"The same hath bene a verie proper pyle buylt uppon a Rocke and had the Towne in olde tyme on the north side thereof: but the Towne now flourishing is all wellneere on the south side of it.

"Also the Gatehouse or entraunce therinto is on the west side having had in it a Porters Lodge, an utter gate, and ynner gate with ii portcullices, all now utterlie decayed (as the rest of the roomes hereafter touched are). Also within the utter gate and over the ynner gate hath bene Theschequier, of xiiii foote square with a prison house under it.

"Also there is on the said north side a Tower1 sometimes consisting of divers roomes & hath adioyning to it the walles of

XX

a Stable wch was iiiivi2 foote in length & x in bredth.

66

Also from the said Stable forwarde on that side standeth a wall of xxti yardes longe with a Wach Tower in the myddest thereof, from thence towardes the north-east a like wall compas wise of xl yardes longe, wth a Turrett in the myddest thereof.

"Also from the said Gatehouse sowthwarde, a short wall of x yardes in length: from thence towardes the sowthwest a wall of C yardes in length with a Turret in the myddest: without this wall a forced banke borne up with another wall & within that circuit a greene walk.

Fo. 206.-" Also the Castell greene before you come to the mayne building containes half an Aker.

"Also concernyng the late inhabited pte of the Castell being utterlie decayed as before: the gatehouse or entrie therinto hath in either side a Lodge, under that gate is a vawte wch seemes to have bene made for some privy waye into the Towne but none dare search the ende of it: Uppon the east side of the said gate a rounde Tower and from that a thicke wall of xxxiiii foote longe: At the ende of that another rounde Tower under which is a stronge prison house called Brehinock. The Roomes within this mayne building in brief be these. A hall of xlv foote long and xx foote brode with a Chymney in it having under it a lardge roome (wth a Chymney) called the Coyning House out of wch goeth a stayer into a walke called The Queenes Arbour, in the east corner whereof is a rounde Turret and at ech ende of the Hall a Tower. Also a Chapple of xxiiii foote longe and xvi foote brode. A great Chamber (with a 1 This would seem to be the tower which survives in Buck's view of the town.

2 Fourscore and six.

chymney) of xxxiiii foote longe, and xiiii foote brode. One other Chamber (with a Chymney) of xx foote longe, and xiii foote brode. A pantrey of xiiii foote square. One other roome for offices of xii foote longe & vii foote brode with other small roomes and a Kitchin with iii Chymneys. Also within the circuit of these buildings is an ynner Warde or greene of lxx foote square having a Well in it.

Ffinally concerning the lymittes and boundes of the said Castell I cannot as yet finde out the certaintie thereof, unlesse I should take it by reporte of Jurie who can doe it but by conjecture, and therfore I deferre the doing thereof till tyme of more leasure to be had and better evidence to be seene: and this the rather for feare to preiudice her matis Inheritance.

"Md. within the said Castell greene or utter Courte the Justices of the great Sessions doe begin the same Sessions whensoever thei be holden for the Countie of Pembrooke and all warrantes and writtes beare date there and iudgementes uppon life and death are geven there, all iudgementes are there affirmed, all fynes proclaymed and all adiournements made: Nevertheles the Justices are forced to sett in the Towne Hall in default of a convenient Shire Hall or Court House1 in ye Castell wch in my poore opinion wolde be made as well for purpose, as for the keeping of the Courtes concerning the Lordshippe."

Then follows the Customary of the whole lordship.

"THE CUSTUMARYE FOR THE WHOLE LORDSHIPPE OF

HAVERFORDWEST AFORESAID.

"Ffirst the said Lordshippe hath in it iii sortes or kindes of Tenauntes, viz. Ffreeholders holding landes and tentes as hereafter shall appere (some by Knightes Service, Sute of Courte, and Relief with Rente and some without Rente and some others in free Socage with rent and without rente). Gale Tenauntes termed in the Recorde Custumarie (or rather Custome) Tenauntes in respect of divers services and dueties accustomed to be done and paid by them (as Sute of Courte Heriotts Collecton of Rentes and such like). And Tenauntes by Leases of which divers be of Landes of late yeres holden by Gale Tenantes at Will and these for wante of Survey have their Leases graunted

1 By the Charter to Haverfordwest of James I, the Justices of Great Sessions and the Sheriff and Justices of the Peace of Pembrokeshire were empowered to hold their courts at the Guildhall of Haverfordwest: persons attending at these courts were exempted from the jurisdiction of the mayor and sheriff of Haverfordwest.

without reservacon of such dueties and services as are incident to their holdinges.

"Also there are ii Leetes yerelie kept at the Castell Gate of Haverforde, the one within a moneth after Ester the other within a moneth after Michaelmas, wherunto all the fireeholders holding of the Castell ought to doe Sute: And all thother Tenauntes and Resiantes1 throughout the said Lordshippe in respect of their Reysancie saving the Ffreeholders of Camros, Stainton and St. Ismaell's, who togethers w'th the Gale Tenauntes there owe sute to their private Leetes in those severall mannors only, holden in sorte like as before.

