Mr. FRIEDLANDER. Do you refer to the reason for the picketing or just to the picketing.

Mr. BLANTON. Just show in what way your business was interfered with by their action.

Mr. FRIEDLANDER. Our store has been a union store. Our clerks are all union men and we keep open in the evening and I engage an extra man to help me in the evenings after 6 o'clock until 9 o'clock. In 1917 a gentleman came in and asked for one of the firm. My brother not being well, referred him to me, and he said that he belonged to the clerks' retail union and that he had decided, or at least they had, that they were going to close us up at 6 o'clock every evening, including Saturday. I asked him for what reason, and he said that that was passed on by the union and that it had to be and they were going to start with me, being the largest store of its kind here. I was taken off my feet and I told him I would let him hear from me later. So I talked with my brother. It was impossible to close up then, as our business is mainly at night, you know. He came back several times with additional men and committees, and it ended up that we refused absolutely to close up in the evenings. We agreed to everything else they wanted. There was no question of wages. There was no question of anything with the exception of closing us up at 6 o'clock.

Mr. WHEELER. It was a question of hours.

Mr. FRIEDLANDER. That was all. I told him our clerks went off at 6 o'clock and we had an additional man to come on with me and my brother. He said that it made no difference; we would have to close up anyway. Well, we refused to do so and they gave me a last chance before they were going to close me up for good. He said that eventually they would shut us up and put us out of business. Mr. SPROUL. May I ask you a question there?

Mr. FRIEDLANDER. Yes, sir..

Mr. SPROUL. You worked two shifts of men?

Mr. FRIEDLANDER. The regular employees quit at 6.

We had one

extra man to come on at 6 o'clock. He was a printer and he worked with us from 6 o'clock until 9 o'clock.

Mr. SPROUL. You did not have the men who worked all day work after 6 o'clock at night.

Mr. FRIEDLANDER. No, sir; they went off at 6 o'clock, all of them. They started in then with pickets in front of my store. The first thing that was said was that it was capital against labor. That is what the man started to holler, "Capital against labor"; "This is a scab shop"; "this shop is unfair to all organized labor anyone that deals with this shop is a scab"; "they keep scabby goods." They said the owners were scabs. They insulted a lady that was coming in to buy something. They said, "Any woman who patronizes that store is untrue to her husband."

That woman started for the young fellow who passed that remark and he ran. They had two pickets, one on each side, and they would stop in front of my door to prevent any one from coming in if they possibly could. They struck one of my customers in the face on Saturday night. He had glasses on and they broke his hat and they broke his glasses. I took him in the store and washed the blood off him and gave him a new hat, got a cab, and sent him home. The police came and cleared the sidewalk. There must have been 500

people in front of my store. I rang up Capt. Flather and he said he could not do anything but keep them moving; that they had a right to congregate there. It got so bad that the whole town was taking about it, and I began to get sick from nervousness and lost about 12 pounds in two weeks, and then I had to engage an attorney to get it into court to see what could be done, and Judge Mullowny who was sitting at the time, found that the law was that they interfered with my business and with my customers who were entering the store and that it constituted an assault, and fined them $10, and as soon as they would get arrested they would bring another man there, and on one Saturday night there were 14 arrests made in front of my store. Naturally, it interfered with my business. There is no question about that. People were afraid to go into the store for fear of meeting with trouble.

Mr. WHEELER. What did your receipts show at that time?

Mr. FRIEDLANDER. The receipts decreased in proportion to what we had formerly done. A person would attempt to go into my store and would hear these remarks, not knowing what the trouble was, and they took it for granted that I had done something terrible to the union, and if they were favorable toward the union, of course, they would not go into the store. I could not explain my side of it. There was one incident happened there. Dr. Lemon, a minister, was a very good customer of mine, a man to-day of 75 years of age. He went outside and started to whip this big fellow who was walking in front of my store, and all I could do was to pull him away from him. It ended up that they were arrested and fined and stopped from picketing in front of my door, and I am back in the union again. They came around and apologized and said they had made a mistake; that they should not have done it; that they had no right to do it, but I suffered from their doing it.

Mr. BLANTON. And they finally forced you to come back and sign up?

Mr. FRIEDLANDER. Yes, sir; I had to do it for my own sake.

Mr. SPROUL. Are you closing your establishment now at 6 o'clock? Mr. FRIEDLANDER. No, sir; they said they made a mistake, and that they should not have done that.

Mr. BLANTON. At that time they were picketing other places here? Mr. FRIEDLANDER. Oh, yes.

Mr. BLANTON. Is this a copy of an order they issued, giving the names of the pickets that should picket your place?

Mr. FRIEDLANDER. Yes, sir; that is right. There were two stores on the Avenue and one on Ninth Street, above me-the Newark and my store.

