgezzar.-The Christians are even more in dread of him, and tremble for their futute situation. The monks of the convent of Jaffa have withdrawn to Jerusalem.

The 21st Nov. I quitted Acre. As the winds' were unfavourable to a voyage to Jaffa, I set sail for Zante, where I arrived the 4th December. 1 landed the same day, but the ship's company were put under quarantine. I repaired to the house of the French commissary, escorted by the officers of health.-I soon learned that the isle and the Rep. were split into different parties, and that even the tranquillity of the place was threatened. I assembled the members of the Constituted Authorities, and the principal persons of the town, at the house of the Gov. M. de Calishipode. After having represented to them the interest which the First Consul took in their welfare, I induced them to lay aside that spirit of party which distracted them, and to wait without passion, and in silence, the new constitution.-These few words were received with enthusiasm, and all of them exclaimed "France for ever! Buonaparté for ever!" These cries were reiterated on my going out, by more than 4000 men, who followed me to the door. The gov. and the Russian commandant were alarmed at it; and I learned by the French commissary, on the following day, that two of the leading men were sent to prison, but that, on his solicitations, and fearful of my reproaches, they were set at liberty in the course of the night. I went to the Conciergerie, and had the gov. brought there. I spoke to him strongly on the irregularity of his conduct. He was alarmed, and promised that he would look upon those who cried out Live the First Consul,' as good citizens, and should in future treat them as such. -As he sent in the course of the night a courier to his government, and i had reason to believe he had made a wrong report, I immediately wrote to the Chargé d'Affaires of the Rep. at Corfou, to inform him what had passed, and that I was setting off for Messina.—I do not stray from the truth in assuring you that the islands of the Ionian Sea will declare themselves French as soon as an opportunity shall offer itself.

ENGLISH ARMY IN EGYPT.-That army, commanded by eneral Stuart, consists of 4430 men. They wholly and exclusively occupy' Alexandria and the neighbouring Forts. The Turks who formed the garrison of some of these Forts, have been removed. Lately the English gen, has occupied Demanhour with 100 infantry and 100 horse, under the pretext of curbing the Arabs. The English have made no necessary works for the maintenance of the Forts; the Pallisades are almost entirely destroyed, and the branches occasioned by the rains have very much damaged all the new fortifications. They Occupy none of the works which are beyond the line of the Arabs, and all the redoubts which éxisted at the departure of the French army are destroyed. The Pacha of Cairo furnishes to the English army corn, rice, wood, and provisions, without any payment. The consumption is treble what it should be; they commit great waste. A great misunderstanding reigns between General Stuart and the Pacha.

[To be concluded in our next.]

VOL. III. No. 7.]

INVINCIBLE STANDARD.

It was our intention to have addressed the public, for the last time, on this subject; but, having heard, that his Royal Highness the Commander in Chief has it in contemplation to bestow a suitable reward on LUTZ, we think it right to wait, till we are more fully informed on that point. In the mean time we insert here, for the perusal of our readers, an extract from a work of great eminence just published; and we request the partizans of the Sinclairs, the Highland Society, and all others, who have had the injustice to complain of our publications on this subject; we request them to reply to CAPTAIN WALSH. Let them recollect, that the Captain's work is a large and costly book, that it will be put into all the libraries, public and private, that it will be read by the present and by the succeeding generation; therefore, let them now, if they have just cause, make their complaint, or let them for ever after hold their tongues.

Extract from a Journal of the late Campaign in Egypt, including Descriptions of the Country, and of Gibraltar, Minorca, Malta, Marmorice, and Macri. By Captain T. Walsh, of his Majesty's 93d Regiment of Foot, and Aide-de-Camp to Major-General Sir Eyre Coote, K.B.

"A Standard, covered with the military exploits of the corps to which it be"longed (according to General Reynier, a "battalion of the 21st demi-brigade), fell "into the hands of the Minorca or Queen's "German Regiment. It was taken by a private named ANTHONY LUTZ, for which " he received a Certificate from the Adju"tant-General, and the sum of twenty This man, never having learned "to write or read, was incapable of being "made a serjeant, to which post he would "otherwise have been advanced. In the "early part of the action, a standard had "been wrested from the French by the "42d Regiment, which was, however, unfortunately retaken from them." P. 101.

" dollars.

[226

LORD HAWKESBURY, OF STATE FOR FO

MY LORD, Of the six letters, which I addressed to your Lordship, in the months of April and May last, (1) on the Definitive bably recollect, on the subject of the cesTreaty of Peace, one was, as you may provaluable province of Louisiana; which cession, made by Spain to France, of the inprevious to the signature of the said treaty, sion, having been announced to the world did, in that disgraceful and destructive compact, receive, through the fatal advice of and sanction of His Majesty. (2) The evils of you and your colleagues, the tacit consent have not been tardy in making their appearthis consequence of the treaty of Amiens evident to all the world, has not required ance to bring them forth, to render them that long process of time, that course "of ages," in which the Master of the Rolls convenience, arising from the cession of was pleased to admit the possibility of an inLouisiana. Of the curious reasoning, how. ever, made use of, on this subject, by your Lordship and your colleagues, I shall speak more fully by-and-by. The object of the present letter is; 1. to give an account of measures which have already taken place, with respect to the interests of the Anglo-Americans, as connected with the cession; 2. to describe the feelings excited of conduct, which will hereafter be pursued by those measures; 3. to trace out the line by the French, and to show what will be the effect thereof on the Americans: To state my opinion as to the ultimate consequences with respect to the commerce, the navigation, the power, and the independence of England.

the

place, with respect to the interest of the Ame1. The measures, which have already taken ricans, as connected with the cession, are no less striking in themselves than rapid in their

(1) See these letters, Register, Vol. I. p. 353398-427-443-489-515.