Also there is holden yerely at the said Castell Gate a Courte baron termed Curia forinseca from xv dayes to xv daies for triall of Accons betwixt ptie and ptie under xls throughout the whole Lordshippe wherunto all the said Tenauntes as well Ffreeholders as others doe sute, for tolleracon whereof the Ffreeholders have used to make fyne at the Stewardes pleasure.

"Also before Thordinaunce for Wales there was used to be kept at the said Castell Gate a Courte called Curia For (inseca) from moneth to moneth, wherein fynes were leavied and replevies granted, reall and mixte accons were tryed, wch courte ever since hath bene discontinued but maie be revived forsomuch as the said Ordinaunce hath not inhibited it.

Fo. 21a." Also the profites of all these Courtes yet in use consist of Reliefes of Ffreeholders, viz. xs. for everie plough lande rising to cs. for a whole knightes fee consisting of x plough lande and so ratablie dowenwarde according to ech mans contentes, Ffines for offences and Issues and Amercementes for none apparaunce, all ratable at the Stewardes discrecõn. And also of Heriottes hapning uppon the death of the Gale Tenauntes yelding above viš. viiid Rente, or else not.

3

"Also the said ffynes and Amercementes have not bene used to be afferde by any Tenauntes as in other Courtes: because there are not any Custumarie Tenauntes that holde their landes by Copie of Court Roll or by the Rodde, but onlie such as before be mencöned.

"Also the Heriott paiable uppon the death of everie of the said Gale Tenauntes is the best Beast and if a Tenaunt hold divers Tentes he is to paie a Heriott for everie one: This heriott and thother Casualties are to be leavied by a Baylief for that purpose called The fforeine Baylief of Rowse (ats Ballivus

1 Residents.

2 Redemption; see Owen's Pembrokeshire, I, p. 314.

3 Acreage.

itinerans, Baylief errant) or his Deputie, and by him to be accompted for yerelie. And this Baylief or his Deputie is also to serve the said Courtes.

"Also it hath been used that the Steward at everie Leete should cause inquirye to be made of all estrepement1 and wastes of howses and hedges of the Queenes Gale Tenauntes, and if any be founded faltie and do not amende the same by such days as the Stewarde lymittes, That then the Reeves in the Mannors where such falte is founde (and the said Baylief in the rest of the Lordshippe), shall distreine Thoffender, according to the value founde of the offence, and the same distresse to keepe by the space of one moneth: And if then it be not repaired, the distresse to be solde and employed uppon the repacon by over sight of iiii of the Queenes Tenauntes next inhabiting; which use is thought convenient to continue, notwithstanding the letting of the Landes by Lease.

"Md. It is also thought convenient that uppon making Leases of thinges yet at Will and upon renewing of Leases alredie made (wherin this is omitted) there be reserved, besides the annual Rentes & newe Allottmentes, Sute of Courte Heriott and all other dueties and services of auncient tyme accustomed. "Also it is to be noted as touching the Computacon of the Akers with this Lordship,2 that the poll ats the quarter, wherwith thei measure, contayneth in length xi foote: iiii of those quarters in length and one in bredth doe make a yarde termed "virgat terr." Tenne of those yardes in length iiii tymes accounted (wch by a quadrant accompt is xl yardes) make a Roode or Slange, iiii of these slanges make an aker: So as everie aker is xl. polles longe and xvi brode. Also viii of these akers make a Bovate or Oxeland and viii bovates make a Carucate als a plough Lande. So as everie Carucate conteynes lxiiii akers: And for that the common usage of Accompt for lande in this Countrie and likewise in Evidences ronneth uppon those termes we have in this Survey sett downe the contentes according to the same and not by pticular nomber of akers."

The principal free tenants who held of the Queen as of her Castle and Lordship of Westhaverford by knight service, suit of court at the Castle Gate, and relief without payment of rent, are:

1 Spoiling.

2 For the local land measures, see Owen's Pembrokeshire, I,

The same-Roblinston-Six bovates-late of James Bowen.

carucates

William Warren, in ward of the Queen-Wolfsdale Manor and two and a-half

Also James Bowen, gentleman, held (inter alia) the manor and mountain of Kethingston, otherwise Keiston, and three and a-half carucates of land by the same services; but with the addition of a yearly rent of forty shillings payable at Easter, and of sixpence payable at Michaelmas.

It is noted that the sixpence was the rent formerly paid by the Prior of Pill; the Easter rental was probably added when the property was granted after the dissolution. William Tankard held the capital messuage of Lewelston, and three and a-half carucates by the same services and a yearly rent of sixpence payable at Michælmas; and Mathias Morse held a carucate and a-half there by the same services and a rent of thirteen shillings and four pence payable at Lady-Day and Michaelmas. Upon this the surveyor notes that Morse's rent is not a "free rente as shown by a comparison of the areas and rents of the holdings of

1 See Old Pembroke Families, p. 79.

2 Margaret, widow of Sir Richard Newport, of High Ercall; she died in 1598.

3 Of St. Bride's, and his brother-in-law, the last Wirriot of

Orielton.

• Of Picton.

6 Of Trewern.

5 Of Slebech.

7 Of Henllan.