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7-"The Protective Tariff; Its Advantages to the South." Speech of Hon. J. C. PRITCHARD, U.S.S., of North Carolina, 16 pp. .10 10 Farmers and the Tariff.'

THOMAS H. DUDLEY. 16 pp... 11-"Abraham Lincoln on the Tariff -Extracts from Lincoln's Speeches and Writings on the Tariff." Address by Hon. W. F. WAKEMAN, at Liberty, N. Y. 16 pp... 18-"Workingmen and the Tariff." 16 pp.

17-"Protection for American Ship

ping." 8 pp. .......

19"Why Irishmen Should Be Pro

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tectionists." 8 pp.

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20 "Protection."

DOWN. 8 pp.

E. H. AMMI

21-"What Is a Tariff?" 4 pp... 24-"To Farmers: What Has the Underwood Free-Trade Tariff Done to You?" 8 pp.

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-"Sball We Preserve Our Herds and Flocks?" Speech of Hon. FRANCIS E. WARREN, U.S.S., of Wyoming. 16 pp..

"The Southerner's National View of Protection." ENOCH ENSLEY. 12 pp...... 29Tariff Legislation from the Early Days of the Government. By a Southern Protectionist. 12 PP. The Dingley Tariff." 48 pp... 82-"Blaine's Reply to Gladstone" and "Free Trade or Protection."' Speech of Hon. CHESTER 1. LONG, M.C., of Kansas. 16 pp. 84Blaine's Reply to Gladstone," in German. 24 pp...... 86 "Taking Liberties with ProsAddress by T perity." COWLES, Morristown, N.

87 The Tariff and Cuban ReciprocSpeech by Hon. WILLIAM

88 Cuban Reciprocity," by a Member of Congress. 16 pp...

"American Tariffs and American Sheep. Speech of Hon. CHARLES

H. GROSVENOR, of Ohio. 16 pp. .10 40-"Let the Tariff Alone." Speeches by PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT, at Minneapolis; SECRETARY SHAW, at Peoria; SECRETARY ROOT, at Boston, etc. 16 pp......

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74 "An Appeal in Behalf of_Tariff Stability. Address and Resolu tion Adopted at the Twentieth Annual Meeting of American Protective Tariff League. 4 pp......... 76 "That Terrible Eclipse." An Exposition of Finance and Industry Under Three Administrations and Three Tariffs During the Decade of 1890-1900. By FRANCIS CURTIS. 16 pp. ..........

77-"A Democrat Who Flopped. Why Did He Flop?" Speech of Hon. JOSEPH CROCKER SIBLEY, at Bradford, Pa., September 17, 1900. 8 pp.

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78-"Protection Is Panic Proof." Speech by Hon. J. H. GALLINGER, U.S.S., of New Hampshire. 16 pp. 10 79 "Prosperity Under Protection." Speech by Hon. P. P. CAMPBELL, M.C., of Kansas. 16 pp.......... 80-"Impossible Reciprocity" Views of CHARLES A. MOORE on FreeTrade with Canada in Natural Products. 4 pp.

82-"German Tariff Agreement." Text of the Trade Arrangement Between the United States and Germany, taking effect July 1, 1907. 32 pp.

84 "Home Market." The Tariff in Its Relation to the Farmer, the Manufacturer, the Wage Earner and to All Classes and Conditions of Men. Speech of Hon. JOHN F. LACEY, M.C., of Iowa, March 6, 16 pp...

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Consumers."' Speech by Hon. LESLIE M. SHAW, Secretary of the Treasury, at St. Louis. 8 pp.

86 "Shall There Be a Duty Hides?" Live Stock Statistics. Speech of Hon. FRANCIS E. WARREN, of Wyoming. 16 pp.... 87-Tariff Reduction Always Brings Hard Times." Extracts from a speech of Hon. JAMES T. McCLEARY, of Minnesota. 8 pp.... 88 "The Roosevelt Idea of Tariff Revision." Extract from speech of Hon. JAMES T. MCCLEARY, of Minnesota. 8 pp.

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To American Producers:

Please report to us any article or articles of use in agriculture, mining or manufacture in the United States for the supply of which we are dependent upon any foreign country. Give details.

