DAR

Darien expedition, the, 671
Darwin, his Origin of Species, 940
De Grasse, Admiral, blockades York-
town, 794; defeated by Rodney,

795.

Declaration of Independence, the Ame-
rican, 784

Delhi, siege of, 953; recovery of, 954
Denain, battle of, 696

Derby, arrival of the Highlanders at,

Dickens, his Pickwick Papers, 940
Disraeli, attacks Peel, 929, 930; the real
leader of the Protectionists in the
House of Commons, 931; becomes
Chancellor of the Exchequer and gives
his approbation to Free-trade, 938;
resignation of, 939; is again Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer, and brings in
a Bill for Parliamentary reform, 956;
passes the second Reform Bill, 961;
becomes Prime Minister, 962; resigna-
tion of, ib.; becomes Prime Minister
a second time, 966; made Earl of
Beaconsfield, 969; see Beaconsfield,
Earl of

Dissenters, the, Toleration Act passed
in favour of, 651; attacked in the
Sacheverell riots, 691; passing of the
Occasional Conformity Act against,
695; the Schism Act passed against,
699; partial repeal of acts directed
against, 710; repeal of the Test and
Corporation Acts affecting, 895
Drummond, Thomas, his

career as

Under-Secretary in Ireland, 916
Duncan, Admiral, blockades the Dutch
in the Texel, 836; defeats the Dutch
at Camperdown, 837

Dundee, Viscount, John Graham of
Claverhouse, gathers the Highland
clans for James II.,. 652; killed at
Killiecrankie, 653

Dunkirk, France engages to destroy

the fortifications of, 696; France re-
gains the right of fortifying, 798
Dunning carries a motion against the
influence of the Crown, 789
Dupleix, hostile to Le Bourdonnais,
760; his career in India, 761; returns
to France, 762

Durham, Earl of, his mission to Can-
ada, 916

Dutch Republic, the, Marlborough's
relations with, 678; effect of the war
of the Spanish Succession on, 697;

FIE

977

resists the right of search, 792; makes
peace with Great Britain, 798; re-
ceives the name of the Batavian Re-
public, 835; its fleet defeated at
Camperdown, 837

EAST INDIA COMPANY, the, charter
granted to, 758; early acquisitions of,
ib.; receives the zemindary of the
district round Calcutta, 764; receives
the dewanni of Bengal, Behar, and
Orissa, 801; North's Regulating Act
organising the powers of, 802; bill
directed by Fox and Burke against,
806; Pitt's restrictions on, 808; com-
plete overthrow of the authority of,
954

Ecclesiastical Titles Bill, the, 937
Economical Reform, bill for, 789; pass-
ing of a bill for, 795

Edinburgh, the Duke of Gordon holds
out in the castle of, 652; the Young
Pretender welcomed at, 740

Education, public action of the Mel-
bourne ministry in providing for, 920;
Forster introduces a new system of,
963

Egypt, Bonaparte's expedition to, 837;
the French compelled to evacuate,
844; Mehemet Ali's rule of, 884; sub-
jected to the dual control of France
and England, 970; England assumes
a protectorate over, 971
Eldon, Lord, holds that meetings in
support of Radical reform are treason-
able, 880
Election petition, the Chippenham,

FIN

Finchley, the march to, 740
First of June, battle of the, 828
Fitzgerald, Flogging, 840
Fitzwilliam, Earl, enters Pitt's cabinet,
828; his mission to Ireland, 832
Fleurus, Luxembourg's victory at, 657
Fleury, Cardinal, ministry of, 718
Florida, ceded by Spain to England,
766; restored to Spain, 798
Fontenoy, battle of, 739

Forster, introduces a new system of
education, 964; introduces a bill for
the use of the ballot, 966; Irish policy
of, 971; resignation of, zb.
Fort Duquesne, built by the French,
748; taken by the British, 753
Fort St. George built, 758

Fort William built by East India Com-
pany, 758

Fox, Charles James, supports Parlia-
mentary reform, 789; character of,
790; refuses to serve under Melbourne,
798; coalesces with North, 800; sup-
ports Pitt's motion on Parliamentary
reform, 801; brings forward an India
Bill, 806; his martyrs,' 808; his con-
duct in the debates on the Regency
Bill, 811; sympathises with the revo-
lutionists in France, 822; continues
in opposition, 828; excluded from
Pitt's second ministry, 848; Secretary
of State in the ministry of All the
Talents, 855; death of, ib.
Fox, Henry, becomes leader of the
House of Commons, 747; resigns
office, 749; accepts a lucrative ap-
pointment, 751

