trary conduct of, 191; controversy with
the Recollets, 192; application for a
successor, 192; retirement, 196; char-
acter, 196.

Lauson, De, governorship of, 125-128; de-

feats the Iroquois, and concludes a
peace with them, 125; two concessions
censured, 126; unpopularity and retire-
ment, 127.

Lescarbot, accompanies De Mont's expedi-
tion, 34; his opinion of Champlain,
87.

Levis, M. de, character and services of,
419; scheme to retake Quebec, and re-
cover Canada, 427; forces under him,
427; advance to recapture Quebec. 448;
victory at Ste Foye, 453, 454; mistake
after, 456; siege preparations, 456;
their defeat, 456-458; his losses, 459;
dispiritment, 460.

Limestone, importation of, 60; discovery
of, 60.

Louis XIV., promise of aid to the colony,
131; apathy, 131; sends an earnest of
aid, and promises more, 134; appoints
a government, 140; jealous and arbi-
trary disposition of, 143; character and
reign, 143; humiliation, 260; unhappy
policy with regard to Canada, 264-268;
mistaken concern for the hatters of
Paris, 265; greatest mistake, 267; great-
ness of, 267, 268; the two objects of his
colonial policy, 268; death and last con-
fession, 268.

Louisbourg, strong fortification, 263; sur-
render to the English, 278; failures to
retake, 278, 279; restoration to France,
281; siege and final capture, 333, 334.

MAGDALEN Islands, discovery of, 3.
Maisonneuve, M. de, magnanimous reply,
107; devotion, 108; prudence and cool
courage, 109; forced retirement of, 111;
disinterestedness of, 111; example of,
111; anecdote of, 112; Ville Marie,
consecration of, 107.

Manee, M. devotion of, 107, 108.
Manufactures, rise of, 170; veto upon,
178.

Mesy, M. de, governorship of, 151; vigor-
ous government, 151; collision with
Laval and the majority of the council,
152; arbitrary and violent proceeding,
153; appeal to the people, 153; charges
against, 153; preparations to impeach,
and death, 154.

Mines, encouragement to, 178.
Missions, Catholic, influence on the history
of the colony, 47; the encouragement,
55; Shea's History of American, 48, 114;
new extensions, 62; embarrassments,
64; fresh aid to, 67; royal favour
shown to, 68; English concession to,
74; extension of, 106.

Mississippi, account of the discovery and
exploration of, 186, 187; original name
of, 187; discoverer's description of the

region of, 188; first thorough naviga-
tion of, 188.

Mohawks. See Iroquois.

Montcalm, General, arrival, antecedents,
and character of, 315; colleagues, 315;
catalogue of discouragements at the
outset of his military rule, 316; dis-
positions of troops, 317; capture of
Fort Oswego, 317, 318; consequent
popularity, 317; concession to blood-
thirsty instincts of the Indians, 318,
323; opinion of the Canadians, 318;
vivacity, 319; concentration upon Ca-
rillon and Crown Point, 320; programme
for 1757, 321; siege and capture of Fort
George, 323-329; repulse of a formid-
able attack on Carillon, 338, 339; esti-
.mate of the weakness of his position at
Carillon, 340; his policy henceforth,
341; instructions from headquarters,
345; devotion, 346; distrust of Vau-
dreuil, 347; forebodings, 353; disgust,
354; last hope, 354; distinguished
officers, 376; defensive policy at
Quebec, 391; mistaken security, 400;
surprise, 406; resolve to give battle,
407; reasons for real and alleged,
407; number of his army, 408; its
disposition, 409; its sudden check
and rout, 411; fall of, 412; his losses,
412; last sayings, 414; burying place,
414, 415; coffin, 415; skull, 415.
Montmaguy, M., governorship of, 104-112;
double object of, 104; Indian surname,
104; ill successes, and hazardous situa-
tion, 105; character and services of,
119, 120; respect for the memory of,

120.

Montmorency, Duke of, vice-royalty, 58;
retirement, 66.

Montreal, origin of the name, 11, 15;
French trading-station, 27; origin of
the city, 43; establishment of La Com-
pagnie de Montreal, 106; rapid growth,
111; population in 1672, 111, 181; bar-
barous onslaught of the Iroquois upon,
202; English expedition against, 214;
fortification of, 269, 296; population
in 1722, final expedition against, 461-
472; capitulation, 473, 474.

Monts, M. de, first visit to Canada, 31;
character and appointment as lieut.-
general, 33; expedition to Canada
under, 34; renewal of charter, 10, 35;
discouragements and retirement, 42,

43.

Murray, General, first English governor
of Quebec, 429; difficulties as to fuel,
430, 431; spirit of his troops, 432; re-
gulations as to prices of food, 434; in-
timidation of the enemy, 434; treat-
ment of the inhabitants, 435, 436; ex-
pulsion by, of Jesuits, 438; criminal
jurisprudence, 439; vigilant military
measures; 440; kept in alarm by the
French, 441; orders misapprehended,
441; severity with the French colonists,

442; takes and fortifies Point Levi, 443;
ruse to revive the spirits of his men,
446; preparations against De Levis' at-
tack, 447; journal, 450; imprudent
hazard of battle, 451; narrative of battle
of Ste Foye, 451-454; manifesto, 454;
sullen despondent spirit of his troops,
455; re-assurance, 456; message to the
fleet, 456; expedition up St Lawrence,
459; expedition against Montreal, 463;
military rule of Canada, 476.