THE

AMERICAN PROTECTIVE TARIFF LEAGUE
339 Broadway, New York

Protection Book Table

To meet frequent inquiries and a growing call from students and school and college libraries, we give the following list of books upon Protection and kindred subjects, which may be read with profit by those seeking thorough information upon the American System:

PRICE, POSTPAID.

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lectures at Harvard University, 1885, by Robert E. Thompson, of Pennsylvania University

1.00

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ELKINS,

tracts from speech of Hon. JAMES T. MCCLEARY, of Minnesota.

8

Manual of Social Science. Condensed from Carey's "Principles of Social Science," by Kate Mc

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U.S.S., of West Virginia. 32 pp.. "Why First Voters Should Be Protectionists" and "Protection Our Proper, Permanent Policy. Speeches of Hon, JAMES T. McCLEARY, of Minnesota. 64 pp... 49 "Economic Aspect of Reciprocity." Two Lectures by JOHN P. YOUNG. 16 pp...

50-Tariff Revision-Shall the Dingley Law Be Tampered With?" Expressions of Views by U. S. Senators and Congressmen. 12 pp.... 12"American Tariffs from Plymouth Rock to McKinley and Dingley." "Prosperity Is the Issue, Protection Is Panic Proof." Speeches by Hon. J. H. GALLINGER, U.S.S., of New Hampshire. 128 pp.

The Tariff." Extracts from the speeches of Hon. WM. J. BRYAN and Hon. WM. McKINLEY, and arranged in parallel columns.

61"Pottery." By U. S. Consul

BURGESS. 16 pp.

-"Farmers' Egg Basket." 4 pp.. "The Tariff. Speech of Hon.

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PP.......
91-"Condemns the German Agree-
ment.' Resolutions of the Ameri-
can Protective Tariff League re-
monstrating against the Agreement
as illegal, unfair and contrary to
the policy of Protection. 4 pp....
the
Vital Issue Before
93-"The
American People." Speech by Hon.
JOSEPH W. FORDNEY, of Michi-
32 pp.
gan.
94 "Not a Menace of Our Forests
-Insignificant Portion of American
Timber Growth Used in the Produc-
tion of Wood Pulp and Paper."

95 The Tax on Corporations."
Hon. JOHN S. WISE. 8 pp......
98 "The New Tariff as Its Friends
See It." By CHARLES HERBER
CLARK, in the Philadelphia Sat-
urday Evening Post, October 1,
1910. 8 pp.

99 "Exchange Value of Farm Prod-
ucts." The Farmer's condition at
the present time as compared with
his condition in 1896. Speech of
Hon. REED SMOOT, U.S.S., of
Utah. 16 pp. ....

100 "Story of a Tariff." The Tariff Act of 1909. (Parts of Congressional Record.) Extracts from debate in the extra session of the Sixty-first Congress. 93 subjects577 speeches copiously indexed. 480 pp. Price, single copy..

Above list subject to change without notice. AMERICAN PROTECTIVE TARIFF LEAGUE

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Offices: No. 339 Broadway, Between Worth and Leonard Streets, New York.

Orders should be addressed to American Protective Tariff League, 339 Broadway, between Worth and Leonard Sts., New York.

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American Marine, by W. W. Bates: the most complete work yet published on American Shipping; 579 pp.

4.00

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BOOKS

American Economist

DEVOTED TO THE PROTECTION OF AMERICAN LABOR AND INDUSTRIES.

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H. A. METZ & CO.
Aniline and Alizarine Colors,
Dyestuffs and Chemicals

Sole Licensees and Importers of the Products of
FARBWERKE, vormals
MEISTER LUCIUS BRUENING
Hoechst-on-Main, Germany
122 Hudson Street, New York, N. Y.
140 Oliver Street, Boston, Mass.
104 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
23 So. Main Street, Providence, R. I.
317 No. Clark Street, Chicago, IlI.
210 So. Tyron Street, Charlotte, N. c.
1418 Empire Building, Atlanta, Ga.
20-22 Natoma Street, San Francisco, Cal.
45 Alexander Street, Montreal, Canada
28 Wellington Street, Toronto, Canada

To American Producers:

Please report to us any article or articles of use in agriculture, mining or manufacture in the United States for the supply of which we are dependent upon any foreign country. Give details.

THE

AMERICAN PROTECTIVE TARIFF LEAGUE 339 Broadway, New York

Especially when you find it to your business interests to do so.

