300 JACKSON TAKES PENSACOLA. PT. IV. unpopular. The committee by whom the resolutions were to be transmitted, met the news of peace, on their Cп. VIII. way to Washington. P'D. II. 1814. Pensaco a hostile post. CHAPTER VIII. British invasion and defeat at New Orleans. 1. AFTER the treaty with the Creeks, Gen. Jackson la used as had fixed his head-quarters at Mobile. Here he learned that three British ships had entered the harbour of Pensacola, and landed about 300 men, under Col. Nicholls, together with a large quantity of guns and ammunition, to arm the Indians; and that he had published a proclamation, endeavoring to incite the people to rise against the government. La Fitte and the rians. 2. The Barratarians were a band of pirates, so Barrata called, from their island of Barrataria. Col. Nicholls attempted to gain La Fitte, the daring chief of the band. He gave Nicholls to think that he would aid him, until he had learned from him, that the British were to make a powerful attempt upon New Orleans. La Fitte then went to Claiborne, the governor of Louisiana, and laid open the whole scheme. The pirates were promised pardon, if they would now come forward, in defense of their country. These conditions they gladly accepted; and rendered efficient service. Nov. 7. 3. Gen. Jackson, seeing how the British were using Jackson a Spanish port, for hostile acts against the United takes States, went to Pensacola, and forcibly took possescola. sion of the place. The British destroyed the forts at Pensa the entrance of the harbor, and with their shipping, evacuated the bay. 4. There Gen. Jackson was informed, that Admiral CHAPTER VIII.-1. Where was Gen. Jackson after the peace with the Creeks? What did he learn had happened at Pensacola? 2. Give an account of the Barratarians?-3. Wha course did Jackson take with respect to Pensacola ? INVASION AT NEW ORLEANS. 301 Cochrane had buen reinforced at Bermuda, and that PT. IV. thirteen ships of the line, with transports, and an army PD.II of ten thousand men, were advancing. Believing New CH. VILL. Orleans to be their destination, he marched for that 1814. place, and reached it on the 1st of December. 5. The inhabitants were already preparing for invasion, particularly Gov. Claiborne, and Edward Livingston. On Gen. Jackson's arrival, all agreeing to put Gen. him at the head of affairs, he spared no pains, nor Jackson placed at forgot any possible resourse to enable the Louisianians the head. to meet the coming shock. He had a motley mass of persons under his direction; and a few days must decide the fate of New Orleans. To direct their energies, and to keep them from favoring the enemy, which he had reason to fear some were induced to do, he took the daring responsibility of proclaiming martial law. Whole 6. The enemy passed into Lake Borgne. They then Dec. 13 mastered a flotilla, which, commanded by Capt. Jones, guarded the passes into Lake Pontchartrain. Gen. Dec. 22 Kean, at the head of 3,000 British troops, landed at the head of Lake Borgne, and took post on the Mississippi, nine miles below New Orleans. The next Dec. 23. day, late in the afternoon, Gen. Jackson attacked him ; Am. 'ost but the British troops stood their ground. The Ame- 100, Br. ricans retired to a strong position, which was fortified 224, w. with great care and skill, and in a novel and effectual known. manner. Bags of cotton were used in making the breast work; the river was on one side of the army, and a thick wood on the other. un 7. Sir Edward Packenham, the commander-in-chief Dec. 15. of the British force, accompanied by Major Gen. Gibbs, arrived at the British encampment with the main army, and a large body of artillery. On the 28th, Sir Edward advanced with his army and artillery, and attacked 1 4. What did he hear, and what do? 5. What course did the inhabitants of New Orleans take? What bold measures did Gen. Jackson pursue? -6. Describe the course of the enemy? What occurred on the 23d of Dec.? What was the loss on both sides? What can you say of the position where Gen. Jackson entrenched his army? Of his manner of fortification?-7. What happened on the 28th? 302 THE EIGHTH OF JANUARY-PEACE. P'T. IV the American camp. P'D. IL. CH. IX. 1815. Jan. 1. Jan. 8.. New For seven hours he continued the assault, when he retired. 8. On the first day of the new year, both armies received reinforcements. That of the British now amounted to 14,000, while all that Jackson had under his command were 6,000, and a part of these undisciplined. 9. On the 8th of January, the British made their Battle of grand assault on the American camp, and were entirely Orleans. defeated. They attacked three times with great spirit, and were three times repulsed by the well-directed fire of the American marksmen. Sir Edward Packenham was killed, and the two generals next in command were wounded. The disparity of loss on this occaBr. loss sion is utterly astonishing. While that of the enemy. 2,600, was 2,600, that of the Americans was but seven killed,, Amos and six wounded. Completely disheartened, the Briloss, tish abandoned the expedition on the night of the 18th, leaving behind, their wounded and artillery. t. 7, w. Feb. 17. CHAPTER IX. Peace with England.-Naval combats.-War with Algiers. 