have arisen in the Territorial relations between France and Sardinia, caused him to desire the Annexation of Savoy and the Arrondissement of Nice (Circondario di Nizza) to France, and His Majesty the King of Sardinia having shown himself disposed to acquiesce in it, their said Majesties have decided to conclude a Treaty for that purpose.

1. His Majesty the King of Sardinia consents to the Annexation of Savoy and the Arondissement of Nice (Circondario di Nizza) to France, and renounces for himself, and all his Descendants and Successors, in favour of His Majesty the Emperor of the French, his Rights and Titles over the said Territories. It is understood between their Majesties that this Annexation shall be effected without any constraint of the wishes of the Populations, and that the Governments of the Emperor of the French and of the King of Sardinia will concert as soon as possible upon the best means of appreciating and verifying the manifestation of those wishes.

117. Documents upon the Evolution of the Liberal Empire.

These documents show the steps by which the autocratic régime of the first eight years of the Second Empire was gradually modified and the character of the system finally evolved out of these changes. Three things should be noted in connection with each document: (1) the concession nominally extended; (2) restrictions and qualifications placed upon the concessions, if any; (3) concessions withdrawn to counterbalance those extended, if

any.

REFERENCES. Dickinson, Revolution and Reaction in Modern France, 229-231; Seignobos, Europe Since 1814, 176-184; Andrews, Modern Europe, II, 169-186, passim; Lavisse and Rambaud, Histoire Generale, XI, 162-193, passim.

A. Imperial Decree upon the Address to the Throne. November 24, 1860. Duvergier, Lois, LX, 592-593.

Napoleon, etc., wishing to give to the great bodies of the State a more direct participation in the general policy of our government and a striking testimonial of our confidence, we have decreed:

I. The Senate and the Corps-Legislatif shall vote every

year at the opening of the session, an address in response to our speech.

2. The address shall be discussed in the presence of the commissioners of the government, who shall give to the chambers all the necessary explanations upon the internal and foreign policy of the Empire.

3. In order to facilitate for the Corps-Legislatif the expression of its opinion in the formation of the laws and the exercise of the right of amendment, article 54 of our decree of March 22, 1852, is again put in force, and the rule of the Corps-Legislatif is modified in the following manner:

"Immediately after the distribution of the projects of law and upon the day fixed by the president, the Corps-Legislatif, before appointing its commission, meets in secret committee: a concise discussion is opened upon the project of law, and the commissioners of the government take part in it."

"The present provision is not applicable to projects of law of local interest nor in the case of urgency."

4. With the intent of rendering the reproduction of the debates of the Senate and the Corps-Legislatif more prompt and more complete, the following project for a senatusconsultum shall be presented to the Senate:

"The minutes of the sittings of the Senate and the CorpsLegislatif, drawn up by the secretary-editors placed under the authority of the president of each assembly, are addressed each evening to all the newspapers. In addition, the debates of each sitting are reproduced by stenography and inserted in extenso in the official newspaper of the next day."

5.

The Emperor shall designate ministers without portfolio to defend before the chambers, in concert with the president and members of the Council of State, the projects of law of the government.

6. The ministers without portfolio have the rank and the compensation of the ministers in office: they form part of the council of ministers and are housed at the expense of the State.

7. Our minister of State (M. Walewski) is charged, etc. B. Senatus-Consultum upon the Publication of Debates. February 2, 1861. Duvergier, Lois, LXI, 50-58.

Article 42 of the Constitution is modified as follows:

"The debates of the sittings of the Senate and the Corps Legislatif are reproduced by stenography and inserted in exten so in the official newspaper of the next day.

In addition, the minutes of these sittings, drawn up by the secretary-editors placed under the authority of the president of each assembly, are put each evening at the disposal of all the

newspapers.

The reports of the sittings of the Senate and the CorpsLegislatif by the newspapers, or any other method of publication, shall consist only in the reproduction of the debates inserted in extenso in the official newspaper, or the report drawn up under the authority of the president, in conformity with the preceding paragraphs.

Nevertheless, when several projects or petitions shall have been discussed in one session, it shall be permissible to reproduce only the debates relative to one of these projects or to a single one of these petitions. In that case, if the discussion is prolonged through several sittings, the publication must he continued up to and including the vote thereon.