We make all grades of fine Tissue Paper, such
as Grass Bleached Silver Tissue.

Copying Papers in endless variety.
Cigarette Papers of every kind, etc., etc.
All "as good as the best imported." For samples

address

DIAMOND MILLS PAPER CO.
44 Murray Street, New York

Olmsted & Tuttle Company

CHICOPEE, MASS.

Contractors with Cotton Mills for all their prod
ucts of Waste. Manufacturers of Wiping and
Packing Waste; "Fleece Filled" Layer Mat-
tresses, Pillows and Cushions; Carpet Linings,
Comfortables, Wadding, Caulking Cotton, House
Mops,

"TO FARMERS:

What Has the Underwood Free-Trade
Tariff Done to You?"

Document No. 24 just issued by the American
Protective Tariff League advances no argu-
ment, but simply gives the facts regarding the
rates of duty on agricultural products under the
Payne-Aldrich Law of 1909, and the Underwood
Law of 1913. It ought to be in the hands of
every voter.
Ten copies sent to any address for Ten Cents
postpaid. Address

W. F. WAKEMAN, Secretary.
339 Broadway, New York.

MERCANTILE BANKERS. 254 Fourth Avenue

New York

Miller Bros.' Steel Pens

Are American and the Best
Miller Bros. Cutlery Co., Meriden, Conn.
Manufacturers

STEEL PENS, INK ERASERS & POCKET CUTLERY

M. A. HANNA & CO. Coal, Iron Ore and Pig Iron CLEVELAND, OHIO

MERIDEN CUTLERY CO.
Fine Table Cutlery

MERIDEN, CONN.

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Business Men in Politics.

The following resolution, urging upon business men a larger participation in national affairs, was unanimously adopted by The American Protective Tariff League at the annual meeting of 1914, held on January 15th:

RESOLVED, That it is in the power and certainly within the rights of American business men to exert a potential influence in American politics. Business has rights which politicians are bound to respect. To the end that these rights shall be respected The American Protective Tariff League recommends and urges a larger participation in political affairs by business men. It is important that they shall exert increased influence in public affairs. More business men in politics are needed for the congressional, state and presidential campaigns of 1914 and 1916, if the public business is to be conducted with intelligent and sane regard for the business needs and the prosperity of the country.

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American Economist

DEVOTED TO THE PROTECTION OF AMERICAN LABOR AND INDUSTRIES.
NEW YORK, DECEMBER 18, 1914.

VOLUME LIV-No. 25.

$2.00 A YEAR. SINGLE COPY, 5 CENTS.

Underwood Tariff a Vital Issue.

The People Resented It at the Polls at the November Elections of 1914, and in the Presidential Campaign of 1916 It Will Again Be the Controlling Issue

and Will Drive the Free-Trade Party Out of Power.

Alike as matters of record and as expressions by men in the thick of the contest and therefore best qualified to speak of cause and effect, the letters from United States Senators and Representatives-elect received by THE AMERICAN PROTECTIVE TARIFF LEAGUE relative to the part played by the Tariff as an issue in the November elections of this year are of exceptional interest. It will be noticed that there is but one opinion as to the potency of the Tariff in so greatly reducing the Free-Trade majority in the present House of Representatives and regarding the decisive part which the Tariff is certain to play in the Presidential, Senatorial and Congressional elections of 1916. More letters on the same subject will appear hereafter in the AMERICAN ECONOMIST.

Senator Sherman of Illinois.

UNITED STATES SENATE.

WASHINGTON, D. C., December 7, 1914.-I have your letter of the 3d instant. In the recent election in Illinois, in my opinion, the Underwood Tariff was a vital issue. Many thousands of idle men who were employed under a different Tariff policy contrasted their present condition with the former ability to make a living. The necessary effect of the Democratic Tariff act has decreased the consumption of domestic productions. It has in normal times increased the imports of like articles, resulting 'n activity and prosperity abroad at our expense. No one is deceived by the economic conditions growing out of the war now affecting Europe and the United States. War exports and the reduction of imports are dependent upon the continuance of that war. Those who applaud temporary improvement, giving the Underwood Tariff the benefit, deceive nobody but themselves. The thinking public unerringly places the responsibility for present conditions where it belongs. Prodigal expenditures coupled with diminishing revenues under the Underwood Tariff have made necessary the so-called war tax. It is a hundred-million-dollar tribute to the incompetency of the present administration to deal justly and wisely with our internal affairs. With kind regards, I am, very truly yours,

