the world is convulsed by the agonies of great nations. Governments which lately seemed likely to stand during ages have been on a sudden shaken and overthrown. The proudest capitals of Western Europe have streamed with civil blood. All evil passions, the thirst of gain and the thirst of vengeance, the antipathy of class to class, the antipathy of race to race, have broken loose from the control of divine and human laws. Fear and anxiety have clouded the faces and depressed the hearts of millions. Trade has been suspended, and industry paralysed. The rich have become poor; and the poor have become poorer. Doctrines hostile to all sciences, to all arts, to all industry, to all domestic charities, doctrines which, if carried into effect, would, in thirty years, undo all that thirty centuries have done for mankind, and would make the fairest provinces of France and Germany as savage as Congo or Patagonia, have been avowed from the tribune and defended by the sword. Europe has been threatened with subjugation by barbarians, compared with whom the barbarians who marched under Attila and Alboin were enlightened and humane. The truest friends of the people have with deep sorrow owned that interests more precious than any political privileges were in jeopardy, and that it might be necessary to sacrifice even liberty in order to save civilisation. Meanwhile in our island the regular course of government has never been for a day interrupted. The few bad men who longed for license and plunder have not had the courage to confront for one moment the strength of a loyal nation, rallied in firm array round a parental throne. And, if it be asked what has made us to differ from others, the answer is that we never lost what others are wildly and blindly seeking to regain. It is because we had a preserving revolution in the seventeenth century that we have not had a destroying revolution in the nineteenth. It is because we had freedom in the midst of servitude that
we have order in the midst of anarchy. For the authority of law, for the security of property, for the peace of our streets, for the happiness of our homes, our gratitude is duc, under Him who raises and pulls down nations at his pleasure, to the Long Parliament, to the Convention, and to William of Orange.
ABINGDON, James Bertie, Earl of; removed by James II. from the lord-lieutenancy of Oxfordshire, 323. Joins the Prince of Orange, 495.
Adda, Ferdinand, Count of; arrives in England as Nuncio, 20. 21. His im- pressions at Lord Delamere's trial, 40. His reasons for moderate courses, 53. note. James's avowal to him, 87. His consecration at St. James's Palace, 268. His public reception, 270. His escape,
Ailesbury, Earl of; his offer to James II.,
Albeville, White, Marquess of; his cha- racter, and connection with the Catholic cabal, 47. Succeeds Skelton in Holland; demands Burnet's dismissal from the
Hague, 240. His despatch to James, 458. His treatment at the Hague, 600. Allibone, Richard, a Roman Catholic; ap. pointed a judge, 273. Declares the Bishops' petition a libel, 380. Alsop, Vincent, a Nonconformist; supports the Court party in the conflict between James and the Church, 221. His mor- tification at the Dissenters' opposition to the Indulgence, 344. Anne, Princess, daughter of James II.; educated by Bishop Compton, 32. Her intimacy with Lady Churchill, 254. Her reputed bounty to Churchill, 255. 256. Her attachment to Protestantism, 257. Reproves Clarendon, 499. Writes to William, 514. Her flight from White- hall to the North, 515-517. Acqui- esces in the Whig plan, 641. 642. Army, standing; designs of James II. for its augmentation, 4—11. Its discontent after the trial of the Bishops, 420. retreat from Salisbury, 512.
Arnold, Michael, the brewer, 373. 381. Arran, Earl of, 605.
Arundell of Wardour, Lord; joins the vio- lent Catholics, 46. His nomination to the Privy Council, 85. His appointment to the Privy Seal, 158. Astry, Sir Samuel, 370. 381. Atterbury, Francis; his first appearance in public controversy, 108.
Augsburg, treaty of; the work of William of Orange, 189.
Austin, Thomas; subdues Arnold's obsti- nacy, 381.
Austria; dissatisfaction of its court with James's dismissal of Halifax, 12. 13. Anxiety of its ministers for an under- standing between James and his Parlia- ment, 20. Lewis's fears lest James should ally himself with her, 21.
Avaux, Count of; French minister at the Hague, 185. His audience with the States, 446. His advice to Lewis, 449.
Bacon, Francis Lord; his testimony to the educational skill of the Jesuits, 98. Baptists, See Bunyan; Kiffin; Noncon- formists.
