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STUDENT'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND

VOL. III.

WORKS

BY

SAMUEL RAWSON GARDINER.

HISTORY OF ENGLAND, from the Accession of James I. to the Outbreak of the Civil War, 1603-1642. 10 vols. crown 8vo. 6s. each.

A HISTORY OF THE GREAT CIVIL WAR, 1642-1649. (3 vols.) Vol. I. 1642-1644. With 24 Maps. 8vo. 21s. Vol. II. 1644-1647. With 21 Maps. 8vo. 24s. Vol. III. 1647-1649. 8vo. 28s.

A STUDENT'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. From the
Earliest Times to 1885.

Vol. I. (B.C. 55-A.D. 1509.) With 173 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 45.
Vol. II. (1509-1689). With 96 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 45.
Vol III. (1689-1885). With 109 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 4s.
Complete in One Volume, with 378 Illustrations, crown 8vo. 128.

Edited

A SCHOOL ATLAS OF ENGLISH HISTORY. by SAMUEL RAWSON GARDINER, M.A. LL.D. With 66 Coloured Maps and 22 Plans of Battles and Sieges. Fcp. 4to. 5s.

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This Atlas is intended to serve as a companion to Mr. S. R. Gardiner's Student's History of England.' In addition to the historical maps of the British Isles, in whole or in part, are others of Continental countries or districts which were the scenes of events connected more or less closely with English History. Indian and Colonial development also obtain due recognition.

THE FIRST TWO STUARTS AND THE PURITAN REVOLUTION, 1603-1660. 4 Maps. Fcp. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR, 1618-1648. With a Map. Fcp. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

OUTLINE OF ENGLISH HISTORY, B.C. 55-A.D. 1886. With 67 Woodcuts and 17 Maps. Fcp. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, 1789-1795.
S. R. GARDINER. With 7 Maps. Fcp. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

London: LONGMANS, GREEN, & CO.

By Mrs.

A

STUDENT'S

HISTORY OF ENGLAND

FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO 1885

BY

SAMUEL RAWSON GARDINER

FELLOW OF ALL SOULS COLLEGE, OXFORD

ETC.

VOL. III.

A.D. 1689-1885

LONDON

LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.

AND NEW YORK: 15 EAST 16th STREET

1891

All rights reserved

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PREFACE

IN bringing this book to a close I have treated the last eleven years, 1874 to 1885, in a manner which precludes all expression of my own views, either on the characters of the actors or on the value of the work performed by them; and something of the same reticence will be observed in the pages dealing with the years immediately preceding 1874. We have not the material before us for the formation of a final judgment on many points arising in the course of the narrative, and it is therefore better. to abstain from the expression of decided opinion, except on matters so completely before the public as to leave no room for hesitation. Especially is this rule to be observed in a book addressed to those who are not yet at an age when independent investigation is possible.

I hope it will be understood that in my mention of various authors I have had no intention of writing a history of literature, however brief. My object has been throughout to exhibit that side of literature which connects itself with the general political or intellectual movement of the country, and to leave unnoticed the purely literary qualities of the writers mentioned. This will explain, for instance, the total omission of the name of Roger Bacon, and the brief and, if regarded from a different point of view, the very unsatisfactory treatment of writers like Dickens and Thackeray.

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