France, war of William III. with, 657;
peace made at Ryswick with, 667;
grand alliance formed against, 675; war
conducted by Marlborough against,
678; decline in the military power of,
682; peace made at Utrecht with, 696;
pacific policy of the Whigs towards,
707; recovery of military strength
by, 725; takes part in the war of the
Austrian succession, 733; peace of
Aix la-Chapelle with, 743; her posses-
sions in North America, 747; embarks
on the Seven Years' War, 749; peace
with, 766; secretly assists the Ameri-
cans, 786; openly allies herself with
America, 787; her navy master of
the sea, 788; her fleet compels the
surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown,
794; makes peace with Great Britain,
798; commercial treaty with, 810;
antecedents of the revolution in,
820; calling of the States-General
in, 821; progress of the revolution
in, ib.; rise of a warlike feeling
in, 824 declares war against Austria
and Prussia, 824; establishment
of a republic in, 825; victorious
in the Austrian Netherlands, ib.; at
war with England and the Dutch
republic, 826; Reign of Terror in, ib. ;
end of the Reign of Terror in, ib. ;

GEO

makes peace with Prussia and Spain,
829; establishment of the Directory in,
830; Malmesbury sent to negotiate a
peace in, 834; establishment of the
Consulate in, 839; Treaty of Amiens
with, 846; renewed war with, 848;
establishment of the Empire in, 850;
restoration of Louis XVIII. in, 871;
restoration of Napoleon in, 874; second
restoration of Louis XVIII. in, 875;
establishment of Louis Philippe in,
898; supports Mehemet Ali, 922; the
entente cordiale with, 927; establish-
ment of the second Republic in, 934;
Louis Napoleon President of the Re-
public in, 955; commercial treaty with,
959; German invasion of, 964; third
Republic established in, ib.

Francis II., king of Hungary, afterwards
emperor, at war with France, 824
Francis, Philip, the probable author of
Junius, 775; his opposition to Hast-
ings, 803

Frederick II., king of Prussia, claims
Silesia, 733; defeats the Austrians at
Mollwitz, 734; obtains the cession of
Silesia, 735; enters on the second
Silesian war, 737; fights in Saxony
and Bohemia, 752; defeats the French
at Rossbach and the Austrians at
Leuthen, ib.; fights at Zorndorf and
Hochkirch, 753: continues the struggle,
756; complains that England has
abandoned him, and makes peace at
Hubertsburg, 767

Frederick, Prince of Wales, quarrels
with his father and puts himself at
the head of the opposition, 725

Free trade, Adam Smith promulgates
the doctrine of, 810; Pitt's measures
in support of, ib.; steps taken by
Huskisson and Robinson in the direc
tion of, 886

French Revolution, the; see France
Friedland, battle of, 858

Fuentes d'Onoro, battle of, 869

GAGE, General, sent as Governor of
Massachusetts, 782; recalled, 784
Galway, Earl of, occupies Madrid, 684;
retreats to Valencia, 685; defeated at

Almanza, 689; see Ruvigny, Marquis of
Gates, General, defeated at Camden, 788
General warrants declared illegal, 769,
770

George I. proclaimed king, 701; places
the Whigs in office, 702; effect of his
withdrawal from cabinet meetings,
704; becomes unpopular, 705; dis-
misses Townshend, 709; death of, 718
George II., accession of, 718; keeps
Walpole in power, 719; supports

Maria Theresa, 735; defeats the
French at Dettingen, 737; laments
the death of Henry Pelham, 746; in-
sists on the execution of Byng, 750;
death of, 764

