trary conduct of, 191; controversy with the Recollets, 192; application for a successor, 192; retirement, 196; char- acter, 196.
Lauson, De, governorship of, 125-128; de-
feats the Iroquois, and concludes a peace with them, 125; two concessions censured, 126; unpopularity and retire- ment, 127.
Lescarbot, accompanies De Mont's expedi- tion, 34; his opinion of Champlain, 87.
Levis, M. de, character and services of, 419; scheme to retake Quebec, and re- cover Canada, 427; forces under him, 427; advance to recapture Quebec. 448; victory at Ste Foye, 453, 454; mistake after, 456; siege preparations, 456; their defeat, 456-458; his losses, 459; dispiritment, 460.
Limestone, importation of, 60; discovery of, 60.
Louis XIV., promise of aid to the colony, 131; apathy, 131; sends an earnest of aid, and promises more, 134; appoints a government, 140; jealous and arbi- trary disposition of, 143; character and reign, 143; humiliation, 260; unhappy policy with regard to Canada, 264-268; mistaken concern for the hatters of Paris, 265; greatest mistake, 267; great- ness of, 267, 268; the two objects of his colonial policy, 268; death and last con- fession, 268.
Louisbourg, strong fortification, 263; sur- render to the English, 278; failures to retake, 278, 279; restoration to France, 281; siege and final capture, 333, 334.
MAGDALEN Islands, discovery of, 3. Maisonneuve, M. de, magnanimous reply, 107; devotion, 108; prudence and cool courage, 109; forced retirement of, 111; disinterestedness of, 111; example of, 111; anecdote of, 112; Ville Marie, consecration of, 107.
Manee, M. devotion of, 107, 108. Manufactures, rise of, 170; veto upon, 178.
Mesy, M. de, governorship of, 151; vigor- ous government, 151; collision with Laval and the majority of the council, 152; arbitrary and violent proceeding, 153; appeal to the people, 153; charges against, 153; preparations to impeach, and death, 154.
Mines, encouragement to, 178. Missions, Catholic, influence on the history of the colony, 47; the encouragement, 55; Shea's History of American, 48, 114; new extensions, 62; embarrassments, 64; fresh aid to, 67; royal favour shown to, 68; English concession to, 74; extension of, 106.
Mississippi, account of the discovery and exploration of, 186, 187; original name of, 187; discoverer's description of the
region of, 188; first thorough naviga- tion of, 188.
Mohawks. See Iroquois.
Montcalm, General, arrival, antecedents, and character of, 315; colleagues, 315; catalogue of discouragements at the outset of his military rule, 316; dis- positions of troops, 317; capture of Fort Oswego, 317, 318; consequent popularity, 317; concession to blood- thirsty instincts of the Indians, 318, 323; opinion of the Canadians, 318; vivacity, 319; concentration upon Ca- rillon and Crown Point, 320; programme for 1757, 321; siege and capture of Fort George, 323-329; repulse of a formid- able attack on Carillon, 338, 339; esti- .mate of the weakness of his position at Carillon, 340; his policy henceforth, 341; instructions from headquarters, 345; devotion, 346; distrust of Vau- dreuil, 347; forebodings, 353; disgust, 354; last hope, 354; distinguished officers, 376; defensive policy at Quebec, 391; mistaken security, 400; surprise, 406; resolve to give battle, 407; reasons for real and alleged, 407; number of his army, 408; its disposition, 409; its sudden check and rout, 411; fall of, 412; his losses, 412; last sayings, 414; burying place, 414, 415; coffin, 415; skull, 415. Montmaguy, M., governorship of, 104-112; double object of, 104; Indian surname, 104; ill successes, and hazardous situa- tion, 105; character and services of, 119, 120; respect for the memory of,
Montmorency, Duke of, vice-royalty, 58; retirement, 66.
Montreal, origin of the name, 11, 15; French trading-station, 27; origin of the city, 43; establishment of La Com- pagnie de Montreal, 106; rapid growth, 111; population in 1672, 111, 181; bar- barous onslaught of the Iroquois upon, 202; English expedition against, 214; fortification of, 269, 296; population in 1722, final expedition against, 461- 472; capitulation, 473, 474.
Monts, M. de, first visit to Canada, 31; character and appointment as lieut.- general, 33; expedition to Canada under, 34; renewal of charter, 10, 35; discouragements and retirement, 42,
Murray, General, first English governor of Quebec, 429; difficulties as to fuel, 430, 431; spirit of his troops, 432; re- gulations as to prices of food, 434; in- timidation of the enemy, 434; treat- ment of the inhabitants, 435, 436; ex- pulsion by, of Jesuits, 438; criminal jurisprudence, 439; vigilant military measures; 440; kept in alarm by the French, 441; orders misapprehended, 441; severity with the French colonists,
442; takes and fortifies Point Levi, 443; ruse to revive the spirits of his men, 446; preparations against De Levis' at- tack, 447; journal, 450; imprudent hazard of battle, 451; narrative of battle of Ste Foye, 451-454; manifesto, 454; sullen despondent spirit of his troops, 455; re-assurance, 456; message to the fleet, 456; expedition up St Lawrence, 459; expedition against Montreal, 463; military rule of Canada, 476.
