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parison between the effects of peace and those of war. The conquered colonies and their million and a half of revenue are gone never to return, and, with them, forty millions of British capital have been transferred to Holland and France; that is to say, to France alone. Peace did, indeed, bring home the soldiers and sailors, but this can take place only once during the peace, and it might have taken place equally well during such a war as we should have had to carry on at any rate, it is an advantage not to be enjoyed this year, or in any future year of peace. And, as to the plenteous harvest, with all its numerous advantages, you will hardly pretend that they arose from the peace, seeing that the corn was safe in the mow, previous to the signature even of the preliminaries.-If, then, we find, that the first year of peace has had some great advantages, as to revenue, over the last year of war, which no future year of peace can possibly have; and if, notwithstanding these advantages, we find it to siuk, not only in point of pecuniary product, but in the evidences of those means from which that product must arise, and by which it must be protected, must we not necessarily conclude, that peace, should it continue, will, in a pecuniary point of view, be less productive than war, if war had been continued?

The Expenditure of war, if war had continued, compared with the expenditure of the present peace, if it continue, is the only remaining point of my proposed inquiry. -A favourite fallacy, employed by you, your colleagues, and your defenders, is, ever to speak of the expenses of war, if it had continued, as admitting of no diminution. Upon this notion it was, that you grounded your assertion, that another year of war would have cost £40,000,000 (5), and, more recently, that the annual savings of peace would be about 25 000,000 (6). But, Sir, is there a man in the kingdom, who must not perceive, that the war, if continued, must either have admitted of a vast diminution, in point of expense, or must have greatly added to our resources by new and most profitable conquests? It is not necessary, for my present purpose, to enquire, whether the war ought, in future, to have been more of an offensive than of a defensive nature; whether directed to new acquisitions, or solely to the retention of what we already possessed; all that I have to do is to prove, that the latter object might have been effected with an expenditure not ex

(5) See Register, Vol. II. p. 1149 and (6) 1705.

ment, and a war, such as, from circum"stances, ours has hitherto been, involving

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expeditions to all parts of the globe; but be "tween a peace establishment such as ours "will be, and a war, which had become, "and was likely to continue, merely defen"sive, in which we should have had nothing to do, but to maintain a competent force, with little prospect of being oblig"ed to make use of it. . . . . The savings of "the present pe ce, therefore, can be look"ed for only between the narrow limits of a high peace and a low war establishment; or, to state the case more cor"rectly, between a high peace establish "ment and that of a war, reduced in the "manner that I have described. I wish, "that a correct estimate were formed of "the difference, in point of expense, between these two states; recollecting always, that, among the expenses of peace are to be counted the provisions against the "new dangers brought by the peace itself."To make this estimate correctly is impossi ble; because no one can tell what these new dangers, and the consequent provisions against them, will be All that we know, at present is, that, in consequence of the peace, a very considerable augmentation of our naval force, in the West-Indies, has been found necessary, and that no reduction of our naval of military force in the EastIndies is thought of; for that the troops at the Cape, were to go, and, perhaps, are gone, to reinforce the peninsula of India against the dangers created by the surren der of Cochin and the Cape. But, the fairest way of coming at a probable estimate of the difference, which we want to ascertain, is, first to consider, on the side of war, all expeditions, at an end, and, of course, to deduct their attendant expenses; and next, on the side of peace, to take your own last estimates of the expenses of peace, and add thereto, for the present year, the expenses which will arise from preparations for war, should those preparations be discontinued in the course of a month or six weeks from this time.-The naval and mi litary expenses of the last year of war, were,

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Such, Sir, were. the whole of the naval and military expenses during the last year of war; and, though we cannot ascertain with exactness, we may with tolerable precision, what part of these expenses belonged exclusively to expeditions, which had nothing to do with the defence of any part of our dominions, in any part of the world. There were, during this last year of war, three expeditions of this stamp, that to the Baltic, that against Boulogne, and the ever-memorable one to Egypt. The army extraordinaries will be seen to amount to £5,347,174, and, by referring to the distribution of that sum, it will be perceived, that more than £3,500,000 of it was occasioned by the expeditions, to which must be added about £1,200,000 for the ordinary service of the army, in the expeditions, during that year. Under the head of the navy, we must deduct, almost the whole of the sum for transports £1,209,192; also the expenses of the fleet to the Baltic, and of the fleet under Lord Keith, which, including victualling, stores, repairs, and contingencies, cannot be

(7). See Register, Vol. II. p. 911.

estimated at less than £3,000,000. If to these sums we add, only £700,000, as a proportionate reduction on account of dockyard and building expenses, and £650,000, as a proportionate reduction in the ordnance, we shall find, that the whole reduction will amount to £10,259,192, which will bring the annual expenses of war, such as war would have been, had it been continued, down to £23,395,473. Taking, then, your peace establishment, according to your own estimate, and adding thereto £5,500,000 for the present armament, and comparing these with the above reduced war establishment, we shall come at the difference, which we have been seeking to ascertain. Expenditure of one year of war, such

as the war would have been, had it been continued Peace establishment as

voted by Parliament

for the present year. £14,957,325 Expense of the armament 5,500,000

·£23,395,473.