L. Y. SHERMAN. (Senator Sherman, of Illinois, was re-elected to succeed himself.)

Senator McLean of Connecticut. UNITED STATES SENATE, COMMITTEE ON BANKING AND CURRENCY, WASHINGTON, D. C., December 7, 1914.-I have yours of the 3d and can unhesitatingly say that I think the Underwood Tariff had much to do with the Republican victory in Connecticut. The issue is a very vital <one in New England, and business conditions

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WASHINGTON, D. C., December 7, 1914.-Answering your favor of December 3, I advise you that, in my judgment, the operation of the Underwood low Tariff law had most to do with the partial restoration of the Republican party at the last election. Having had a practical illustration of the damage done by this nonProtective law, the people resented it at the polls. Very truly yours,

J. HAMPTON MOORE. (Congressman-elect, Third District of Pennsylvania, to succeed himself. Mr. Moore is a member of the Ways and Means Committee.)

Thomas W. Miller, Representative-at-Large,

Delaware.

STATE OF DELAWARE, OFFICE OF SECRETARY OF STATE, DOVER, DEL., December 7, 1914.-Your letter of December 3 requesting a few words as to the effect of the Underwood Tariff bill upon the election in the State of Delaware has been received.

This State is about equally divided between an agricultural and a manufacturing community and comprises one at-large congressional district within itself.

The full force of the business depression did not reach the two lower counties of the State, which are largely agricultural in tendency. In spite of that fact one of the counties, namely, Sussex, was carried by the Republican candi. date, whereas two years ago it was lost by almost 600, and in the other county, namely, Kent, there was no material change from two years ago.

In New Castle County, and particularly the city of Wilmington, which comprises about half the population of the State, the depression resulting from the Underwood Tariff bill was felt sufficiently in advance of the "European war excuse" to have effect on election day. It was shown in July, 1914, that there were 4,000 more men out of employment in the city of Wilming. ton, after nine months of the Underwood bill, as compared to July, 1913, before the bill went into effect. On election day the city of Wilmington gave a plurality which was double the highest plurality heretofore given a Republican candidate at any election. In addition, legislative districts went Republican for all offices which had never before given a Republican plurality for any candidate.

In answer to your question as to the part the Tariff will play in the 1916 elections, I am of the opinion that it depends largely upon the termination of the war in Europe. If the war continues for the next year there will, of course, be provided a market for American goods which otherwise would not exist, for very obvious reasons. In that event the lesson which was gradually being impressed on the American people before

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Representative Towner, Eighth lowa District. COMMITTEE ON INSULAR AFFAIRS, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, WASHINGTON, D. C., December 7, 1914.-Your letter regarding the effect of the Underwood Tariff law upon the recent elections in my district is at hand. In reply will say that, in my judgment, the farmers of Iowa are entirely satisfied now that the Underwood Tariff is an injury to them and of no possible benefit to them or to anybody, unless it be the importers. Our farmers have been told by Democratic orators and newspapers that the Tariff did nothing whatever to raise the prices of farm products, but that the Protective Tariff largely enhanced the prices of the articles which the farmers were compelled to buy. They were assured that if the Democratic policies were enacted into law the farmers would receive just as high prices for their products, and that they would be enabled to purchase their farm implements, their clothing, their groceries and other necessities for a very much lower price than they were compelled to pay under a Protective Tariff. This statement as tested by the operations of the Underwood law has proven false in both particulars. The farmers are satisfied that they have been seriously injured by the importation of products from Argentina, Canada and Australia and other foreign countries, and that while for other reasons prices have been well kept up, they would have received better prices but for such importations. On the other hand, there has been no reduction but rather an increase in the prices of those commodities which they are compelled to buy, such as farm implements, clothing, groceries and other necessaries of life.

There was a very strong effort made in the campaign by the Democrats to explain these conditions and attribute them to the European war. but our farmers are too intelligent generally to be deluded by an argument of that sort. The fact that conditions which were described existed prior to the breaking out of the war was sufficient to convince our farmers that the European war was not responsible for them.

