The Life of John, Duke of Marlborough: With Some Account of His Contemporaries and of the War of the Succession, Volum 1

Archibald Alison

W. Blackwood and sons, 1855

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BIRTH AND EARLY HISTORY OF MARLBOROUGH HIS SHARE IN THE REVOLUTION OF 1688 CAUSES WHICH LED TO THE WAR OF T...	1

His early life and education	2

His first appearance and early promotion at court	3

His intrigue with the Countess of Castlemaine	4

His services under Louis XIV and Turenne in Flanders	5

Manner in which Providence moulds the character of a great man	6

Manner in which the ambition of Louis XIV worked out its own ruin	7

Churchills marriage 9 Character of the Duchess	9

The Dutch deputies continue their opposition	218

Which mars all the subsequent operations of the campaign	220

The Dutch treacherously desert him	221

68	223

Marlboroughs hopes for a speedy peace	260

And of Ath which concludes the campaign	266

Its analogy to that of Marengo	272

Subsequent disasters and loss of Madrid	274

His journey to Scotland and rapid rise at court	10

His important services on Monmouths rebellion	11

His endeavours to arrest the headlong course of James	12

He deserts James II on the invasion of the Prince of Orange	13

Parallel between his treachery and that of Ney	14

Honours and commands bestowed on Churchill He signs the Act of Asso ciation in favour of William	15

His efforts to obtain a settlement for the Princess Anne	16

His first services in foreign war under William	17

His short campaign in Ireland in 1690	19

Discreditable intrigues soon after with the exiled royal family	20

He is liberated from prison and ere long restored to favour	21

Marriage of Marlboroughs two daughters	22

Marlboroughs conduct when restored to favour	23

And appointed to the supreme command in the Netherlands 18 20 ib 21 22	24

Great power of the Bourbons at this period and general alarm which it excited	25

Vast ability by which the government of France was directed	26

Extraordinary success which had hitherto attended Louis in all his enter	27

Alliance with the Duke of Savoy	28

prises	30

Vexation and magnanimous conduct of Marlborough	31

Difficulties of Marlboroughs march and his junction with the Prince	34

Affairs in England wear a more promising aspect	38

Marshal Tallard joins the Elector of Bavaria who determines to fight	40

Marlborough arrests Vendôme and Berwick when trying to raise the siege 419	41

Commencement of the battle and skilful feint of Marlborough	44

Disposition of the Allies for the attack	46

Increasing difficulties of the siege	47

Losses of the French and the Allies in the battle	50

Rout of Prince Holstein in the attack on Oberglau	52

Movements on both sides before the action	53

Losses sustained on both sides during the siege	59

Death and character of Marshal Overkirk	65

His great battles with the Dutch	70

The rashness and imprudence which cost him his throne	72

Character of Queen Anne	73

Commencement of the war in Italy under Prince Eugene His early life	74

Character of his warfare and his first great victory over the Turks	75

His campaigns in Italy and Germany	76

Commencement of the war	77

Forces on the side of France	78

Forces of the Allies	79

The weakness of England in land warfare from inexperience	80

Marlboroughs first mission to the Continent and first campaign	81

His efforts to induce the British cabinet to take their right place in the war	83

Great difficulties Marlborough experienced in constructing the alliance	84

At which period the Blenheim Papers commenced 35	86

Bolingbrokes character of Marlborough	87

His character by Lord Chesterfield	88

Marlborough was really a combination of both	89

His tender affection through life for the Duchess of Marlborough	90

Plan of operations for the campaign on the part of the Allies	92

And of the French ib 47 Siege and capture of Kaiserworth	93

Boufflers attempts a coupdemain against Nimeguen which Athlone checks	94

Marlborough takes the command of the army in Nimeguen	96

Force at Marlboroughs disposal and his early difficulties in the campaign	98

Movements preparatory to the siege of Venloo	99

Favourable opportunity for a general battle lost from delay of Allies	100

Description siege and fall of Venloo	101

Marlborough commences the siege of Liege	103

Siege and fall of Liege	104

Narrow escape of Marlborough from being made prisoner	105

His enthusiastic reception at the Hague	106

Results of the campaign which was eminently favourable to the Allies	107

Still greater moral influence of these successes	108

CHAPTER III	110

Political causes which have divided the Flemish provinces	111

Effect of these causes in studding the Low Countries with fortified cities	113

And their effect on the system of war	114

Effect of these causes on the results of victories	115

And in leading to the formation and strength of lines of defence	116

Campaign of 1703 illustrates the value of such lines	118

Chagrins to which Marlborough began to be exposed at home	119

Character of the Marquis of Blandford Marlboroughs only son	120

Operations of Eugene on the right	174

Eugenes success on the right	177

Total rout of Tallard who is made prisoner	178

Mistake by which the French left escaped destruction	180

Capture of all the troops in Blenheim and conclusion of the battle ib 59 Results of the battle	182