NATIONS, Five. See the Iroquois ; Six, 261. Newfoundland, early cod fisheries, xix.;
Cartier's comparative estimate of, 3; M. de Roberval, first French viceroy of,
18. New France. See Canada. Colonisation of, 35. See Nova Scotia.
Newspaper, first, Canadian, 281. Nova Scotia, De Mont's preference for, 34; cession to England by France, 261; English expedition against the French in, 301-304; resistance on the part of the French to English rule on religious grounds, 301, 302; dilemma of the Eng- lish in regard to, 302; expulsion and hardships of French colonists, 303, 304; resulting desolation, 304; character of French settlers in, 302, 304.
Nuns, Ursuline, establishment of, 101; contentedness, 102.
OATH of neutrality, 463. Oneidas. See Iroquois. Onondagas. See Iroquois.
Orders, religious, laws to limit the acqui- sition of property by, 253.
Oswego, Fort, fall of, 318; its effect on French influence with natives, 320. Ottawa, discovery of, 45; traversed as far as 46° 20' north latitude, 48.
PELTRIE, Mad. de la, arrival of, 106; devo- tion, 106, 107, 176; connections and per- sonal attractions, 176; influence upon colonial manners, 177.
Perrot, Nicolas, character and antece-
dents, 228; knowledge of and influence with the Indians, 228, 229; services to the colony, 229; good offices of, 246, 250. Perrots, the, notice of, 184. Pestilence, ravages of, 147, 148. Phipps, Sir W. squadron, 214, 216; sum- mons, 216; flag, 217; attacks Quebec, 217, 218; discomfiture, 219; death, 219.
Pitt, William, anti-French policy, 312; vigorous measures, 332. Plantations. See Colonies. Portuguese, discoveries of, xvii.; effects
of their example on maritime enter- prise, xviii.
QUEBEC, origin of, 9-15; French trading-
station at, 27; rude beginnings, 36; population in 1616, 56; early troubles,
56, 57, 69; projected fortification, 59; made capital of Canada, 59; famine in 1626, 71; blockade of, and demand to surrender by the English, 72; sur- render, 74; foundation of college at, 83; registers first kept in, 101; first baptism in, 101; first wedding in, 101; jealousy of Montreal, 111; births in 1670, 1671, 180; growth into a city, 180; great fire in, 191; preparations at, against the English, 216-219; summons of to surrender, 216; successful resist- ance of, 218, 219; state of during siege, 220; additions to the defences of, 227, 269; population in 1722, 271; society of, in 1720, 273, 274; scarcity in,313; arma- ment against, under Saunders and Wolfe, 363-365; operations for defence, 366-369; distribution of forces, 370; arrival of the English, 371; futile at- tempt to fire the English fleet and dis- turb the siege operations, 377, 379; effect of the bombardment on buildings, 379; virtual destruction, 379; alleged unjustifiable outrages and devastation in the fields round by the English, 386-390; Saunders and Wolfe's opinion of the defences, 391; desperate condition, 394- 397; prosecution of the siege, 416; sur- render, 420; terms of capitulation, 420; occupation by the English, 421; hard- ships from want of fuel after fall, 430; sufferings of English garrison, 432; grotesque appearance of garrison on parade, 433; sufferings of English gar- rison. 445; abortive attempt of the French to retake, 456-458: joy of the English garrison on the appearance of relief, 457; siege raised, 458, 459.
RACE ANTIPATHIES, strength of, 25. Rangers, Wolfe's, bush-fighting and scalp- ing practice, 373.
Rapids, the, discovery, 32; original name, 32; Champlain visits and passes, 44; General Amherst's expedition and the, 469; disasters to Amherst's army in, 470. Registers of births, &c., institution of, 171. Relations des Jesuistes, 81; value of, 82; dates, 82; authors, 82; history as documents, 82; effect of the publica- tion, 92, 93; references, 118, 120, 126, 128, 129, 133, 148, 167.
Repentigny, Madame, patriotic inven- tions, 265.
Residences, establishment of, 92; sites of, 92.
Richelieu, founds a new colonial com- pany, 75; favours the Jesuits, 77. Roberval, M. de, appointment as first French colonial Governor of Canada, 18; failure to found a colony, 22; loss at sea in a second attempt, 23. Roche, Marquis de la, failure to found a French colony in Canada, 26. Rocky Mountains, 276. Ryswick, Treaty of, 241.
