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RIGHTEOUS GOVERNMENT.

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people. Although this country, being one nation, is CH. L by means of its mighty rivers, well enabled to carry its inland productions to the ocean, and thence to foreign markets; yet, if it were divided, like southern Europe, into different nations, this would not be the case.

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evil of

division.

8. For this country is not, like southern Europe, indented with deep bays, gulfs, seas, and channels; whereby many small nations, can each be accommodated with a portion of the sea-board. If our long rivers were owned in part by one government, and in cessary part by another, the commerce of the inland nations, would be perpetually hampered, by those who owned the sea-board, and the mouths of the rivers. For they would be likely to insist on being paid for the use of their ports; and this would naturally breed quarrels and blood-shed. This is one reason among many, to show that the American people should continue to be ONE NATION; and, in the words of Washington, "frown indignantly on the first attempt to sever the union."

The Am.

ment

made for all.

9. The government of this vast nation, which contains more than twenty-three millions of inhabitants, governis a FEDERATIVE REPUBLIC. It is federative, because in it there are several separate, independent states, confederated under one head, or general government. It is a republic, because the rulers are chosen by the people. The manner in which they are to be chosen, be under and in which they are bound to administer the government, is set forth in the CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. This therefore, should be early learned, and 3 thoroughly understood by every American.

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It is equitable und

10. The government of the United States is knowledged by the wise and good of other nations, to should be be the most free, impartial, and righteous government

7. Why is it in regard to commerce better for one than for several? What part of the world admits of several small nations, and why?-8. Mention one among many evils, which would result from dividing this nation into several smaller ones? What is the language of Washington on this subject?-9. How many inhabi tants has the United States? What is its form of government? Why federative? Why a republic? Where can we learn the orm of government? - 10. What is the character of this govern.

ment ?

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CH. 11. of the world; but all agree, that for such a govern ment to be sustained many years, the principles of truth and righteousness, taught in the Holy Scriptures must be practised. The rulers must govern in the fear of God, and the people obey the laws.

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CHAPTER II.

The Aborigines.

1. BEFORE the territory of which our history treats, was inhabited by the ancestors of its present inhabiThe red tants, it was occupied by another and a different race. The red men were here, when the European settlers came; and either as friends or as enemies, for a time they dwelt contiguous to each other, and their history is blended.

men.

The first

2. The aborigines, or natives of the country, were by the Europeans, called Indians. As found by the Occu- earliest settlers, they may be considered under three pants. general divisions. First, the DELAWARES or ALGONQUINS; second, the IROQUOIS, and third, the MOBILIANS.

3. The Delawares, or Algonquins, were formerly called the Lenni Lenape, and the Iroquois the Mengwe Three They have a tradition that, in ancient times, each came, grand isions though in somewhat different directions, from far distant western regions. Happening to meet as they apTradi- proached the Mississippi, they united, and made war tions of upon the Allegewi, a more civilized people, who inhaware and bited the great valley of the Mississippi, and dwelt in Iroquois cities. The Allegewi were defeated and fled down the river. Perhaps the Mobilian tribes were their de

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10. What is necessary to its being permanently custained? CHAPTER II.-2. What term is used to distinguish the race found in this country by our ancestors? What three general divisions of them 1-3. Give an account of the tradition of the two former, res, ecting the direction from which they anciently came. Where did they unite? What more civilized nation did they find? What happened to this nation?

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scendants. Perhaps portions of them went still fur- câ. ■. ther south, and were the builders of those cities,

the ruins of which, have lately been found in Central America

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wires.

4. The Lenape and Mengwe, says the tradition, soon divided. The former crossed the Alleghany mountains, Del. Riv explored, and took possession of the sea coast, fixing er the heir chief place of council, or seat of government, on seat of the Delaware river. This river received from a Euro- the Dela pean nobleman the name, which it communicated to the Indian confederacy. As this confederacy increased in numbers, various tribes went off from the parent stock. But they still looked up to the Delawares, and gave them, long after, the reverential title of "grandfather."

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y tribes.

5. Of these branches of the Delaware or Algonquin Powhat race, the first who figure in the early history of our nation, were the POWHATANS, a confederacy of thirty tribes; so called from their great sachem, Powhatan. His principal residence was on James river, near the site of Richmond. His authority extended throughout the lowlands, and to the falls of the rivers.

6. Farther west, and extending to the mountains, Manaho were two confederacies, with whom the Powhatans acks eight were at war: the Manahoacks, consisting of eight tribes. trides on the north, and the Monacans of five, stretching southerly into Carolina. Afterwards the latter Monachanged their name, to that of Tuscaroras, removed 'Tibes. northerly, and joined the Iroquois. The Yamasees were in South Carolina.