GEO
George III., accession and aims of,
765; forces Pitt and Newcastle to
resign, 766 puts himself at the head
of the new Tory party, 767; his
method of governing, 768; his struggle
with Grenville 770; dismisses Rock
ingham, and places Chatham in office,
773; makes Lord North Prime Minis-
ter, 776; has public opinion on his side
against the Americans, 777; resolves
to put down resistance in Boston, 780;
refuses to admit Chatham to office
except as North's subordinate, 787;
declares against dividing the empire,
787; attributes the dissipations of his
eldest son to Fox, 800; obtains the re-
jection of Fox's India Bill, 806; his
relations with Pitt, 808; mental de-
rangement of, 811; thanksgiving for
the recovery of, 812; attacked by a
mob, 830; protests against Catholic
emancipation, 833; refuses his con-
sent to Pitt's proposals on behalf of
the Irish Catholics, 842; short mental
derangement of, 843; abandons the
title of King of France, 846; insists
on the exclusion of Fox from Pitt's
second ministry, 848; expels from
office the ministry of All the Talents,
857; his remark on the bombardment
of Copenhagen, 862; becomes per-
manently insane, 868; death of, 880
George IV., accession of, 880; separated
from his wife, 881; his interview with
Goderich, 893; death of, 898

George, Prince of Wales (son of George
III.), dissipated life of, 800; bill for
conferring the regency on, 811; his
misconduct towards his father, 812;
becomes Regent, 868; becomes King,
880; see George IV.

German confederation, the, 873
German empire, foundation of a new, 964
Germany, attempt of the Frankfurt
parliament to unite, 934; dissolution
of the Frankfurt parliament in, 936;
formation of a North German Confede-
ration in, 963; goes to war with France,
964

Ghent, peace of, 873

Gibraltar, surrenders to Sir G. Rcoke,

682; assigned to England by the
Treaty of Utrecht, 696; siege of, by
the French and Spaniards, 798
Ginkell, General, commands in Ireland,
656

'Give us our eleven days!' 744
Gladstone, as a minister under Peel,
926; becomes Chancellor of the
Exchequer in the Aberdeen ministry,
943; opposes a war with China, 955;
Chancellor of the Exchequer in
Palmerston's second ministry, 956;
supports the commercial treaty with
France, 958; becomes Prime Minister,
962; disestablishes the Protestant
Church of Ireland, ib.; passes an
Irish Land Act, 963; abolishes pur-

HAN

979

chase in the army, 964; foreign policy
of the ministry of, 965; resignation of,
966; Prime Minister for the second
time, 970; resignation of, 972
Glencoe, massacre of, 654
Gloucester, Duke of (son of Queen
Anne), death of, 671

Goderich, Viscount, becomes Prime
Minister, 892; resignation of, 893; see
Robinson, Frederick J, and Ripon,
Earl of

Godolphin, Lord, connected with Marl-
borough, 677; his financial ability,
678; turns to the Whigs, 684; sup-
ports the Union with Scotland, 685
Gordon, General, murder of, 972
Gordon riots, the, 792

Gough, General, defeats the Sikhs on the
Sutlej, 951; becomes Lord Gough, is
checked at Chillianwalla, and defeats
the Sikhs at Gujerat, ib.
Grafton, Duke of, First Lord of the
Treasury, 773; resignation of, 776
Graham, Sir James, resigns office, 912;
a member of Peel's cabinet, 926
Grand Alliance, the, signed by William
III., 675

Grattan leads the movement for the
legislative independence of Ireland,
795 resists the Union, 842

Gray, his Elegy quoted by Wolfe, 755
Great Mogul, the break-up of the empire
of, 758

Greece, national uprising in, 884; battle
of Navarino fought for the liberation
of, 893; acquires Thessaly, 970
Greenwich Hospital, foundation of, 663
Gregorian calendar, the, introduced into
England, 743

Grenville, George, character of, 768;
becomes Prime Minister, 769; issues
a general warrant, ib; offends George
III., 770; carries the Stamp Act, 771;
dismissal of, ib.; asserts that the
House of Commons has no right to
incapacitate Wilkes, 774; death of, 779
Grenville, Lord, replies to Bonaparte's
overture for peace, 840; refuses to
join Pitt's second ministry, 848; be-
comes Prime Minister, 855

Grey, advocates Parliamentary reform,
827; continues in opposition, 828; see
Grey, Earl

Grey, Earl, becomes Prime Minister,
901; resignation of, 912
Grote, his History of Greece, 941
Guerillas, the Spanish, 869
Guiana, British, conquest of, 859
Guicowar, the, a Mahratta chief, 802
Guizot becomes Prime Minister
France, 922

in

Habeas Corpus Act, the, suspension of,
877; end of the suspension of, 879
Hague, the, conference at, 690
Hanover, George I. anxious to secure,
709; Pitt attacks Carteret for his

