publication of articles on anthropological topics, has a department on this subject, where notes and reviews of works in all parts of the world are published. During the last year valuable papers have appeared by Dall, Schumacher, Bowers, Palmer, Barber, and others of equal merit. The Kansas City Review is very useful in disseminating a taste for this branch of study in the West. The American Journal gives us two papers of great value-one by Professor Asa Gray, on Forest Geography and Archæology; the other by Mr. McGee, upon a Standard of Measure among the Ancient Mound-builders.

The only mention of the Archæology of the United States in the report of the Committee at the Paris Exposition is of a Collection of plaster-of-Paris Models of the Pueblos and Cliff-dwellings of Arizona, made by Mr. William H. Jackson, and sent by Professor F. V. Hayden.

Mr. James C. Southall, of Richmond, Va., is the author of a work entitled "The Epoch of the Mammoth and the Apparition of Man on Earth." Although relating chiefly to European materials, it refers also to our own stone age. The author contends for an extremely brief residence of man on earth.

On Mexican archæology, the pamphlet of Professor Valentini, entitled "Vortrag über den Mexicanischen Calenderstein," translated by Mr. Stephen Salisbury, in the Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society, No. 71, is a work of rare merit, and may be reckoned among the permanent productions of the year. In the same number of the Proceedings is a long communication upon the Antiquities of the Isla Mujeres, on the northeast coast of Yucatan. The relics were discovered by Dr. Le Plongeon, who has been very suc cessful among Maya remains.

A very creditable publication entitled Anales del Museo Nacional de México has reached the fourth part, and contains in each number communications on Mexican Antiquities.

In the Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 1876, p. 322, Professor Bastian announces the discovery of interesting sculptures at Santa Lucia, near the city of Guatemala, which he purchased for the Berlin Museum. But more than ten years previously, Dr. Habel, of New York, travelling at his own expense, discovered the sculptures, and copied and described them with

the greatest accuracy. An account of his travels and work will be found in the "Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution" for 1877, and in a beautifully illustrated quarto, published by the same at the beginning of 1879. Papers on Central American Antiquities are also mentioned as found in the Annales de Philosophie Chrétienne.

In the Revue d'Anthropologie for October, Señor Estanislas Ceballos describes a Prehistoric Tumulus in Buenos Ayres. In the same journal, pp. 365-368, is a description of the Cemeteries and Paraderos of the Province of Entrerios. In the Geographical Magazine, No. 8, Don Francisco P. Moreno speaks of his researches in Patagonia. On South American archæology, consult also the Revue d'Anthropologie, p. 713. Professor Bastian, after enjoying rare advantages of travel and exploration, has published, in Berlin, “Die Culturländer des Alten Amerika," in two volumes.

EUROPE.

The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland is the official organ for English anthropologists. Owing to the extensive commerce of Britain, and the distribution of her colonies, the archæological department of anthropology is overshadowed by ethnology. Papers on Flint Implements in Ireland, at Cissbury, and in the valley of the Axe, occur in the numbers of the Journal for 1878. In Nature, for August 22, is a review of Greenwell's work on British Barrows; and in the same number, Professor Huxley's address before the Anthropological Section of the British Association at Dublin. The most meagre report of the meeting has reached America.

The best system of research, and of the preservation of antiquities, is to be seen in Denmark, where all relics are made the property of the government. The law has been modified on several occasions, but at present all “finds ” are sent to Professor Worsaae, who has the whole matter in charge. Papers on Danish Antiquities are to be found in the Correspondenzblatt, especially in No. 3, pp. 18, 19; and in the Proceedings of the Society of Northern Antiquaries.

The accounts of the exhibit of Russian antiquities at the Paris Exposition represent the collections as very large and attractive. The Société Impériale des Amis des Sciences Ꭱ

Naturelles, d'Anthropologie et d'Ethnographie de Moscow, of which more will be said under Ethnography, has published in its Bulletins (Izvestia) a goodly number of archæological papers, especially referring to the Tumuli (Kourganes), 3000 of which have been opened, yielding over 10,000 objects. The Royal Archæological Commission of St. Petersburg have been engaged in making a systematic investigation of the antiquities of Russian territory. Their work is described by Dr. John Hawelka in the Mittheilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien. The same journal is devoted to the archæology of Austro-Hungary.

The archæology of Germany finds its exponent in the Archiv für Anthropologie, published in Brunswick; in the Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, published in Berlin; and in the Transactions of the various branches of the German Anthropological Society, reported monthly in the Correspondenz blatt, published in Basle, by D. Kollman. The first number of the Archiv for 1878 contains a paper by Dr. Alf. Nehring, on the Quaternary Fauna of Thiede and Westregeln, together with Traces of Prehistoric Man. The Correspondenzblatt, No. 3, gives the report of Dr. Fraas on a Prehistoric Chart of Germany; and No. 9, a stenographic report of the ninth annual meeting of the German Anthropological Society, together with the address of the president, Dr. Schaffhausen.