Mr. BLANTON. They specified the names of the pickets that were to go to the different places?

Mr. FRIEDLANDER. Yes, sir. This was issued by the union. These fellows had to come there and spend the lunch hour, two of them, and then they would go back and two others would come there. Mr. BLANTON. I will introduce this order in evidence:

RETAIL CLERKS' UNION 262, Washington, D. C., May 18, 1917. DEAR SIR AND BROTHER: Herewith find list of pickets appointed to serve Saturday night, May 19. The time and place you are appointed to serve is indicated.

In selecting the pickets for this week effort was made to appoint those not serving last week. We can not expect the same members to do all the work-in fact, they

won't do it. Members serving two or three nights continuously have complained that certain other members have not served at all. Pickets appointed for Saturday night, May 19, must be on the job promptly and continuously for the appointed time. Each member will be checked up and record is being kept of those failing to report. The union at a special meeting decided to place a fine of $5 on any member failing or refusing to perform the work assigned. Voluntary work is good-conscription is sometimes required. Do your duty.

Fraternally, yours,

D. F. MANNING, President.

Mr. BLANTON. At the Newark and Beacon, Pennsylvania Avenue, the following pickets are named: A. Berman, R. Blondheim, F. Bryant, and so on. There are 12 of them altogether. Then, at Hanover and Brockton, Pennsylvania Avenue, 12 are named there for certain hours. Then, at W. L. Douglas there are 12 pickets named for certain hours. Then at Goldberg's, Pennsylvania Avenue, there are 15 pickets named from 6 o'clock until 11 o'clock. At James Y. Davis, Pennsylvania Avenue, there are 12 pickets named, with the hours given. Then at Friedlander Bros.-that is your place

Mr. FRIEDLANDER. Yes, sir.

Mr. BLANTON (continuing). There are 18 pickets named for Friedlander Bros. Then at Newark, Ninth Street, there are 12 pickets named. At Brockton, on Seventh Street, there are 12 pickets named, and then at the Newark, on Seventh Street, there are 12 pickets named. The total number of pickets for this particular night was

114 men.

Here is an order for June 14 and one for June 27, showing that the pickets would be fined $5 by the union if they did not act, and also giving the names, and so forth. I would like for these to go in the record.

(The statements referred to follow:)

RETAIL CLERKS' UNION No. 262, Washington, D. C., May 18, 1917. DEAR SIR AND BROTHER: Herewith find list of pickets appointed to serve Saturday night, May 19. The time and place you are appointed to serve is indicated. In selecting the pickets for this week effort was made to appoint those not serving last week. We can not expect the same members to do all the work-in fact they won't do it. Members serving two or three nights continuously have complained that certain other members have not served at all. Pickets appointed for Saturday night, May 19, must be on the job promptly and continuously for the appointed time. Each member will be checked up and record is being kept of those failing to report. The union at a special meeting decided to place a fine of $5 on any member failing or refusing to perform the work assigned. Voluntary work is good-conscription is sometimes required. Do your duty.

Fraternally, yours,

D. F. MANNING, President.

Newark and Beacon, Pennsylvania Avenue: A. Berman, R. Blondheim, F. Bryant, 6 to 7; S. Bryant, M. L. Arnold, I. K. Arnold, 7 to 8; C. T. Abell, C. Ahearn, J. M. Arnold, 8 to 9; A. Berman, F. Block, H. B. Brown, 9 to 10.

Hanover and Brockton, Pennsylvania Avenue: F. Butler, R. Cohen, C. Curley, 6 to 7; J. De Young, H. Fitton, W. Furgeson. 7 to 8; D. Gallagher, C. Galliher, J. Gibson, 8 to 9; F. Gorman, M. Greenbaum, G. Hobbs, 9 to 10.

W. L. Douglas: J. Eber, A. Smith, J. Neusbaum, 6 to 7; S. Wheatley, C. Lemler, S. Horan. 7 to 8; J. Veax, K. Rechel, W. Langley, 8 to 9; W. Lewis, H. Herwitz, J. Geier, 9 to 10.

Goldberg, Pennsylvania Avenue: A. Hecht, M. Blomenthal, H. Baulsir, 6 to 7; M. Berger, R. Sisson, I. Jarbeau. 7 to 8; C. Hunnicutt, E. Hugley, C. Hoover, 8 to 9; C. Jenkins, F. Stein, J. Dawson, 9 to 10; J. McNamee, S. Peach, D. Rabinneau, 10 to 11.

James Y. Davis, Pennsylvania Avenue: Connolly, McFadden. J. Hill, 6 to 7; Runen, S. Cohen, J. Kessler, 7 to 8; J. K. Hayse, J. Poloni, J. Pitcher, 8 to 9; A. Ramsay, R. C. White, J. Farber, 9 to 10.