Causes of the defeat of the French	183

Vast results of the victory	185

Capture of Landau and Traerbach and conclusion of the campaign	186

Marlborough repairs to Berlin and Hanover	187

Marvellous results of the campaign	188

Honours and rewards bestowed on Marlborough	189

His reception at the courts of Berlin and Hanover and acquisition of Blenheim	191

CHAPTER IV	192

Backwardness of the English parliament in voting supplies	193

Causes of this singular peculiarity	194

Bitter sense which Marlborough entertained of this parsimonious dispo sition	196

Reasons for converting the war into one of sieges and placing its seat in Flanders	197

Examples of the same necessity being felt in subsequent times	199

Extraordinary talent of Marlborough for keeping together the Alliance ib 8 Extraordinary domestic jealousy to which he was exposed	200

Extraordinary jealousy of Marlborough	201

Caution which the same cause imprinted on Marlboroughs military conduct	203

Strange fetters which the Alliance imposed on his conduct of the war	204

Vigorous efforts of the French government	205

His great efforts to restore the navy and its effects	206

Bold plan of Marlborough and Eugene for the invasion of France	207

Commencement of operations early in June on the Moselle	208

Successes of Villeroi over the Allies in Flanders	210

Sudden march of Marlborough to their relief	211

The disasters of the German troops in the circle of Trêves render the design abortive	213

Position occupied by Villeroi	214

His able plan to overreach the enemy	215

Entire success of the attack on Villerois lines	216

Untoward state of affairs on the Upper Rhine	276

Immense difficulties of Marlboroughs correspondence in these cam paigns	277

Universal confidence in his wisdom and probity	278

Terror at the court of Louis XIV	279

His overtures for peace	281

Reasons of Marlboroughs conduct	282

Office of the government of the Netherlands declined by Marlborough	283

Jealousies of the Dutch and continued disinterestedness of Marlborough	284

Opening of a separate secret negotiation between the Dutch and the French	285

Marlboroughs address obtains a renewal of the Alliance	287

His return to England and splendid reception there	288

Jealousy against him arises among both the Whigs and Tories but he pre vails at court	290

Death and character of Prince Louis of Baden	291

Great error in the subsequent policy of England	292

CHAPTER V	294

Appearance of Charles XII of Sweden in Germany	295

His character	296

His great military abilities	297

His faults rashness and cruelty	298

Efforts of Louis XIV to win him to his side	299

Measures of Marlborough to counteract his efforts	300

Visit of Marlborough to Charles at Dresden	301

His address and success with that monarch	302

Singular skill with which he avoided rousing religious differences	304

His satisfactory arrangement of the difficulties regarding Poland ib 12 Renewed jealousies and procrastinations of the allied powers	305

Defeat of the Allies at Almanza in Spain	307

Total defeat of the Allies on the French right	308

Progress of the battle in the centre and left ib 16 Victory declares at all points for the French	309

Small force with which decisive victories have been won	310

Fatal dissensions among the Allies	311

Cause of the magnitude of this disaster	313

Way in which these disasters are to be avoided ib 21 Digression of the Austrians to Naples	314

Which prevents succours being sent to the south of France	315

Forcing of the lines of Stolhoffen and irruption of the French into the Palatinate	317

Eugene	318

Opening of the campaign in Flanders	319

Secret reasons of the conduct of the Dutch on this occasion	321

Disasters of the Allies in Spain and on the Rhine	323

Marlborough in consequence strongly urges an invasion of the south of France	324

Selfish conduct of Austria which ruins the expedition ib 30 Invasion of Provence by Eugene	326

Eugene is obliged to raise the siege and retire into Italy	327

Fresh difficulties with the King of Sweden	328

A treaty is at length adjusted ib 34 Operations in Flanders	330

Marlborough again advances and the French retire to Lille	331

Marlborough closes the campaign and returns to England	332

Causes of the reaction against Marlborough and the war at this time ib 38 Change in the system of government by the Revolution	333

