declare his assent or dissent to the question, unless, for special reasons, he be excused by the Senate.

13. When a motion is made to shut the doors of the Senate, on the discussion of any business which, in the opinion of any member, may require secrecy, the president shall desire the gallery to be closed, and the doors shall remain closed until the subject is disposed of.

14. After a motion has been decided, it shall be in order for any member who voted with the majority, or, if the Senate be equally divided, any member voting on the side prevailing, to move for a reconsideration thereof, unless the bill, resolution, report, amendment, or motion on which the vote was taken, has gone from the possession of the Senate; but no motion to reconsider shall be in order unless made the same day on which the vote was taken, or the next day after on which the vote was taken, on which the Senate shall be in session; but no vote shall be reconsidered when a less number of members is present than when it passed.

15. Before any petition or memorial, addressed to the Senate, shall be received and read, a brief statement of the contents thereof shall be made by the member introducing the same.

16. Any member, on giving notice of asking leave to bring in a bill, shall state the nature of the bill he proposes to introduce, and at least one day's notice shall be given before a motion for leave shall be in order.

17. Every bill shall be read three times before its passage; and the president shall give notice at each time whether it be the first, second, or third reading; and no bill, after it has been read a second time, shall have a third reading before an adjournment. 18. All resolutions which may require the signature of the governor shall be treated in the same manner as bills.

19. When a bill shall have been read a first time, and ordered to a second reading, it shall be immediately read a second time by its title, and by the president referred to the appropriate standing committee, unless otherwise ordered by the Senate.

20. All bills introduced in the Senate, to repeal or modify an existing statute, shall refer to the act proposed to be repealed or modified, by the title and the session at which it was passed; and no bill shall refer to any statutes by the number of the chapter of the pamphlet laws.

21. The Senate may resolve itself into a committee of the whole at any time, on motion made for that purpose; and in forming a committee of the whole, the president shall leave the chair and appoint a chairman to preside in committee. The president may at any time name any member to perform the duties of the chair, but such substitution shall not extend beyond an adjournment.

22. The last question, upon the second reading of a bill or

resolution, shall always be, Shall it be read a third time? and no amendment shall be received or discussed on the third reading of any bill or resolution, unless by consent of eight members present; but it shall at all times be in order, before the final passage of a bill or resolution, to move its commitment; and should such commitment take place, and an amendment be reported, the bill or resolution shall again be read a second time, and considered as in committee of the whole.

23. The titles of bills, and such parts thereof as may be affected by proposed amendments, shall be entered on the journals.

24. All bills, resolutions, and addresses, after passing the Senate, shall be signed by the president; and all warrants and other processes issued by order of the Senate, shall be under his hand and seal, attested by the clerk.

25. The following standing committees, to consist of five members each, shall be appointed at the commencement of any session, with leave to report by bill or otherwise: a Committee on the Judiciary; a Committee on Incorporations; a Committee on State Institutions; a Committee on Military Affairs; a Committee on Roads, Bridges, and Canals; a Committee on Claims; a Committee on Railroads; a Committee on Banks; a Committee on Agriculture; a Committee on Manufactures; a Committee on Elections; a Committee on Education; a Committee on Finance, and a Committee on Towns.

26. All committees shall be appointed by the president, unless a member requests that the appointment shall be by ballot, in which case it shall be so done.

27. When the Senate shall concur with the House of Representatives in the appointment of a joint committee, consisting of not more than five members of the House, two members shall be added on the part of the Senate; but when more than five, three members of the Senate shall be added.

28. Messages shall be sent to the House of Representatives by the clerk of the Senate.

29. Messages from the governor or House of Representatives may be received at all times, except when the Senate is engaged in putting the question, in calling the yeas and nays, counting the ballots, or in reading the journal.

30. All questions shall be put by the president, and each member of the Senate shall signify his assent or dissent by answering yea or nay. If the president doubts, or a division is called for, the Senate shall divide. Those in the affirmative of the question shall first rise from their seats, and stand until they be counted, and afterwards those in the negative shall rise and stand till they be counted. The president shall then rise and state the decision of the Senate.