Less expenditure during the present year of peace, than would have been necessary for each year of war, if war had continued

20,457,325

2,938,148

Thus, Sir, without withdrawing a single ship from blockading the ports of our enemies, from the numerous cruises against the remnant of their commerce, or from the protection of our own commerce, colonies, and coasts; without discharging a single soldier, except in number equal to, or a little above, that of the army of Egypt, which we should not have wanted; without putting into the hands of our enemy those outworks of India, Malta, and the Cape; without laying down any one means of defence, or giving up any one of these conquests, which would, in any hands but yours, have always been the price of ho nourable, solid, and permanent peace and security; without making any of these sacrifices, we could have kept steadily on at an expenditure only £2,938,148 above that which is necessary to preserve a diminished commerce, a shaken credit, a curtailed dominion, and a degraded and dishonoured country. But, you will say, perhaps, that the present armament ought not to be regarded as an annually recurring expense. And, do you really think so, Sir?" Do

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you, in good sooth, Master Shallow, be"lieve this thing?" If you do, you are not less deceived by your hopes than the stockholders and loan-jobbers have been by your financial representations. The Secretary at War stated the present army to be neces sary, because France possessed such a mighty establishment; and, must not your means

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of defence increase in proportion as her means of offence increases? If 50,000 seamen, as a peace establishment, are wanted now, how many will be wanted, when France has had another year of uninterrupted preparation? When she has had a year's produce of the colonies of Holland and of the mines of Spain; when she has concentrated the maritime force of all her dependents, and added it to that of her revived and augmented navy; when she has completely subdued St. Domingo, gotten Louisiana safe within her grasp, stationed her armies at Cochin and the Cape, and swept the Mediterranean of British armies and British fleets? Do you hope, that Buonaparté will cease his endeavours to envelope our territories, to menace, to alarm, to harrass us, and to ruin our finances and our credit? As well may this humbled and degraded nation hope, that its base forbearance will make you cease lavishing its treasures ou your insatiable relations. No, no. The Consul sees too clearly the way of destroying the only power on earth, which has the means of frustrating his ambitious, but, perhaps, indeed, his laudable views; for, he really seems to be designed, by a justly offended Providence, as the scourge of a people no longer worthy to be free. To effect this destruction, to produce confusion and revolution in this country, he has only to pursue his present line of policy, only to keep us in a state of armed peace, in which we shall see our expenditure constantly exceed our receipts, without the hope of a change for the better. The expenditure and income of the nation stand thus:

Permanent annual charge on account of national debt, civil list, and parliamentary grants

Navy, army, ordnance, and miscellanies, for the present year, exclusive of the portion to be paid by Ireland ....

Total expenditure Total income

Annual deficiency, to be raised by loan, or by new taxes

£24,631,931

18,457,325

43,089,256 32,270,604

£10,818,652

This is the true statement, Sir. You may stave off the evil; you may coin Exchequer bills on aids; you may make use of what shifts or what cant you please; you may shuffle your estimates backwards or forwards as it best suits your purpose, and as is best adapted to the humour of your audience; but, to this statement, to this black account, or to a sponge, you and your peace must finally bring us, unless there is yet sense and Courage enough left in the country, once

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Since now to blocks, and not blockades,
We mean to trust, when France invades,
Or threats, to sink our stocks;
If thou awhile canst leave the Nore,
Dulness! inspire one blockhead more
To speculate on blocks.

II.
And O! how largely blocks conduce
To arts of elegance, and use!

Much as our pride it shocks,
Truth yet compells us to confess,
Man would he often in distress,
Without the help of blocks.

III.
For blocks our riggers call amain
To fit our fifty sail-in vain!

Five now exhaust our docks.
The broken contract is restor'd,
With two old Logs* and one new Board,
ST. VINCENT yet wants blocks.
IV.

From blocks the types of BULMER grew:
Hence BEWICK's graver, softly true,'
All nature's stores unlocks;
See too in stone from BACON's hand
The peace-maker of Amiens stand,
Colossal block of blocks!