In Iowa we elected a Republican Senator, a Republican Governor and all the State officers and ten of the eleven Congressmen. There was a large increase in the Republican vote and a corresponding decrease in the Democratic vote and the almost entire disappearance of the Progressive vote. In this election I am quite sure that the Tariff question was the primary motive that induced voters to again return to the Republican party and support its policies and candidates. I believe the Tariff will be the main

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issue in the 1916 campaign and that upon that issue the Republicans will win. Very truly yours, H. M. TowNER. (Congressman-elect, Eighth District of Iowa, to succeed himself.)

Representative Samuel E. Winslow, Fourth

Massachusetts.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, U. S. WASHINGTON, D. C., December 7, 1914.-I have read your letter of December 3 requesting my opinion of the effect of the Underwood Tariff on the recent elections in my district and in Massachusetts generally.

In the recent elections the Tariff was not an abstract, vague issue in Worcester County and Massachusetts generally.

Specific industries known to everyone had been blighted by paragraphs in the Underwood act. Many men ordinarily employed in these particular industries were out of work, very many were The decreased buying power of on part time. these men had directly affected almost all other men in the district. The voters applied the lesson of cause and effect. Very truly yours, SAMUEL E. WINSLOW. (Congressman-elect, Fourth District of Massachusetts, to succeed himself.)

Representative Joseph Walsh, Sixteenth Massachusetts.

NEW BEDFORD, Mass., December 7, 1914.-During the past congressional campaign I had occasion to bring to the attention of the voters the effect of the Underwood Tariff bill of 1913.

The Sixteenth Massachusetts District is quite an extensive one and includes within its limits There seemed to be many diverse industries. no question in the minds of the voters but what business conditions were seriously affected by the unscientific reduction of the Tariff which was enacted into law by the Democratic Congress. In my opinion, the Tariff issue seemed to be the paramount one in the district, and the result at the polls, particularly in the one city in the district, was an emphatic repudiation of the Democratic policy.

I received copies of the AMERICAN ECONOMIST during the campaign and derived much benefit from a perusal of its columns.

I thank you for your kind invitation to visit your headquarters and shall endeavor to avail myself of it. Sincerely yours,

JOSEPH WALSH. (Congressman-elect, Sixteenth District of Massachutts, to succeed a Democrat.)

Representative J. M. C. Smith, Third Michigan.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, U. S., WASHINGTON, D. C., December 7, 1914.-Acknowledging receipt of your letter of the 3d inst., I beg to say that I do not believe the policy of Free Trade will ever be the settled policy of our country. Free-trade and depression always go hand in hand. The Underwood Tariff law has broken down, which necessitated the passing of a Deficiency bill, which would not have been necessary had we maintained a sufficient duty on imports to raise revenue for the current expenses of our Government. Democrats and Republicans alike criticise, condemn and freely express their opposition to the Emergency Revenue measure passed to prop up the Underwood competitive Free-Trade Tariff act.

Yours truly, J. M. C. SMITH, (Congress-elect, Third District of Michigan, to succeed himself.)

Representative Clarence B. Miller, Eighth Minnesota.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, U. S., WASHINGTON, D. C., December 7, 1914.-Replying to your letter of December 3, requesting a statement as to the effect of the Underwood Tariff of 1913 upon recent elections in my district and State:

The increased Republican majority in my district and generally in the State resulted from dissatisfaction with present economic and business conditions. The Democratic party was in general blamed for these conditions. Those who thought out the exact cause blamed it on the Underwood Tariff. Unfortunately there was no discussion before the people of the Tariff and its effect. Had there been such discussion, the Republican majority would have been greatly increased. In 1916 I think the Tariff will play

The a much stronger part than it did in 1914. war ought to be over by that time and economic conditions viewed in their true relations. The last election, in my judgment, demonstrates that the American people do not want the kind of Tariff Democrats enacted, and in 1916 they will see to it that danger of the continuance of such an act is removed. Very truly yours,

CLARENCE B. MILLER. (Congressman-elect, Eighth District of Minnesota, to succeed himself.)

Representative William M. Calder Sixth New York.

HOUSE OF RepresentativES, U. S., WASHINGTON, D. C., December 7, 1914.-Replying to your inquiry of December 3 as to the effect of the Underwood Tariff act, beg to inform you that in my judgment the effect of this law on business did more to return Republicans to Congress from New York State than any other one thing. It was my privilege to campaign through the smaller cities and towns of rural New York, prior to the recent election, and I know that the people of the State are thoroughly aroused over the injustice and impracticability of this measure. It is my opinion that the Tariff will play an important part in the campaign of 1916. Very truly yours,

WILLIAM M. CALDER.