(2) See treaty between France and Spain, Reg. Vol. I. p. 52.-See also p. 44 of that vol. where the consequences of the cession are pointed out.

uccession. By the treaty, concluded between Spain and the United States, at San Lorenzo el Real, on the 27th of October 1795, the latter obtained á right of free navigation and of deposit, such as is described in the articles of that treaty, cited in my last letter to the Americans. (3) The longer enjoyment of this right has now been pro hibited, and of this prohibition, the following is the history.-On the 16th of October Jast, just when the season was approaching for the arrival of the cotton and other American produce at New Orleans, the Spanish Intendant of Louisiana, JUAN VENTURA MORALES, issued a proclamation, forbidding the Americans to deposit their merchandize there upon the usual terms, which prohibition was not accompanied with the designation of any other place, in the Spanish, now French, territories, where they might make their deposit. (4) Upon an application from the American factors at New Orleans, it was signified to them, that the prohibition was absolute as to the discontinuation of any and of every privilege arising out of the treaty; but that, the deposit might, by way of indul gence be continued for a short time, and during pleasure, upon condition of their paying the established duty of the port, amounting, upon an average, to about 6 per centum, immediately after the entry, and a like duty. upon exportation, which condition, as the Americans observe, is, in effect, little short of an act of confiscation. On the 19th of October, two American boats, which arrived loaded with flour, were, in spite of the remonstrances of the parties concerned, prevented from depositing their cargoes; and thus the prohibition was, at once, carried into practice. An official report of these transactions having been communicated, by express, to W. C. C. CLAIBORNE, Governor of the Mississippi territory (5) and to J. GARRARD, Governor of the State of Kentucky, (6) the former wrote to MANUEL DE SALVADO, the Spanish Governor of Louisiana, requesting an explanation, (7) and stating the injustice of the prohibition complained of, to which request, he had, it appears, not received any answer, when the last advices came away. The Governor of Kentucky

communicated the information, which he had received, to the legislature of that state, (8) who, thereupon, passed certain resolutions, declaring the proclamation of the Spanish Intendant to be "a direct infraction of the

(3) See the preceding number, p. 174. (4) See the proclamation, p. 242. (5) See M. W. E. Huling's letter, p. 242. (6) See Meeker and Co. letter, p. 244. (7) See his letter, p. 243.

See his letter, P. 244•

"treaty of 1795," (9) which resolutions were followed by a joint memorial of the Senate and House of Representatives of the said state, addressed to the general government of the United States, that is to say, to the President and both Houses of Congress. (10)

On the 22d of December, seven days after the opening of the session of congress, the President, in compliance with a resolution passed by the lower House, on the 17th of that month, communicated to them by message, the several papers, above mentioned, relative to the subject, together with a report thereon, which had been, on the 21st of December, made to him by MR. MADISON, Secretary of State of the general government. This message of the President, (11) like the passage in his opening message relative to the same subject (12), is extremely vague and indefinite; and, the report, as it is called of the Secretary of State, (13) is a mere list of the papers, by which it is accompanied. The secretary does, indeed, term the prohibition, at New Orleans, a "violation

of the treaty;" but he affects to believe, that this violation has not been duly authorized by the government of Spain; and, as to France, no allusion whatever is made, either in the report, or in any of this long list of papers, though the people of America appear well convinced, as every one must be, that the order for all the harsh measures complained of originated with her, and with her alone.

2. In describing the feelings, excited by these measures, in the breasts of the American government and people, it would be necessary, had I time, to enter into a previous description of the two classes of persons in that country, which two classes are, with respect to their political opinions and their foreign attachments, diametrically op posed to each other. On this subject I must, however, content myself, for the present, to speak incidentally, or perhaps not at all. The feeling of resentment, against those who have caused the prohibition at New Orleans, seems to be as general as one could reasonably expect; and though the Kentuckians and the French faction do, indeed, speak of Spain as being the aggressor, it is evident enough, that the blame is, at the bottom, universally ascribed to France. Your Lordship has heard the language of the government; I will now lay before you what I regard as a pretty fair specimen of the language of the people. It is an extract from the American Daily Advertiser, published at Philadelphia on the 26th of December last. This print is the oldest in America, and is (9) See p. 241. (10) See p. 241. (11) See (12) See p. 137. (13) See p. 241.

p. 241.