The Senate, upon the request of five members, can decide to form itself into secret committee.

Article 13 of the senatus-consultum of December 25, 1852, is abrogated in whatever is contrary to the present senatusconsultum.

C.

Senatus-Consultum upon the Budget. December 31, 1861. Duvergier, Lois, LXI, 553-579.

I. The budget of the expenses is presented to the CorpsLegislatif with its divisions into sections, chapters and articles.

The budget of each minstry is voted by sections, in conformity with the nomenclature appended to the present senatusconsultum.

The distributions, by chapters, of the credits granted for each section, is regulated by decree of the Emperor, rendered in Council of State.

2. Special decrees, rendered in the same form, can authorise transfers from one chapter to another in the budget of each ministry.

3. Supplementary or extraordinary credits can be granted only by virtue of a law.

4. The provisions of existing laws in that which concerns the expenses of secret services remaining to be paid, the expenses of the departments, the communes, and the local services, and the assistance funds for expenses of public interest are not altered.

5. Articles 4 and 12 of the senatus-consultum of December 23, 1852, are modified in what they have contrary to the present senatus-consultum.

[The nomenclature alluded to in article I is omitted.]

D. Senatus-Consultum upon Amendments to the Constitution. July 18, 1866. Duvergier, Lois, LXVI, 318-326.

I. The Constitution cannot be discussed by any public power other than the Senate proceeding in the forms which it determines.

A petition having for its object any modification whatever or an interpretation of the Constitution can be reported in a general session only if the examination thereof has been authorised by at least three out of the five bureaur of the Senate.

2. All discussion having for its object the criticism or the modification of the Constitution is forbidden, also the publication or reproduction thereof by the periodical press, by posters, or by non-periodical writings of the dimensions determined by paragraph 1 of article 9 of the decree of February 17, 1852.

Petitions having for their object a modification or an interpretation of the Constitution can be made public only by the publication of the official report of the sitting at which they have been reported.

Every infraction of the provisions of the present articie constitutes a contravention punishable by a fine of from five hundred to ten thousand francs.

3. Article 40 of the Constitution of January 14, 1852, is modified as follows:

Article 40. The amendments adopted by the commission charged to examine a project of law are sent back to the Council of State by the president of the Corps-Legislatif.

The amendments not adopted by the commission or by the Council of State can be taken into consideration by the CorpsLegislatif and sent back to the commission for a new examination.

If the commission does not propose any new draft, or if that which it proposes is not adopted by the Council of State, the original text of the project alone is put in deliberation.

4. The provision of article 41 of the Constitution of January 14, 1852, which limits to three months the duration of the ordinary sessions of the Corps-Legislatif, is abrogated. A decree of the Emperor pronounces the closure of each session.

The compensation allowed for the deputies of the CorpsLegislatif is fixed at twelve thousand five hundred francs for each ordinary session, whatever may be the duration thereof.

In case of extraordinary session, the compensation continues to be regulated in conformity with article 14 of the senatus-consultum of December 25, 1852.

E. Imperial Decree upon Interpellation. January 19, 1867. Duvergier, Lois, LXVII, 21-22.

Napoleon, etc., wishing to give to the discussions of the great bodies of State upon the foreign and internal policy of the government more utility and more accuracy, we have decreed:

I. The members of the Senate and the Corps-Legislatif can address interpellations to the government.

2. Every request for interpellation must be written and signed by at least five members. This request explains briefly the object of the interpellations; it is delivered to the president, who communicates it to the minister of State and sends it to the examination of the bureaux.

3. If two bureaux of the Senate or four bureaux of the Corps-Legislatif express the opinion that the interpellation can take place, the Chamber fixes the day of the discussion.

4. After the closure of the discussion, the Chamber pronounces the order of the day pure and simple or sends it again to the government.

ity.

5. The order of the day pure and simple has always prior

6. The sending again to the government can be declared only in the following terms: "The Senate (or the Corps-Legislatif) calls the attention of the government to the object of the interpellations." In this case, an epitome of the deliberation is transmitted to the minister of State.