Representative-Elect Henry W. Watson,
Eighth Pennsylvania.

LANGHORNE, P., December 7, 1914.-The Democratic party theoretically proved, in the 63d Congress, to the satisfaction of itself, that a reduced Tariff would bring great prosperity to the United States. After a practical test, it has been clearly demonstrated that home industries cannot profitably manufacture goods in competition with foreign labor under the rates of duty prescribed by the Underwood Tariff bill, which act has been so disastrous to American enterprises.

Mills, iron plants and furnaces have been totally or partially closed, and the wage-earner's compensation has been greatly diminished. The financier, the industrial leader and the laborer therefore at the last election fought side by side against their common enemy, Free-Trade. Their amity of feeling and their unity of purpose won the battle for the Republican party. The growth of our nation will be retarded and prosperity halted so long as Congress imposes and maintains the moderate importation duty that has been levied under the existing law.

Tariff for Protection and for revenue will be th strongest plank in the platform of the Republican party in 1916, and this issue will elect an unprecented a Republican President with majority. The Tariff will again be revised, but under a more permanent system than in the past, and the national prosperity which will follow will be greater and more pronounced than at any period within the history of the American people. Very truly yours,

HENRY W. WATSON. (Congressman-elect, Eighth District of Pennsylvania, to succeed a Free-Trader.)

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Representative-Elect R. F. Hopwood, Twentythird Pennsylvania. UNIONTOWN, PA., December 5, 1914.-My campaign for Congress was conducted almost entirely the on theory that the Underwood Tariff had utterly failed to do that which claimed proponents for it, and that real Protective Tariff was absolutely sential to the prosperity of Our try. The campaign of 1916 will, in my judg ment, be fought out on this issue, and any effort of our opponents to dodge it or to raise some '16 to 1" or "Crime of '73" cry to mislead the electors. must be ignored and they The on the real issue. compelled to meet us enemy applied to me during the late campaign the title "Tariff Bob." If they like the title, I am content. Sincerely yours,

R. F. HorWOOD. (Congressman-elect, Twenty-third District of Pennsylvania, to succeed a Free-Trader.)

If you are out of work and borrow $50 from a kind friend, a two-cent War Tax stamp on the note will cost you just the price of half a loaf of bread.

THE CONVERSION OF NORMAN E. MACK

Will the Free-Trade Party Have the Wisdom to Adopt His Counsel of Protectionism?

Seattle Post-Intelligencer.

Norman E. Mack, editor of the Buffalo Times and one of the leaders of the Democratic party in the State and nation, in a. lengthy editorial in his newspaper, under date of November 16, comes out strongly in favor of Tariff revision by the present Democratic majority in Congress along. Protection lines. He carefully refrains. from criticising the present Tariff or from pointing out the injuries which it has wrought and its failure to produce the results anticipated. Nor does he admit that the policy of his party in the past. on the Tariff question has been mistaken.

On the contrary, he endeavors, with fair degree of plausibility, to reconcile the proposal to adopt and to apply the Protective principle to Tariff revision to be undertaken now with the Democratic national platform, referring particularly to the provision:

"We recognize that our sys

tem of Tariff taxation is intimately connected with the business of the country, and we favor the ultimate attainment of the principles we advocate by legislation that will not injure or destroy legitimateindustry."

Turning to conditions created by the war and the showing of our present dependence upon foreign nations for much that might be produced at home, the editorial points out that many new industries might be established here if relieved of the probability of bitter competition from It abroad as soon as the war is over. insists, as all advocates of Protective Tariff have always insisted, that the manufacturer is entitled to all of the reason-able safeguards he can have in the way of readjustment of such Tariff schedulesas it shall be shown necessary to revise in order to meet the requirements of the new situation."

If the Democratic Congress would have the wisdom to adopt and to follow up this suggestion, the Democrats would deprive the Republicans of their best and most effective ammunition for use in the campaign of 1916, a result to which the coun-try could readily reconcile itself through the fact that, by the adoption of this policy, Congress would furnish the country, as Mr. Mack says, "the key to the maximum of production, which means prosperity to all the people."

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