NATIONS, Five. See the Iroquois ; Six, 261.
Newfoundland, early cod fisheries, xix.;

Cartier's comparative estimate of, 3;
M. de Roberval, first French viceroy of,

18.
New France. See Canada. Colonisation
of, 35. See Nova Scotia.

Newspaper, first, Canadian, 281.
Nova Scotia, De Mont's preference for,
34; cession to England by France, 261;
English expedition against the French
in, 301-304; resistance on the part of
the French to English rule on religious
grounds, 301, 302; dilemma of the Eng-
lish in regard to, 302; expulsion and
hardships of French colonists, 303, 304;
resulting desolation, 304; character of
French settlers in, 302, 304.

Nuns, Ursuline, establishment of, 101;
contentedness, 102.

OATH of neutrality, 463.
Oneidas. See Iroquois.
Onondagas. See Iroquois.

Orders, religious, laws to limit the acqui-
sition of property by, 253.

Oswego, Fort, fall of, 318; its effect on
French influence with natives, 320.
Ottawa, discovery of, 45; traversed as far
as 46° 20' north latitude, 48.

PELTRIE, Mad. de la, arrival of, 106; devo-
tion, 106, 107, 176; connections and per-
sonal attractions, 176; influence upon
colonial manners, 177.

Perrot, Nicolas, character and antece-

dents, 228; knowledge of and influence
with the Indians, 228, 229; services to
the colony, 229; good offices of, 246, 250.
Perrots, the, notice of, 184.
Pestilence, ravages of, 147, 148.
Phipps, Sir W. squadron, 214, 216; sum-
mons, 216; flag, 217; attacks
Quebec, 217, 218; discomfiture, 219;
death, 219.

on

Pitt, William, anti-French policy, 312;
vigorous measures, 332.
Plantations. See Colonies.
Portuguese, discoveries of, xvii.; effects

of their example on maritime enter-
prise, xviii.

QUEBEC, origin of, 9-15; French trading-

station at, 27; rude beginnings, 36;
population in 1616, 56; early troubles,

56, 57, 69; projected fortification, 59;
made capital of Canada, 59; famine in
1626, 71; blockade of, and demand to
surrender by the English, 72; sur-
render, 74; foundation of college at,
83; registers first kept in, 101; first
baptism in, 101; first wedding in, 101;
jealousy of Montreal, 111; births in
1670, 1671, 180; growth into a city,
180; great fire in, 191; preparations at,
against the English, 216-219; summons
of to surrender, 216; successful resist-
ance of, 218, 219; state of during siege,
220; additions to the defences of, 227,
269; population in 1722, 271; society of,
in 1720, 273, 274; scarcity in,313; arma-
ment against, under Saunders and
Wolfe, 363-365; operations for defence,
366-369; distribution of forces, 370;
arrival of the English, 371; futile at-
tempt to fire the English fleet and dis-
turb the siege operations, 377, 379;
effect of the bombardment on buildings,
379; virtual destruction, 379; alleged
unjustifiable outrages and devastation in
the fields round by the English, 386-390;
Saunders and Wolfe's opinion of the
defences, 391; desperate condition, 394-
397; prosecution of the siege, 416; sur-
render, 420; terms of capitulation, 420;
occupation by the English, 421; hard-
ships from want of fuel after fall, 430;
sufferings of English garrison, 432;
grotesque appearance of garrison on
parade, 433; sufferings of English gar-
rison. 445; abortive attempt of the
French to retake, 456-458: joy of the
English garrison on the appearance of
relief, 457; siege raised, 458, 459.

RACE ANTIPATHIES, strength of, 25.
Rangers, Wolfe's, bush-fighting and scalp-
ing practice, 373.

Rapids, the, discovery, 32; original name,
32; Champlain visits and passes, 44;
General Amherst's expedition and the,
469; disasters to Amherst's army in, 470.
Registers of births, &c., institution of, 171.
Relations des Jesuistes, 81; value of, 82;
dates, 82; authors, 82; history as
documents, 82; effect of the publica-
tion, 92, 93; references, 118, 120, 126,
128, 129, 133, 148, 167.

Repentigny, Madame, patriotic inven-
tions, 265.

Residences, establishment of, 92; sites
of, 92.

Richelieu, founds a new colonial com-
pany, 75; favours the Jesuits, 77.
Roberval, M. de, appointment as first
French colonial Governor of Canada,
18; failure to found a colony, 22; loss
at sea in a second attempt, 23.
Roche, Marquis de la, failure to found a
French colony in Canada, 26.
Rocky Mountains, 276.
Ryswick, Treaty of, 241.