31. No person except the members of the Executive, or mem

bers of the House of Representatives and its officers, shall be admitted within the bar of the Senate, except by invitation of the president, or some member, with his consent.

32. The Senate shall adjourn to meet at ten o'clock in the morning, and three o'clock in the afternoon of each day, unless the Senate shall otherwise order.

33. Motions to adjourn shall be decided without debate.

34. No standing rule of the Senate shall be suspended unless two-thirds of the members present vote in favor thereof, and no rule shall be rescinded unless one day's notice of the motion has been given and two-thirds of those present vote therefor.

RULES OF THE HOUSE.

OF THE DUTY OF THE SPEAKER.

1. The speaker shall take the chair at precisely the hour to which the House shall have adjourned, and shall immediately call the members to order.

2. He shall preserve decorum and order; may speak on points of order in preference to other members, rising from his seat for that purpose; and shall decide questions of order, subject to an appeal to the House by any two members.

3. Questions shall be distinctly put in this form, to wit: "As many as are of opinion that" (as the case may be), " say aye"; and after the affirmative vote is expressed, "Those of a contrary opinion, say no." If the speaker doubts, or a division is called for, the House shall divide. Those in the affirmative of the question shall first rise from their seats and stand till they be counted, and afterwards those in the negative shall rise and stand till they be counted. The speaker shall then rise and state the decision of the House.

4. He shall rise to put a question, but may state it sitting. 5. All committees shall be appointed by the speaker, unless otherwise directed by the House.

6. The speaker shall designate to which of the standing committees all memorials, petitions, accounts, or other matters shall be referred, unless otherwise ordered by the House.

7. The speaker shall vote in no case unless the House be equally divided, or unless his vote, if given to the minority, will make the division equal; and in case of such equal division the question shall be lost.

8. All acts, addresses, and joint resolutions shall be signed by the speaker; and all writs, warrants, or subpoenas issued by order of the House, shall be under his hand and seal, attested by the clerk.

9. In case of any disturbance or disorderly conduct in the galleries, the speaker, or chairman of the Committee of the Whole House, shall have the power to order the same to be cleared.

10. No person but the members and officers of the House, members of the council, and members of the Senate, the secre

tary of the state, treasurer, and clerks of the Senate, shall be admitted within the door of the representatives' chamber, unless by invitation of the speaker, or some member of the House with the consent of the speaker, except in public hearings, parties, their counsel and witnesses, under the direction of the speaker.

11. The speaker shall have power to substitute any member to perform the duties of the chair, such substitution not to extend beyond an adjournment.

OF DECORUM AND DEBATE.

12. When any member is about to speak in debate, or deliver any matter to the House, he shall rise from his seat and respectfully address himself to the Speaker.

13. If any member transgress the rules of the House, the speaker shall, or any member may, call him to order; in which case the member so called to order shall immediately sit down, and the question of order shall then be distinctly stated from the chair; and in all cases where a member shall be called to order for uttering disrespectful words, upon the request of any member the words objected to shall be reduced to writing by the member so calling to order; after which the member so called to order may explain, and the question shall be open to debate, as in other cases, and decided by the speaker, whose decision shall be submitted to, unless an appeal be made to the House by a member, in which case the only question shall be, "Is the speaker's decision correct?" which shall be decided without debate. If the decision be in favor of the member called to order, he may proceed; if otherwise, and the case may require it, he shall be liable to the censure of the House.

14. In all cases the member first rising shall speak first. When two members rise at the same time, the speaker shall name the person to speak.

15. No member shall speak more than twice on the same question, without leave of the House; nor more than once, until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken.

16. While the speaker is putting any question, or addressing the House, no one shall walk out of or across the House; nor in such case, or when a member is speaking, shall entertain private discourse; nor, while a member is speaking, shall pass between him and the chair; nor shall any member leave his seat while the yeas and nays are calling.

17. No member shall vote on any question in the event of which he is directly interested; or in any case where he was not present when the question was put; nor sit upon any committee when he is directly interested in the question under consideration. In case of such interest of a member of a committee, the