distance of fourteen miles, at great expense of time and labour. He also casts, in a superior style, stoves and ovens, and many other articles of domestic requirement. The Wesleyan Methodists have a large chapel which terminates and gives the name to Chapel-street. There are other smaller chapels in different parts of the parish for the accommodation of their numerous members, under the superintendence of two regular preachers appointed by conference. Not far from the church may be seen the remains of one of those amphitheatres, of which many are to be found in Cornwall; but this, whose benches were of stone, was considered by Borlase to be the most remarkable one of the kind that he had seen. Its name, in the Cornish language, is Plân an Guare, the plain of sport. In his Antiquities is a plan as he saw it about A.D. 1762. He describes it as " an "exact circle of 126 feet diameter; the perpendicular

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height of the bank, from the area within, now 7 feet; "but the height from the bottom of the ditch without, “10 feet at present, formerly more. The seats consist of "six steps, 14 inches wide, and 1 foot high, with one

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on the top of all where the rampart is about 7 feet "wide. The plays they acted in these amphitheatres

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were in the Cornish language; the subjects taken "from Scripture History, and called Guirimir, which "Mr. Lluyd supposes, a corruption of Guari-mirkl, "and in the Cornish dialect to signify a miraculous

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play or interlude. They were composed for begetting "in the people a right notion of the Scriptures, and "were acted in the memory of some not long since "deceased." It has been much neglected and disfigured

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of late years; Borlase's plan and description of it nearly a century back is therefore of great value.

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It is probable that the two Cornish parishes, called St. Just, derive their names from Justus, who was sent to England by Pope Gregory, A.D. 596, with St. Augustine, and many other monks, to convert the Saxons. He was consecrated Bishop by Augustine A.D. 604, and appointed to the see of Rochester by King Ethelbert. In 616 he was made Archbishop of Canterbury, and died 627. The Chronicon Saxonicon says, " An. DCXXVII. Per Justus ErceÞiscop forðrende, iv. id. Nov.," literally translated, here Justus the Archbishop forth stepped on the fourth of the Ides of November, i. e. Archbishop Justus died on the tenth Nov.; for the fourth Ide of Nov. would be the tenth according to our present computation; but, had the Chronicon said the iv. Non. Nov., it would have been almost co-temporaneous with the feast of All Saints, on which day, or the nearest Sunday to it, our parish feast is now celebrated.

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It has been observed, by more than one, that the Saints to whom churches were dedicated may be sometimes discovered by considering the nearest Saint's day to the Sunday on which the parish feast or wake is observed, for formerly the dedication was observed on the very Saint's day; but this being found inconvenient, first some, then all, were altered to the Sunday next to the Saint's day. Henry the Eighth's injunctions (An. 1536), ordered the dedication to be observed on the first Sunday of the month of October for ever. This order was never strictly executed; but as Kurn observes,

"where parish feasts happen on or near that Sunday "the order of Henry viii. may be supposed to have "taken place, but where the feast is at a great distance "from the enjoined time, there it may be supposed to "have continued as it was anciently." Sir Henry Spelman, in his "Glossary," thinks it "

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easy to conjecture to what Saint the church is commended by the "fair day, for fairs arose from the usual concourse at "the feast of dedication." And here it may be observed that, by the council of Carthage, a church was not to be dedicated by any but a bishop. And the practice was founded upon what Moses did to the tabernacle (Exod. xxix., 44.). Solomon, to the temple (1 Kings, viii.). And Nebuchadnezzar to his image (Dan. iii.).

But there is reason to believe that a church existed here before the time of Justus, and that its ancient name was Lafrouda, for the church-town tenement is still so called. It is written in ancient deeds Lafroudha and Lafroodha, derived from Laf or Lan, the Cornish for a church, and Rhooda, a corruption of the Saxon word Rood, signifying a cross or image of the crucifixion. Dha in Cornish, as in Welch, is good, so Lafrouda may signify the church of the good cross. That a very ancient church existed here, prior to any part of the existing fabric (though of how early a date it is impossible to say), is proved by an old tomb-stone lately discovered. In the year 1834, the chancel being much dilapidated through age, was taken down to be re-built, which chancel was dedicated, as appears by the bishops' registers in the archives of Exeter cathedral, by Bishop Grandison on the thirteenth July, 1336, on the same

day with Madern; St. Paul having been dedicated on the eleventh, and Ludgvan on the fourteenth of the same month. Now when this chancel, which Bishop Grandison dedicated in 1336, was taken down in 1834, there was found a monumental stone (see vignette) which is now preserved in the present chancel. It has a crucifix cut on the upper side, and the inscription SILVS HIC IACET in Roman capitals on the face, and much resembles an ancient Roman tomb-stone. Who this Silus was, no one has yet discovered. But as his name nowhere occurs, that I am aware of, in any of the calendars or records of the Church of Rome, it is a reasonable conjecture that he was one of those early British bishops who preached the Gospel in this country before the mission of Augustine. Or he might have been one of those bishops mentioned by Speed, who says "The Saxons made such desolation in the outward face "of the church, that they drove the christian bishops "into the deserts of Cornwall and Wales, in which "number were Theonus and Thedioceus Bishops of

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Canterbury and York, with all the clergy, by whose "labours the Gospel was plentifully propagated in those "vast mountains, and those parts especially above all "others were made very glorious by the multitude of "their holy saints and learned teachers. The christians being expelled, London sacrificed to Diana; and its "suburbs Thornia (now Westminster) to Apollo." Or he (Silus) might have been one of the missionaries who accompanied St. Patrick from Ireland in the early part of the fifth century* for the purpose of preaching the

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* St. Patrick's supposed Charter was dated A.D. 425.