Friedlander Bros.: M. Ehrman, F. Dorsey, D. Sinsheimer, 6 to 7; E. Smith, B. Reed, C. F. Keyes, 7 to 8; H. Saffell, B. Greenberg, R. Taff, 8 to 9; M. Ehrman, Dorsey, D. Sinsheimer, 9 to 10; D. Parmelo, W. Parks, A. Mangum, 10 to 11; J. Rosenberg, L. Lansdale, B. A. Grant, 11 to 12.

Newark, Ninth Street; A. Rappaport, G. Pierce, W. Readmond, 6 to 7; G. Rackley, F. Roebson, A. Rosenberg, 7 to 8; R. Sanderson, M. Schofield, J. Walthers, 8 to 9; C. Wiles, F. Osterman, W. Ratcliff, 9 to 10.

Brockton, Seventh Street: N. Scisco, S. B. Trewolla, J. Sopre, 6 to 7; S. Wyman, C. Disney, Hoffman, 7 to 8; E. Stewart, W. Stutz, J. Norris, 8 to 9; B. Rosenthal, G. Kasper, A. Max, 9 to 10.

Newark, Seventh Strreet: Fred Schultz, S. Scher, R. A. Small, 6 to 7; H. Kamerow, L. Honig, M. Goldstein, 7 to 8; H. Hardesty, W. Denty, G. Elliot, 8 to 9; A. Blonheim, I. Wisenberg, T. Scott, 9 to 10.

RETAIL CLERKS' UNION No. 262,
Washington, D. C., June 14, 1917.

DEAR SIR AND BROTHER: Herewith find list of pickets appointed to serve Saturday night, June 16. The time and place you are appointed to serve is shown below. Please see to it that you report promptly and remain on the job continuously for the time appointed.

The rainstorm of last Saturday made it unnecessary for the pickets to serve later than 7.30, except in one or two cases. For that reason the same pickets have been reappointed for Saturday, June 16. The members who served Saturday, June 9, have been recorded as performing the duty assigned them and report to that effect will be submitted to the next meeting. Members to serve Saturday, June 16, will see to it that they report to either Brothers Riley, Coulter, or Manning. Failure to report and perform picket duty means the imposing of the fine of $5.

Fraternally, yours,

D. F. MANNING, President.

W. L. Douglas Shoe Store, 905 Pennsylvania Avenue: Behrman, Bock, 6 to 7.30; Gorman, Smith, E., 7.30 to 9; Gallagher, Jones, C. T., 9 to 10.30.

Friedlander Bros.' Clothing and Furnishing Store, 428 Ninth Street: Reed, Blacker, 6 to 7.30; Cohen, M., Hart, 7.30 to 9; Lebowitch, Sinsheimer, 9 to 10.30; Lemler, 10.30 to 12.

Newark and Beacon Shoe Stores, 913 and 915 Pennsylvania Avenue: Trewolla, Curley, 6 to 7.30; Smoot, Soper, 7.30 to 9: Gilder, Herwitz, 9 to 10.30.

Hanover and Brockton, 929 and 927 Pennsylvania Avenue: Elliett, Fitton, 6 to 7.30; Bryant, S., Ferguson, 7.30 to 9: Rabineau, Pierce, 9 to 10.30.

Goldberg Furnishing Store, 807 Pennsylvania Avenue: Ehrman, Blumenthal, 6 to 7.30; Shannon, Hecht, 7.30 to 9: Dorsey, Atwell, 9 to 10.30.

James Y. Davis Furnishing Store, Twelfth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue: Farber, McFadden, 6 to 7.30; Hill, Connolly, 7.30 to 9; Greenberg, Holbrook, 9 to 10.30.

Newark Shoe Store, 506 Ninth Street: Lewis, Kirstein, 6 to 7.30; Sisson, Hoffman, 7.30 to 9: Hardee, Disney, 9 to 10.30.

Brockton Shoe Store, 436 Seventh Street: Arnold, I., Scofield, 6 to 7.30; Rappaport, Max, 7.30 to 9; Keys, C., Henley, 9 to 10.30.

Newark Shoe Store, 1111 Seventh Street: Davis, W. E., Burroughs, 6 to 7.30; Goodman, D., Fagan, 7.30 to 9: Krechel, Veax, 9 to 10.30.

Beck Shoe Store, 929 Pennsylvania Avenue: Arnold, M. L., Stutz, 6 to 7.30; Arnold,

J. M., Crockett, 7.30 to 9: Moser, Becker, 9 to 10.30.

Beck Shoe Store, 903 Pennsylvania Avenue: Waggaman, Langley, 6 to 7.30; Galliher, Saffell, 7.30 to 9: Weisenberg, Geier, 9 to 10.30.

Beck Shoe Store, 1012 Seventh Street: Bryant, F. B., Ramsey, 6 to 7.30; Poole, Wyman, 7.30 to 9; Rackley, Berman, 9 to 10.30.