Barillon; his character, 51. His tactics, 52. 67. His endeavours to sound Rochester, 150. 151. His relations with James, 205. 206. Escapes an attack from the mob, 554. Ordered by William to leave Eng- land, 588. See Lewis XIV. Barnstaple, 335. Bates, 343.
Bath, Earl of; attempts to carry out James's plans, 325. 326. Places himself and troops at William's disposal, 506. Baxter, Richard: is liberated from prison; refuses to thank James for the Declaration of Indulgence, and endeavours to promote
unity between the Church and the Pres- byterians, 223. His further efforts, 343.
Beaufort, Henry Somerset, Duke of; his banquet to James II., 292. His failure to carry out the King's plans, 324. Takes Lovelace prisoner, 494.
Bedford, Earl of; his distress at his son's execution, 250.
Bellasyse, John Lord (a Catholic peer): his character; is dissatisfied with James's conduct, 46. Nominated to the Privy Council, 85. Appointed First Lord of the Treasury, 158. Bentinck (afterwards Earl of Portland);
regard of William of Orange for him, 168. 169. 171. His mission to England to express William's detestation of the Whig plots, 187. His remonstrance with Burnet, 644.
Berry, Henry; credence attached to his dying declarations, 8.
Berwick, James Fitzjames, Duke of, ille- gitimate son of James II.: project of the Jesuits for setting him up as James's heir; refusal of the gentry to obey his summons, 326. 327. Birch, John; his early life, 617. mentary eminence, 618. Bishoprics; disposal of, by James II., 87. Bishops; their dissatisfaction with James's proceedings, 13. 31. Their meeting on the subject of his Declaration of Indul- gence, 345. Petition of the Seven pre- sented to the King, 347. Their interview with him, 348. 349. Effect of their conduct on public feeling, 350. Deter- mination of the King to prosecute them for libel, 354. Their examination before the Privy Council, 355. 356. Their com- mittal to the Tower, 357. They are brought before the King's Bench, and bailed, 364. 365. Public rejoicings on the occasion, 366. 367. Their trial, 370—— 380. The verdict, 381. Public excitement on their acquittal, 382–387. Influence of their prosecution on public feeling,
imprisonment; defiance of the penal laws; resistance to the Indulgence, 226, and note. His attack on Fowler, 345. note. Burnet, Bishop; his characteristics, 174. 175. Brings about a good understanding be- tween the Prince and Princess of Orange, 173. 178. 190. His History of the Re- formation, 175. 176. His reception at the Hague and confidential position there, 177-179. James demands his dismissal from the Hague, and despatches persons to kidnap him, 240. He defies James's malice, 241. 242. Lands in England with William, 480. Preaches before William
at Exeter, 488. Disturbs the congre- gation at Salisbury, 534. Comparison between him and Halifax, 537. William forbids him to meet Halifax, 538. Comes to an understanding with Halifax, 541. His humanity to the Catholics, 593. He discloses Mary's determination to submit to William, 640. His zeal in her be- half, 644.
Burnet, Thomas, 290.
Cambridge University; its abhorrence of Monmouth's treason, 276. Its refusal to confer a degree upon Francis, a papist, and citation of its officers before the High Commission Court, 277. Proceedings of the Court against it, 279. 280. Campbell, Archibald, 454. Care, Henry, 220.
Carstairs; confidence reposed in him by William, 454. His recommendation, 482. Cartwright, Thomas; his nomination to the see of Chester, 88. His share in the Nuncio's procession at Windsor, 270. His discourse at Chester on James's visit, 293. His nomination on the special commission at Oxford, and oration on the occasion, 297. Refusal of Iough to comply with his demands, 298. His resentment at the opposition sermons, 299. His unwelcome presence at the meeting of church digni- taries, 345. His information to James, 348. Rejection of his blessing, 366. Caryl, John: James's representative at the Romish court; his exemplary conduct; dismissal, and replacement by Castel- maine, 76.
Castelmaine, Roger Palmer, Earl of; his character, trial for participation in the Popish plots, and escape, 47. His em- bassy to Rome, 76. His unfitness for the mission, 262. 263. His public re- ception by the Pope, and Christina of Sweden, 264. 265. His audiences with Innocent, 266.