SABLE ISLAND, convict colony at, 26; fate of the first colonists, 26. Sagard, Gabriel, services in promoting peace among the native Indians, 62; league with the Jesuits, 67. Salle, La, first navigator of the Mississippi, 188, 193; his establishment of forts and trading-posts, 188, 189; death, 193. Saunders, Admiral, appointment to com- mand naval squadron against Quebec, 358; distinguished subordinates, 376. Scurvy, symptoms and effects of, 13; In- dian antidote for, 14; ravages of, 14, 37, 56, 181, 261.
Seminary, the Jesuit, at Quebec, institu- tion of, 137; attendance, 180; trans- formation of, 196.
Senecas. See Iroquois.
Settlers, the first, in America, quarrels and jealousies, 99; injudicious conduct to- wards natives, 99; conflicting claims, 100. Sillery, M. de, benefactions of, 106. Simon le Moyne, self-sacrifice of, 133. Shenectady, massacre of, 209. Slate, importation of, 60. Small-pox, ravages of, 181, 201.
Soldiers, English, horror of the Indians, 323.
Spain and Portugal, pretensions, 21. Spaniards, treachery and cruelty of the, 25. Stadacona, French station at, 9; visited by Champlain, 32.
St Lawrence, the, discovery of, 7, 9, 15; forests on the banks, 20.
St Sulpice, the order of, foundation of, in Montreal, 111.
TADOUSSAC, first French trading settle-
ment at, 27; second settlement at, 31. Taieronk, chief of the Hurons, speech of, 122.
Talon, Intendant, arrival of, 155; co- operation with De Tracy, 170; services to the colony, 177-180; boast of, 178; character, 179.
Three Rivers, trading-post at, 27-31; con- spiracy at, 58.
Tithes, imposition of, 138; changes in the rating, 138; popular resistance, 152; acceptable adjustment, 155. Toast, British, 364.
Tourmente, Captain, the hay-field of, 69. Trade, early, with Canada, 24; in skins
and furs, 27-29; settlements for, 27; extent and value of the peltry, 80; in beavers' skins, 126; dependent on the friendly or unfriendly relations with Iroquois, 126; export, 170; import, 170. Trade, free, effects of, 43; infant strug- gles of, 44.
Traffic, liquor, preventive measure by Champlain, 138; English encourage- ment to, 138; increase of, 138; dissen- sions arising out of, 138, 139; demoralis- ing effects on the Indians, 139-148; dis- sensions about, 184; inquiry into, and decision regarding, 185.
Tracy, M. de, appointment as viceroy, 154; arrival of, 154; vigorous measures against the Iroquois, 155-160; courage, 160; expedition against the Iroquois, 160-166; colonial management, 169-171; return to France, 171.
UTRECHT, Treaty of, 258.
VALLIER, M. de St, installation as bishop,
Vaudreuil, M. de, governorship, 254-272; impolicy with the English colonists, 256; wife, 262; anti-English policy, 269; in- ternal policy, 269; death, 272. Vaudreuil, M. de (the younger), governor- ship, 297; opinion of the Canadians, and their treatment by the regulars, 319; military project for 1757, 321; opinion of Montcalm, 347; culpable partiality, 351; manifesto of, 357; con- duct at the surrender of Quebec, 417, 418; conduct at Montreal, 472, 473. Ventadour, Duc de, becomes viceroy, 66; forwards the mission of Le Caron and Sagard, 66.
Verrazzani, mission of, xix.
WASHINGTON, appointment of, to defend British soil against French pretensions, 288; mistaken conflict with the French, 288, 289; defence, 289; charge against, of murder and assassination, 289; capi- tulation to the French, 290; rear-guard in a retreat, 307.
West Indian Company, charter, 169, 170; dissolution, 170.
Wolfe, General, conduct at siege of Louis-
bourg, 334; character and antecedents, 363, 364; exclusive respect for courage and drill, 365; manifesto in name of King of England, 371, 372; disposition of troops against Quebec, 372-375; failure to provoke Montcalm to general action, 380-385; defeat at Beauport Flats, 384, 385; censure of the rash- ness of the grenadiers, 386; attempt to stain the memory of, 388; aban- donment of the idea of attempting to land above the city, 392; resolution to force an action, 397; illness, 397; report of this decision and his death published together in England, 397; occcupation of Fort Levi, a preparation to transport all the troops to north side, 399; superintendence of transportation, 400; disguised movements, 400-403; general order of, Sept. 11, 401, 402; landing on north shore, Sept. 13, 403; secure position, 404; choice of battle- ground, 404; number and quality of his army, 409; its disposition, 409, 410; victory of, 411; fall of, 412; last words, 413; monuments to the memory of, 424, Women, services and consequent emanci- pation of, by France, 221, 222; English, in winter quarters, 433.
« ForrigeFortsett » |