Upon Swiss archæology, Dr. Ferdinand Keller's great work on the Lake-dwellings of Switzerland and other parts of Europe leaves nothing to be desired. The English translation, by John Edward Lee, gives to this work a deserved publicity in Britain and America. Dr. Much contributes to the Mittheilungen, vol. vii., p. 378, a paper on Prehistoric Architecture and the Ornamentation of Human Dwellings.

The archeology of France and the study of archæology in France would be difficult to summarize if French savans did not anticipate our wants in this direction. Matériaux pour l'Histoire Primitive et Naturelle de l'Homme (Toulouse), Bulletins de la Société d'Anthropologie, and especially the Revue Prehistorique of the Revue d'Anthropologie, conducted by M. de Mortillet, are indispensable alike to the student of local archæology and to the general inquirer. In addition to these, many French journals publish papers on the subject, notably the Revue Scientifique.

In the October number of the Revue d'Anthropologie, we have three papers, prepared with the greatest care, and giving a résumé of the subject of archæology at the French Exposition. The communications are entitled: Rapport sur la Paléoethnologie-Temps Geologiques, par M. Gabriel de Mortillet; Rapport sur la Paléoethnologie-Periode Neolithique, ou de la Pierre Polie, par M. Émile Cartailhac (this paper has a list of all the neolithic collections on exhibition); Rapport sur la Paléoethnologie-Periode du Bronze et Premier Âge du Fer, par M. Edward Chantre. Reports on the same subject will be found in the September number of the Contemporary Review, in the files of the Revue Scientifique, and of the Athenæum. The energy and skill with which the conductors managed the exhibition, as well as the promptness with which their demands were met, render this the greatest object-lesson on antiquity which the world will witness for many years. The work of M. Chantre on the Bronze Age in France is reviewed in the Revue Scientifique for April 6, pp. 933-941.

Archæology in Italy is reviewed in the Academy for January 12. The Revue d'Anthropologie also notices works and papers of merit on the same subject. Dr. Schliemann, not content with having brought to light two famous cities of antiquity, writes a letter to the Times, an abstract of which is in Nature for October 3, describing his search for the ancient capital of the island of Utica.

Mr. Julius Schubring has written several letters to the Athenæum during the year upon the Excavations at Olympia. In the number for November 23, he commences a series of papers on the Olympian Exhibition at Berlin. The same journal produces a number of interesting sketches upon the island of Cyprus, concerning which a renewed interest has been awakened through its acquisition by the British gov

ernment.

The subject of archæology, and of prehistoric man in general, has been the theme of many able discussions and treatises. Dr. Paul Boca delivered an address upon the Fossil Races of Europe at the opening of the French Association at Havre; Dr. A. Ecker contributes to the Archiv, I. and II., a paper on Prehistoric Art; Professor Max Müller treats of Ancient Times and Ancient Men in Macmillan's Magazine for June;

in the Annales de Philosophie Chrétienne, January and February, is a paper by H. J. Anselm, entitled La Terre Antediluvienne sous le nom de l'Atlantide; Dr. George Fischer discusses Mineralogy as the Handmaid of Archæology in the Archiv, vol. x., No. 4; Mr. Hodder M. Westropp publishes, through Bohn, a Hand-book of Egyptian, Grecian, Etruscan, and Roman Archæology; and Mr. C. F. Keary, a work entitled "The Dawn of History, an Introduction to Prehistoric Study," through Mozley & Smith.

AFRICA.

On African archæology there is very little to mention outside of Egypt. The republication of Sir Gardiner Wilkinson's work on the "Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians," under the editorial supervision of Dr. Samuel Birch, leaves little to be desired in this direction. In the Journal of the Anthropological Institute, vol. vii., p. 323, Captain R. F. Burton describes a Collection of Flint Flakes from Egypt. M. S. Berthelot contributes to the Revue d'Anthropologie, p. 232, a paper on New Discoveries of Antiquities at Forteventura, Canaries. In the Cape Monthly, p. 257, is an article by Dr. Theophilus Hahn, on the Graves of Heitsieibit.

ASIA.

If Africa, outside of Egypt, has little to attract the archæologist, Asia, by the abundance of her antiquities, completely overwhelms him. To commence with Palestine, the Exploration Fund of England, and the labors of Dr. Merrill, accounts of which appeared in the Athenæum from time to time, are the principal researches. Lieutenant Conder has published a volume on Palestine, from materials collected while laboring for the Fund. The endless discussion about the value of the Shapira pottery has narrowed down to a personal controversy concerning human veracity. For the Mesopotamian valley, the papers read before the Society of Biblical Archæology are of the first importance. In addition to these, valuable material is to be found in the publications of the Royal Asiatic Society and its branches, of the Morgenländische Gesellschaft, and of the Société Asiatique, not only concerning Mesopotamian antiquities, but also for the whole Asiatic continent. Mr. Layard has sent to Eng