*Two old Logs."-We believe these to be the same as the "two Phoca," whom we have often had occasion to mention. Every body knows, that a seaman's log is a piece of wood, loaded with a quantity of lead, to make it lie a dead It is of no weight on the surface of the water.

use 'till it is thrown out. Phoca we call, in English," sea-calves," because they make a noise, like that of a calf. The thing is all one, as honest Fluellen says, save only variations of phrases.

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yore,

Doctors of with looks profound,
And Roquelaure, trailing to the ground,

And sage full-bottom'd tie,
Call'd to a case, first took their fee,
Then bled and purg'd their man, till he
Died from debility.

Our Doctor's practice is the same,
To Park and Lodge he makes his claim,
In Richmond's Palace dwells;
Gives Navy Purse to brother Bragge,
Hiley secures the Army-bag,

Young Bolus bolts the Pells,
The patient next, so high in blood!
Cupp'd, bled, and purg'd, as he thinks good,
He lowers to such condition;
That while he swears she's sweetly dozed,
And safe, in peace serene, composed,
She dies of her Physician.

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The Origin of the prevailing Influenza, called “La GRIPPE."

While the Faculty doubt whence La Grippe can arise,

The DOCTOR, in every thing EQUALLY wise,

From himself the infection can trace.The symptoms, a heaviness fix'd in the head, A weakness that rules, whilst all vigour is tied, And a dread of all changes of place. GRIPPIST.

FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

Constantinople, March 4.-The following ceremonies took place when Gen. Brune, presented his letters of credit to the Grand Vizier and to Sultan Selim the 3d.-The Gen. arrived at Constantinople on the 6th of Jan. He sent Citizen Parandier, Ist Secretary to the Embassy, to notify his arrival to the Sublime Porte. Citizen Parandier was first presented by Prince Scarlate Callimachi, first Dragoman of the Porte, to the Minister for internal affairs, the Grand Vizier, the Reis Effendi, and the Captain Pacha.-To these Ministers he delivered the notification, in the following terms :-" I have "the honour to notify to your Excellency, the ar"rival of Gen. Brune, in character of Ambassador, "nominated by the First Consul, Buonaparté, "from the French people to the Ottoman Porte. "The rank which Gen. Brune occupies in the "state, the services which he has performed at "the head of its armies, and in the managenient "of public affairs, afford a presumption to the "Sublime Porte, that the French government re"gards this Embassy as a matter of the highest "consequence. The General-Ambassador has di"rected me to declare, that he entertains the high"est respect for your Excellency, and will con-"sider it as his duty to enter into the most friend"ly and unreserved conferences with your Excel

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lency, in regard to the interests of France, and "of the Ottoman Empire."-Citizen Parandier was received with the greatest distinction, seated beside those Ministers, and politely, served with coffee, sherbet, and perfumes. But, on account of the festivals of Ramazan, and Bairam, it was found necessary to defor the audiences of the Ambassador, till the 23d of Feb.-At 10 that morning, the Ambassador, with Parandier, his first secretary, and the Dragoman, sailed in a bark with 7 pair of oars, from Top-Hana to Vesir-Skelessi. They were followed by the whole train of the Embassy, in 120 other barks, supplied by the Sublime Porte. At their landing, they were received by the Tehaoux-bachi, and served with coffee, sherbet, and perfumes, at the Kiosk.-On 100 horses, furnished by the Porte, and superbly harnessed, the Ambassador then proceeded, with the principal persons in his train, to the Porte. He alighted at the Grand Vizier's palace, where he was received by Prince Callimachi, with some other officers of distinction. He was conducted immediately into the hall of the Divan, which the Grand Vizier entered at the very same time by a different door. They saluted each

*The French appellation for a disease raging at Paris, from which some persons conceive the British Influenza to have been derived. Though, we think the origin of the infection, as here stated, to be correct, we allow, at the arte time, that it is more than probable, that the violence of the Doctor's symptoms has been considerably aggra vated by his intercourse with France.

other. The Grand Vizier then sat down on his sopha, and the Ambassador on a chair that was placed for him opposite. The Reis Effendi, with other Ottoman Ministers, continued standing on the Grand Vizier's right hand. The Ambassador then spoke as follows, and his words were interpreted by Prince Callimachi :-"The most great, "most puissant, and most magnanimous Buona