HAR

devotion to the interests of, 738; New-
castle provides for the defence of,
748; Pitt asks for a grant for the
protection of, 750; overrun by the
French, 752; Pitt's measures for the
defence of, ib.; seized by Bonaparte,
848; offered alternately to England
and Prussia, 855

Hargreaves invents the spinning-jenny,
815

Harley, Sir Robert, comes into office as
a moderate Tory, 681; obtains the re-
jection of an Occasional Conformity
Bill, 682; turned out of office, 687; is
a member of a purely Tory ministry,
691; recommends the creation of
twelve peers, 695; becomes Lord
Treasurer and Earl of Oxford, 696;
see Oxford, Earl of

Hastings, Marquis of, Governor-General
of India, 948

Hastings, Warren, appointed Governor

of Bengal, 801; his authority dimin-
ished by the Regulating Act, 803;
the execution of Nuncomar happened
at an opportune time for, ib.; engages
in a struggle with the Mahrattas, 804;
demands a large contribution from
Cheyt Singh, ib.; enforces the pay-
ment of money by the Begums of
Oude, 805; character of his rule, ib. ;
resignation of, 808; impeachment of,
SII

Havelock relieves Lucknow, 953.

Hawke, Admiral, sent out against the
French, 748; defeats the French in
Quiberon Bay, 756

Hawley, General, defeated at Falkirk,

740

Hill, Rowland, post-office reform advo
cated by, 918

Hoche attempts to invade Ireland, 834
Hogarth, paintings of, 746
Hohenlinden, battle of, 840

Holkar, a Mahratta chief, 802; induced
to sign subsidiary treaty, 859
Holy Alliance, the so-called, 883
Horne Tooke, Hardy, and Thelwall,
acquittal of, 829

Horsley, Bishop, saying of, 830
Howe, Lord, defeats the French fleet
on the first of June, 828; persuades
the mutineers at Spithead to return
to their duty, 836

Howe, Sir William, commands the
British army in America, and occupies
New York, 784
Hubertsburg, peace of, 767
Hudson's Bay territory assigned to
England, 696
Hundred Days, the, 874

Hunt, 'Orator,' attempt to arrest, 879
Huskisson, supports the repeal of the
combination laws, 886; takes office
under Wellington, 893; death of, 909
Hyder Ali, makes himself master of
Mysore, and ravages the Carnatic, 804;
death of, 805

IRE

IBRAHIM PASHA, desolates Pelopon-
nesus, 884; gains victories over the
Turks, 921

Income-tax, imposed by Pitt, 840; re-
moved, 876; imposed by Peel, 926
India, break-up of the empire of the
Great Mogul and first settlements of
the East India Company in, 758;
condition of, after the death of Au-
rungzebe, 759; influence of the French
in the south of, 760; struggle between
Clive and Dupleix in, 761; the subjuga-
tion of Bengal in, 762; struggle with
Lally in, 764; Clive's return to sup-
press extortion in, 801; Hastings
assists the Nawab of Oude to subdue
the Rohillas in, 802; the Regulating
Act alters the government of, ib. ;
Pitt's Bill for the government of, 808;
defeat of Tippoo in, 837; overthrow of
Tippoo in, 838; Wellesley's policy of
subsidiary treaties in, 859; the Mar-
quis of Hastings in, 948; the north-
western frontier of, ib.; Afghanistan
invaded from, 949; conquest of Sindh
in, 950; the Sikh wars in, 951; Dal-
housie's annexations in, ib.; the Se-
poy army in, 952; mutiny of the Sepoy
army in, 953; end of the authority of
the East India Company in, 953; the
Queen's proclamation to the princes
and people of, 954.