Vast increase of loans taxes and corruption	335

Liability of women to change of disposition and favourites	336

Dangers of this in a queen	337

Queen Annes early friendship for Marlborough	338

Real causes of Annes alienation from Marlborough	339

The Queens partiality to the Tories and the Duchesss to the Whigs	340

Which was increased by Marlboroughs absence and success in war	341

Vacillation and inconsistency in the Queen	342

Commencement of the Duchesss decline in influence at court	343

Dissension about Sunderlands appointment ib 49 Secret reasons of the keenness of both parties on this question	344

Dread of the Tories was the reason	345

Marlborough joins the Duchess in urging the appointment	346

The Queen still holds out and Marlborough still trusts Harley and St John	347

Views and language of Harley and St John at this period	348

Marlboroughs influence at length carries through the appointment	351

Continued leaning of the Queen towards the Tories ib 56 Which appears in her ecclesiastical preferments	353

Jealousy of the Whigs against Marlborough and Godolphin	354

Rise of Abigail Hill and her early history	355

Her great influence	356

Imprudent conduct of the Duchess at this crisis	357

Dignified but unwise conduct of Godolphin and Marlborough at this crisis	359

Reasons of its failure	360

Vehement outcry against Marlborough both in and out of Parliament	361

Speech of Marlborough against drafting men from Flanders	362

Circumstances which occasioned a suspicion of Harley	364

Godolphin breaks with Harley	365

Godolphin and Marlborough threaten to resign	366

The Queen at length yields and Harley is dismissed	367

Unexpected results of the triumph of the Whigs	368

of this	369

The Queen in court is ruled by Harley and Mrs Masham	370

Defeat of the Pretenders attempted invasion of Scotland	371

Design of the Duchess of Marlborough to retire from court	372

Flagrant ingratitude of Mrs Masham and all her relations to the Duchess of Marlborough	374

The grasping disposition of the Whigs was the real cause of the change	375

It was the Revolution which occasioned this grasping disposition in the Whigs	376

CHAPTER VI	378

Vigorous preparations made by Louis XIV for the campaign in the Low Countries	379

Preparations and forces of the Allies in Flanders	380

The Dutch are anxious for a separate peace	381

Vendômes movements to aid a revolt in Antwerp	382

Continued procrastination of the German powers	383

Vendômes able plan to aid a rising in Ghent and Bruges	384

He makes himself master of Ghent and Bruges	385

Marlboroughs activity secures Oudenarde against a coupdemain	386

Extreme vexation and serious illness of Marlborough and junction of Eugene	388

Marlboroughs crossmarch on Vendômes communications	389

Vendôme moves off followed by the Allies	390

Description of the field of battle	393

Preliminary movements on both sides and capture of the French advanced guard	394

Operations of Eugene on the right	397

And of Marlborough on the left	398

Decisive movement by Marlborough against the French left	399

Vigour with which it was executed by Overkirk who entirely turns them	400

Gallant but ineffectual efforts of Vendôme to arrest the disorder	401

Results of the battle	402

Pursuit of the enemy and humanity of Marlborough	404

Capture of the French lines and junction of Berwick with Vendôme and of Eugenes army with Marlborough	406

APPENDIX	451

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Vanlige uttrykk og setninger

advantage affairs afterwards alliance Allies ambition Anne Antwerp arms attack Austria battalions battle battle of Blenheim besieged Blenheim borough Boufflers cabinet campaign cause cavalry CHAP character Charles Churchill Cohorn command commenced Coxe crown danger Danube defeated difficulties directed disaster Donauwörth Duchess Duke Dutch Dutch deputies efforts Elector of Bavaria Emperor enemy enemy's England English Europe favour Flanders force fortresses France French army garrison genius Germany Godolphin guns Hague head Hist Holland honour horse important infantry Italy James jealousy King Lord Louis XIV manner Marl Marlb Marlborough Marshal Marsin Marshal Tallard ment Meuse military monarch Napoleon Nimeguen Obdam Oberglau occasion orders Overkirk paign position Prince Eugene provinces Queen rendered Rhine rough Rousset side siege soon sovereign Spain Spanish Spanish monarchies squadrons States-General strong success thousand throne tion took treaty troops Turenne utmost Vauban Venloo victory vigorous village Villeroi whole William

Bibliografisk informasjon

Tittel	The Life of John, Duke of Marlborough: With Some Account of His Contemporaries and of the War of the Succession, Volum 1 The Life of John, Duke of Marlborough: With Some Account of His Contemporaries and of the War of the Succession, Archibald Alison
Forfatter	Archibald Alison
Utgave	3
Utgiver	W. Blackwood and sons, 1855
Original fra	Ghent-universitetet
Digitalisert	27. nov 2009

Eksporter sitat	BiBTeX EndNote RefMan

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