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parté, First Consul of the French republic, has "sent me to the Sublime Porte in the character of "Ambassador. 1 come, according to custom, to present to your Highness, the letters by which "I am invested with that eminent character. "Under the auspices of a treaty, which renews "the antient alliance, and by the happy disposi❝tion of the sentiments of your Highness, all the

steps I shall take will tend, and succeed, I hope, "to renew those ties of amity which imperious "circumstances had somewhat relaxed, but which "the Ottomans and the French are accustomed "to regard as pledges of their common prosperity. "The genius of the magnanimous First Consul, "the glory which he wishes to derive from the "maintenance of the peace of the world, the "splendour of his innumerable victories, the "peaceable situation of the powers formerly hos"tile to us, the weight of the French republic in "the balance of the destinies of Europe, are so "many pledges alike of the stability, and of the "importance of our engagements. Your High"ness knows, that Fiance is the true friend and "natural ally of the Ottoman Empire; that for "fidelity, generosity, and greatness, the two peo"ple have no equals in the world; that they are "attached to each other by the dearest interests. "I think myself fortunate in having been chosen to act for the immediate preservation and im66 provement of this union. And I consider the "honourable post I hold at the Sublime Porte, as "a glorious reward for my military services. It is "agreeable to me to find, in the depository of the "confidence of his Highness, the Sultan Selim the "third, a Grand Vizier, who is a warrior, and "whose loyalty and wisdom cannot but smooth "all the difficulties which I might otherwise find "in the way of my new career."-The Grand Vizier made the following reply, which was interpreted to the Ambassador by Prince Callimachi:

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The Sublime Porte having received the high"est satisfaction from the renewal and confirma❝tion of its antient and sincere friendship with "the French republic; as also from the good dis "position and the good-will manifested on the "part of the most magnanimous First Consul, "Buonaparté, towards the interests of the Otto"man Empire, will, of course, most certainly use every effort to preserve the mutual engage"ments, and the sincere friendship between the "two powers."-"As the Sublime Porte has still "more particularly received the greatest satisfac"tion from the attention of the most magnani"mous First Consul, expressed in his choosing "for this Embassy a Gen. so highly esteemed, so "much considered, who has acquired so much

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wear.

Suitable honours were at the same time paid to his secretary and the rest of his train. He returned in grand procession, as before, to the palace of France.-On the 22d of Feb. he was introduced to an audience of the Grand Signior, who received him, sitting on his throne, in the Divan. The Ambassador had, on this occasion, the honour to dine with the Grand Vizier.-The Ambassador at this audience, made the following address to the Sultan: Most high, most excellent, most puis

sant, most magnanimous, and invincible Emperor of the "Mussulmans, Sultan Selim, in whom honour and virtue "shine. The most high, most puissant, and most "magnanimous First Consul of the French repub"lic, Buonaparté, sends me to your Sublime Porte "in the quality of Ambassador. These are the let"ters of credit, by which he invests me with this "character. I have directions, while 1 present "them to your Highness, to congratulate you on "the fortunate conclusion of a peace, which re"establishes the antient relations of amity, and to "te tify that the most magnanimous First Consul "of the French republie warmly interests himself "in the glory and prosperity of your reign.-It is "that republic, that great empire, of which I am "the Ambassador, that by me offers to you its most "zealous wishes for perfect mutual amity. Fide"lity and generosity are the virtues equally of the "French and of the Ottomans. This similarity "of character is a natural tie between them. It "was confirmed by long habit. All their mutual "interests concurred to strengthen it. I take the

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greater pleasure in the commission intrusted to "to me, since I every day perceive that the same "justice and greatness of soul which animate your "Highness, have passed into the minds of those "enlightened men to whom you have confided "the different parts of your immense power.

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Happy to have to testify to your Highness the "sentiments of unalterable friendship entertain"ed towards you by the First Consul, I am still more happy to have it in my power to inform my government, that I have been witness of the "respectful love borne towards you by all true "Mussulmans, and that I have had proofs from

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your Highness and your Ministers, of an highgood-will, which evinces that you have preserv"ed a great attachment in your heart for the most "antient and most constant of your allies. I "pray Almighty God for the happiness of your "people, to prolong your life without pain or "trouble, and to make your glory and wisdom to "enlighten the whole universe."-The Grand Vizier made, in the name of his Sovereign, the following reply to this address:

"It is on the part of the most high, most august, and most powerful, his most gracious Lord and Master, that his Highness the Grand Vizier replies to your Excellency, and earnestly expresses the satisfaction which his Highness the Sultan feels in the renovation of the friendship between the Sublime Porte and the French republic; and in the good intention and sincere sentiment, manifested on the part of the most magnanimous First Consul, Buonaparié; and at the same time assures you of the dis•t" position and attention of his Highness the Sultan to strengthen, by all means, the ties of the sincere and intimate friendship between the two powers.”-The French Ambassador received, in the evening, the compliments of all the other Foreign Mi-› nisters at Constantinople. (Moniteur.)

Paris, April 13-Official dispatches, addressed from St. Domingo to the minister of marine by the Gen. in Chief, announce, under date of the 3d and 4th of March, that 4000 men of the 1toth.

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