RETAIL CLERKS' UNION No. 262,
Washington, D. C., June 27, 1917.

DEAR SIR AND BROTHER: Herewith find list of pickets appointed to serve Saturday evening, June 30. The time and place you are to picket is shown below. Please report at the appointed place promptly and serve your "trick" faithfully and loyally, In performing picket duty you are cautioned to follow strictly the instructions issued by the union with regard to the tone of voice and words to be used.

The pickets for next Saturday are urged to be energetic and forceful in advising the public that the stores are unfair. Upon the thorough and universal publication that these firms are unfair depends the continued enjoyment of the 6 o'clock Saturday closing. The public generally and organized labor and its friends must be strongly urged to assist in our campaign for better conditions. This is not time for slackers. Let every member do his duty. Every member should strive to do as much as possible in behalf of the union. Members previously appointed who have failed to do picket duty have been fined $5, and in one or two instances $10. A word to the interested is sufficient.

Fraternally, yours,

D. F. MANNING, President.

W. L. Douglas Shoe Co.: Goldstein, M., Mannes, N., 6 to 7.30; Horan, Saffell, 7.30 to 9; Jones, C. T., Blondheim, R., 9 to 10.30.

Friedlander Bros., clothing store, 428 Ninth Street: Furgeson, W., Scott, C. C., 6 to 7.30; Sinsheimer, Cohen, S., 7.30 to 9; Gorman, Lemler, 9 to 10.30; Veax, Rappaport, A., 10.30 to 12.

Newark and Beacon Shoe Stores, 913 and 915 Pennsylvania Avenue: Sanderson, Fitton, 6 to 7.30; Rosenthal, B., Casper, 7.30 to 9; Shannon, Crockett, 9 to 10.30. Hanover Shoe Store, 929 Pennsylvania Avenue: Disney, 6 to 7.30; Hardee, 7.30 to 9: Rosenberg, J., 9 to 10.30.

Goldberg Furnishing Store, 807 Pennsylvania Avenue: Monroe, Polon, 6 to 7.30; Bowie, Hill, 7.30 to 9; Hecht, Wolf, H., 9 to 10.30.

James Y. Davis, Furnishings, Twelfth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue: Ehrman, Sisson, 6 to 7.30; Blumenthal, Hoffman, 7.30 to 9; Dorsey, Curley, 9 to 10.30.

Newark Shoe Store, 506 Ninth Street: Kirstein, Lewis, 6 to 7.30; Elliett, Lowenthal, 7.30 to 9; Lebawitch, Goodman, 9 to 10.30.

Newark Shoe Store, 1114 Seventh Street: Davis, W. E., Burroughs, 6 to 7.30; Fagan, Wyman, 7.30 to 9: Cohen, M., Hobbs, 9 to 10.30.

Beck Shoe Store, 903 Pennsylvania Avenue: Waggaman, 6 to 7.30; Langley, 7.30 to 9; Simon, 9 to 10.30.

Beck Shoe Store, 1016 Seventh Street: Redmond, Stewart, 6 to 7.30; Wiles, Phillips, 7.30 to 9; Weisenberg, Rackley, 9 to 10.30.

Beck Shoe Store, 929 Pennsylvania Avenue: Arnold, J. M., 6 to 7.30; Hite, 7.30 to 9; Herwitz, 9 to 10.30.

Pressler Bros., 612 Ninth Street: Reed, 6 to 7.30; Smith, E., 7.30 to 9; Willson. R.. 9 to 10.30.

Mr. FRIEDLANDER. In addition to that, they had pickets they paid that did not belong to this clerks' union.

Mr. BLANTON. They hired them?

Mr. FRIEDLANDER. Yes; because I paid for the breakfast of a fellow who was there and who had had nothing to eat that day.

Mr. BLANTON. Is there a particular name given for them?

Mr. FRIEDLANDER. For these men?

Mr. BLANTON. Are they called "barkers"? Did you ever hear them called "barkers"?

Mr. FRIEDLANDER. That is what they used to term getting people to go into certain stores on D Street years ago. But this one particular man they engaged was a great big 6-footer, and I got him his breakfast that morning because he had nothing to eat. He told me he didn't want to do that work, but he had no money and that was the best thing he could do. So he did not belong to the union. Mr. BLANTON. So they finally whipped you into line?

Mr. FRIEDLANDER. Well

Mr. SPROUL. I would not say that. He says he is keeping open at night and he says that he was working union men before the strike. Mr. BLANTON. They made him sign up.

Mr. FRIEDLANDER. Yes; I had to sign.

Mr. SPROUL. You had already signed up.

Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Friedlander, you would not have signed that contract that they stuck under your nose and told you to sign if you had not been interferred with then?