SABLE ISLAND, convict colony at, 26; fate
of the first colonists, 26.
Sagard, Gabriel, services in promoting
peace among the native Indians, 62;
league with the Jesuits, 67.
Salle, La, first navigator of the Mississippi,
188, 193; his establishment of forts and
trading-posts, 188, 189; death, 193.
Saunders, Admiral, appointment to com-
mand naval squadron against Quebec,
358; distinguished subordinates, 376.
Scurvy, symptoms and effects of, 13; In-
dian antidote for, 14; ravages of, 14,
37, 56, 181, 261.

Seminary, the Jesuit, at Quebec, institu-
tion of, 137; attendance, 180; trans-
formation of, 196.

Senecas. See Iroquois.

Settlers, the first, in America, quarrels and
jealousies, 99; injudicious conduct to-
wards natives, 99; conflicting claims, 100.
Sillery, M. de, benefactions of, 106.
Simon le Moyne, self-sacrifice of, 133.
Shenectady, massacre of, 209.
Slate, importation of, 60.
Small-pox, ravages of, 181, 201.

Soldiers, English, horror of the Indians,
323.

Spain and Portugal, pretensions, 21.
Spaniards, treachery and cruelty of the, 25.
Stadacona, French station at, 9; visited
by Champlain, 32.

St Lawrence, the, discovery of, 7, 9, 15;
forests on the banks, 20.

St Sulpice, the order of, foundation of, in
Montreal, 111.

TADOUSSAC, first French trading settle-

ment at, 27; second settlement at, 31.
Taieronk, chief of the Hurons, speech of,
122.

Talon, Intendant, arrival of, 155; co-
operation with De Tracy, 170; services
to the colony, 177-180; boast of, 178;
character, 179.

Three Rivers, trading-post at, 27-31; con-
spiracy at, 58.

Tithes, imposition of, 138; changes in the
rating, 138; popular resistance, 152;
acceptable adjustment, 155.
Toast, British, 364.

Tourmente, Captain, the hay-field of, 69.
Trade, early, with Canada, 24; in skins

and furs, 27-29; settlements for, 27;
extent and value of the peltry, 80; in
beavers' skins, 126; dependent on
the friendly or unfriendly relations with
Iroquois, 126; export, 170; import, 170.
Trade, free, effects of, 43; infant strug-
gles of, 44.

Traffic, liquor, preventive measure by
Champlain, 138; English encourage-
ment to, 138; increase of, 138; dissen-
sions arising out of, 138, 139; demoralis-
ing effects on the Indians, 139-148; dis-
sensions about, 184; inquiry into, and
decision regarding, 185.

Tracy, M. de, appointment as viceroy,
154; arrival of, 154; vigorous measures
against the Iroquois, 155-160; courage,
160; expedition against the Iroquois,
160-166; colonial management, 169-171;
return to France, 171.

UTRECHT, Treaty of, 258.

VALLIER, M. de St, installation as bishop,

196.

Vaudreuil, M. de, governorship, 254-272;
impolicy with the English colonists, 256;
wife, 262; anti-English policy, 269; in-
ternal policy, 269; death, 272.
Vaudreuil, M. de (the younger), governor-
ship, 297; opinion of the Canadians,
and their treatment by the regulars,
319; military project for 1757, 321;
opinion of Montcalm, 347; culpable
partiality, 351; manifesto of, 357; con-
duct at the surrender of Quebec, 417,
418; conduct at Montreal, 472, 473.
Ventadour, Duc de, becomes viceroy, 66;
forwards the mission of Le Caron and
Sagard, 66.

Verrazzani, mission of, xix.

WASHINGTON, appointment of, to defend
British soil against French pretensions,
288; mistaken conflict with the French,
288, 289; defence, 289; charge against,
of murder and assassination, 289; capi-
tulation to the French, 290; rear-guard
in a retreat, 307.

West Indian Company, charter, 169, 170;
dissolution, 170.

Wolfe, General, conduct at siege of Louis-

bourg, 334; character and antecedents,
363, 364; exclusive respect for courage
and drill, 365; manifesto in name of
King of England, 371, 372; disposition
of troops against Quebec, 372-375;
failure to provoke Montcalm to general
action, 380-385; defeat at Beauport
Flats, 384, 385; censure of the rash-
ness of the grenadiers, 386; attempt
to stain the memory of, 388; aban-
donment of the idea of attempting
to land above the city, 392; resolution
to force an action, 397; illness, 397;
report of this decision and his death
published together in England, 397;
occcupation of Fort Levi, a preparation
to transport all the troops to north side,
399; superintendence of transportation,
400; disguised movements, 400-403;
general order of, Sept. 11, 401, 402;
landing on north shore, Sept. 13, 403;
secure position, 404; choice of battle-
ground, 404; number and quality of his
army, 409; its disposition, 409, 410;
victory of, 411; fall of, 412; last words,
413; monuments to the memory of, 424,
Women, services and consequent emanci-
pation of, by France, 221, 222; English,
in winter quarters, 433.