India Bill, the, of Fox and Burke, 806;
of Pitt, 808

Inkerman, battle of, 946

Ireland, struggle between James II. and
William III. in, 654; penal laws in,
686; destruction of the commerce of,
ib.; restrictions on commerce in, ib.;
volunteers in, 796; legislative inde-
pendence conceded to, ib.; Pitt's
scheme for a commercial union with,
810; defective constitutional arrange-
ments in, 831; rise of the United
Irishmen in, 832; votes given to the
Catholics of, ib.; mission of Lord
Fitzwilliam to, ib.; revolutionary out-
break impending in, 833; Hoche at-
tempts to invade, 834; outrages in,
840; rebellion in, 841; parliamentary
union with, 842; struggle for Catholic
emancipation in, 895; policy of Lord
Grey's government towards, c09:
Thomas Drummond's management of,
916; failure of O'Connell's repeal
movement in, 928; Peel's legislation
for, ib.; famine in, 931; Peel's bill for
the protection of life in, ib.; public
works in, 932: emigration from, 933;
relation between landlord and tenant
in, ib.; Encumbered Estates Act in,
934; Smith O'Brien's attempted rising
in, 935; Fenian rising in, 962; dis-
establishment of the Protestant Church
of, ib.; Land Act of the first Gladstone
ministry in, 963; rejection of a bill on
university education in, 966; demand
of Home-Rule for, 970; Land Act of

IRI

the second Gladstone ministry in, ib.;
bill for the protection of life and pro-
perty in, ib.; murders by the Invin-
cibles in, ib.

Irish grants of William III. attacked by
the House of Commons, 670
Irish Parliament, the, summoned by
James II., 655; represents, under
William III., only the English colony,
657; passes a bill for the relief of
Catholics, 795; legislative independ-
ence granted to, 796; sources of the
weakness of, ib.

Italy, Charles Albert fails to drive the
Austrians out of, 934, 936; war for
the liberation of, 956; formation of
the kingdom of, 957; Venetia ceded
to, 963; Rome united to, 964

LA HOGUE, battle of, 658
Lafayette goes
America, 786
Laibach, congress of, 882
Lake, General, defeats the Irish insur-

as a volunteer to

gents at Vinegar Hill, 841; his victo-
ries in India, 859

Lawrence, Sir Henry, governs the Pun.
jab, 951; besieged in Lucknow, 953;
killed, ib.

Lawrence, Sir John, governs the Pun-
jab, 951; sends Sikh troops to Delhi,
953

Le Bourdonnais takes Madras, 760
Legge, dismissal of, 748

Leopold I.. Emperor, death of, 684

Leopold II., Emperor, his attitude to-
wards France. 824

LOY

981

Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, chosen King
of the Belgians, 912
Lexington, skirmish at, 783

Liberals, the introduction of the name
of, 909

Lichfield House Compact, the, 913
Lille, taken by Marlborough, 690;
negotiations with the French Direc-
tory at, 837

Limerick, siege and capitulation of, 656
Lincoln, Abraham, chosen President of
the United States, 958
Literature in the reign of

Anne,

692
Liverpool, Earl of, becomes Prime
Minister, 868; end of the ministry of,
886

Locke, John, his Letters on Toleration,
652

Locomotive engines, introduction of,
906

London, support given to Wilkes in,
776; upholds the Lord Mayor and
Aldermen in their contest with the
Commons, 779

Londonderry, siege of, 654.

Lords, the House of, creation of twelve
peers to reverse the majority in, 695;
Peerage Bill introduced to give inde-
pendence to, 710

Lorraine ceded to Stanislaus Leczinski,

752

Louis of Baden commands German
forces, 682

Louis XIV., King of France, accepts
the peace of Ryswick, and acknow-
ledges William III., 667; refuses to
make war against his grandson, 690;
death of, 705.

Louis XV., King of France, sickly in
his childhood, 707

Louis XVI., King of France, improves
the French navy, 788; summons the
States-General, 821; distrusted by the
National Assembly, 822; dethrone-
ment and execution of, 825

Louis XVIII., King of France, first
restoration of, 871; second restoration
of, 875; attempts to mediate in favour
of the Neapolitans, 882

Louis Napoleon, President of the French
Republic, 936; named President for
ten years, 938; see Napoleon III.,
Emperor

Louis Philippe, King of the French,
Charles X. overthrown in favour of,
898; promotes Belgian independence
912; dismisses Thiers, 922; visits
Queen Victoria, 927; dethronement
of, 934

Louisbourg, Loudon fails to take, 752;
taken, 753

Louisiana, possessed by France, 747;
ceded by France to Spain, 766

Loyalists, the American, conjectural
number of, 782