7. The Algonquins of New England next find place

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3. What conjectures may be formed respecting their descend-4. According to the tradition what course did the Lenape take? Where fix their place of council? When they became numerous what became of the various tribes of their descendants? What were their sentiments and language towards the Dela wares? Trace out the course of the Delawares on Map I.-5. Which of them are first brought into notice? What the number of tribes? Their principal seat? How far did their limits exend? 6. Give an account of the Manahoacs? Of the Monaeans? Tell from Map I, which is the most northerly, the Manahoacs or Monocans. Where were the Catawbas? The Ya. manees?

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NEW ENGLAND INDIANS.

J. II. in our history. The first known, were the Pokanokets or Wanpanoags, which produced the two most remarkable savage chiefs of New England, the good Massasoit, The first and his valiant son, King Philip. Their residence was tribe at Montaup or Mount Hope, near Bristol, in Rhode known to Island.

N. E.

English.

8. The government of the sachem extended over the southern part of Massachusetts, and the eastern of Rhode Island. A number of tribes of different names were his subjects; among others the Nausets of Cape Cod. In 1614, Capt. Hunt, an English ship-master, 1614. who accompanied Capt. Smith in exploring the coast, Ill wickedly seized and carried off twenty-seven of these unoffending natives, and sold them in Europe as slaves. tives by One of them, named Tisquantum, found his way to glish. England, where he learned the English language, was kindly treated, and sent back to his country. He was afterwards of great service to the first English settlers, as interpreter.

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9. The PAWTUCKETS made their principal seat upon of the the Merrimack, near its mouth, and extended themmack. selves south, until they met the territories of the Massachusetts. The MASSACHUSETTS were scattered about the bay, which bears their name. Their territórics extended to the Pawtuckets on the north, and the Pokanokets on the south. The authority of their chief sachem was acknowledged by several minor tribes, of Mas- some of whom resided as far west as Deerfield. The sachusett principal person of this confederacy, as found by the English, was the squaw sachem, or "Massachusetts Queen." Her residence was beautifully located on a hill at Milton, eight miles south of Boston.

Bay.

10. The NARRAGANSETTS held their chief seat and the residence of their grand sachem on the island of

7. Learn from the Map what are the principal tribes of New England, and more particularly from the book, the location of the Pokanokets. What noted chiefs were there of this tribe?-8. What wicked act did an English captain do? To what Indiana? Did any one taken away return?-9. What can you say of the Pawtuckets? Of the Massachusetts? Their principal person Her residence?

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FATAL EPIDEMIC.

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CH. U

Canonicut, in the bay which still bears their name.— Westerly they extended to within four or five miles of the Paucatuck river, where their territories met those of the Pequods. On the east they joined the Pokanokets. Their grand chief, Canonicus, was, when the Indian English arrived, an aged man; and he had associated with him in his government, his nephew, Miantonomoh. B. The commodious and pleasant location of the Narragansetts, appears, in their case, to have abated the natural ferocity of the savage character.

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11. The more barbarous PEQUODS Occupied the eastern portion of Connecticut, their lands meeting those of the Narragansetts. The residence of their great sachem, Sassacus, was on the heights of Groton, near the river then called the Pequod, since, the Thames. Of east The Mohegans, under Uncas, whose seat was where necticut Norwich now stands, were subject to the haughty chief of the Pequods; but they bore his yoke with impatience, and when he made war upon the whites, Uncas took part against him. The Indians of northern New England had the general appellation of Taranteens or Abenakis.

the abo

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12. The New England tribes had, a short time previous to the settlement of the English, suffered a plague Plague of unexampled mortality. It was probably the yellow among fever; for we are told that its victims, both before and after death, "were of the color of a yellow garment." Not less than nine-tenths of the inhabitants seem, in some parts of the country, to have been destroyed. Thus Divine Providence prepared the way for another and more civilized race.

13. The IROQUOIS, Mengwe or Mingoes, were found by the earliest settlers in Canada, inhabiting the shores of the St. Lawrence. At first they appear to have been

10. Give an account of the location of the Narragansetts ?Their grand chief? His associate? The effects of their position on their character?-11. Describe the position of the Pequods. Their sachem's name and place of residence. That of the Mobegan sachem.-12. What remarkable visitation of Providence occurred among the natives a short time before the English came ? How great a proportion were destroyed?- 13. How were the Iroquois found by the discovercra of Canada?

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