Cavaliers; their opposition to the revival of the High Commission Court, 89. Charles II.; publication of papers found in his strong box, 43. 44.
Charlton, puisne judge; dismissed by James,
Charnock, Robert; aids in James's at- tempts upon Magdalene College, 288. 289. 295. 298. 300. Refusal of the de- mies to submit to his authority, 301. Charterhouse: refusal of its trustees to admit Popham, a papist; justification of their conduct by Thomas Burnet, the master, 290. Protest of its trustees against the royal mandate, 291. Chesterfield, Earl of, 508. Cholmondley, Lord, 508.
parations, and obsequiousness under his indignities, 141. 144. Incurs the King's displeasure, 145. 146. His dismissal from the viceroyalty, 155. 157. Reflections on his fall, 158. 159. Attends a meeting of the clergy, 345. His grief on his son's desertion, 499. Deserts James, and joins William's party, 530. 531. Attempts to influence the Princess Anne, 641. Clarges, Sir Thomas; opposes the court party in the Commons, 19.
Claude, John; his book burnt by the hang- man, 77. 78.
Clayton, Sir Robert; his character, and ser- vices in the old parliament, 617.
Clench, William; specimen of his attain- ments, 110. note.
Christchurch, Oxford: its deanery given Clergy, the Anglican their zeal against
to a Roman Catholic, 87.
Christina of Sweden; her reception of Cas- telmaine, 265.
Church of England; her devotion to James II., 1. Confirmation of apostate clergy- men in her benefices, 85. 86. Resolution of James to use his ecclesiastical su-
premacy against her, 88-91. (See High Commission Court.) James at- tempts to enlist the Nonconformists in a league against her, 203. 204. Her amaze- ment at the Declaration of Indulgence,
Her tactics on the occasion, 213. 214. Her altercations with James, 214. Her advances to the Dissenters, 216. 217. Continuance of her efforts against Ro- manism, 230. See Bishops; Clergy. Churchill, John Baron (afterwards Duke of Marlborough); his discontent at James's violations of the law, 13. His conferences with Dykvelt; his defection from James, 251. His view of James's policy, 252. Value of his adherence to William of Orange; his influence over the Princess Anne; his letter to William, 438. protestations of loyalty to James, 500. His advice to James, 510. He deserts to William, 511.
Sarah Jennings, Lady, 253. 254.
Citters; specimen of his diplomatic com- position, 121. note. Reaches William's head quarters, 531. Clarendon, Henry Hyde, Earl of, Viceroy of Ireland; his misgivings as to the King's proceedings, 42. Joy of the colonists on his departure for Ireland, 137. Arrives in Ireland as Lord Lieutenant, 137. His mortification, 138. Sunderland's despatch to him, 139. His assurances to the set- tlers, and expostulations with the King, 139. 140. His alarm at Tyrconnel's pre-
Popery, and their controversial writings; their exposure of papistical dogmas, 108 -110. Their resentment at James's ex- pulsion of the fellows of Magdalene Col- lege, 303. Their hopes in William of Orange, 304. Their embarrassments on re- ceipt of the second Declaration of Indul- gence, 342. 343. Removal of their besi- tation by the conduct of the Dissenters, 343. Meeting of the London clergy, and resolution agreed to thereat, 345. Their disobedience to the King's orders, 351. 352. Their defiance to the High Com- mission Court, 418. See Bishops; Clergy. Clergy, Irish; their income and duties in the 17th century, 131.
Closeting; meaning of the term, 207. It is unsuccessful, 208.
Coke, John; committed to the Tower by the Commons for disrespect to the King,
Colchester, Richard Savage, Lord; joins William of Orange, 495.
Colepepper; his quarrel with the Earl of Devonshire, and its consequences, 246- 248.
Cologne; nature of its archbishopric, 433. Quarrels between Lewis and the Pope concerning it, 434.
Commons. See House of Commons. Compton, Henry, Bishop of London: pro- tests on behalf of the Church against James's conduct, 32. His dismissal from royal favour, 35. Displeasure of the King at his hesitation to suspend Sharp, 92. Proceedings against him in conse. quence, and insolence of Jeffreys, 96. His suspension from spiritual functions, 97. His neglect of the political edu- cation of the Princess Mary, 173. engages to influence the clergy on be- half of William of Orange, 251. Joins
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