1. On the 17th of February, while the Americans Peace were yet rejoicing for the victory at New Orleans, a elaimed. special messenger arrived from Europe, bringing a pro treaty of peace, which the commissioners had concluded in the month of December, at Ghent. This treaty, which was immediately ratified by the president and senate, stipulated that all places taken during the war should be restored, and the boundaries between the American and British dominions revised..... The motives for the impressment of seamen had ceased 8. What was the numerical force of each army?-9. De scribe the remarkable battle of the 8th of January? CHAPTER IX.-1. What news arrived on the 17th of February 1815? At what time was the treaty concluded? What were some of its stipulations? NATIONAL BANK. 303 with the wars in Europe; but America had failed to PT. IV compel England to relinquish what, by a perversion of P'D. II. language, she calls the "right of search." CH. IX. Dart moor 2. On the 6th of April, a barbarous massacre was 1815. committed by the garrison at Dartmoor prison, in England, upon the defenceless Americans, who were massacre there confined. The British government was not, however, implicated in the transaction. k. 63. War 3. The United States declared war against Algiers. The Algerines had violated the treaty of 1795, and with committed depredations upon the commerce of the Algier Republic. A squadron, under Com. Decatur, cap- Capturetured in the Mediterranean, an Algerine frigate; and June 17 also a brig, carrying twenty-two guns. He then sailed for Algiers. The Dey, intimidated, signed a treaty of peace, which was highly honourable and advantageous to the Americans. and 19. Army re duced. 4. At the close of the war, the regular army of the United States was reduced to 10,000 men. For the better protection of the country, in case of another war, congress appropriated a large sum for fortifying the sea-coast and inland frontiers, and for the increase of the navy....An act was passed by congress, to es- April. tablish a national bank, with a capital of thirty-five 1816. millions of dollars.... In n December, the Indiana terri- al bank. tory was admitted into the Union as a state. A nation 5. As early as the year 1790, manufactories for spinning cotton, and for manufacturing coarse cotton cloths, were attempted in the state of Rhode Island. Progress factories They were at first on a small scale; but as the cloths of manu found a ready market, their number and extent gra- for cotdually increased. The embarrassments, to which com- ton cloth merce was subjected previous to the war, had increased the demand for American goods; and led the people to reflect upon the importance of rendering themselves independent of the manufactures of foreign nations. 2. What massacre occurred?-3. What war was declared? What squadron was sent out? What was done by Decatur ?— 4. What was the number of the army? What was done to put the country in a state of defense? What act was passed in April, 1816? What state was admitted?~5. Give some account of the progress, before the war, of manufacturing cotton cloth ? 304 PT.IV P'D. II. 1816. COTTON FACTORIES-TARIFF. 6. During the war, large capitals were vested in manufacturing establishments, from which the capitalCH. IX. ists realized a handsome profit. But at its close, the English having made great improvements in laborsaving machines, and being able to sell their goods at a much lower rate than the American manufacturers could afford, the country was immediately filled by importations from England. The American manufac tures being in their infancy, could not stand the shock, and many failed. 7. The manufacturers then petitioned government for protection, to enable them to withstand the comManu- petition; and in consequence of this petition, the comfactures mittee on commerce and manufactures, in 1816, reraged by commended that an additional duty should be laid on encou a new tariff imported goods. A new tariff, or arrangement of duties, was accordingly formed, by which a small increase of duty was laid upon some fabrics, such as coarse cotton goods; but from the strength of the opposition, it was not sufficient to afford the desired pro tection. 8. A society for colonizing free blacks was formed. The society purchased land in Africa, where they yearly removed considerable numbers of the free blacks Coloni- from America. The colony thus formed is named zation Liberia. Hopes are entertained that it will become society first pro- the nucleus of a nation of civilized Africans; and that posed. much good will thus be done, in the way of checking the slave-trade, and enabling Africa to advance in 1817. civilization.... James Monroe was inaugurated presiMar. 4. dent, and Daniel D. Tompkins, vice-president. cede 9. A treaty was made with the chiefs of the WyanIndians dot, Delaware, Shawanese, Seneca, Ottoway, Chiplands in pewa, and Pottowattamie Indians. Each of these the U. s. tribes ceded to the United States, all lands to which they had any title within the limits of Ohio. The In Ohio to 1 6. How did the manufacturers succeed during the war? How after the war?-7. What did the manufacturers then desire the government to do? What was accordingly done? 8. What society was formed? What is the African colony called? What hopes are entertained concerning it? Who were made presiden and vice-president? 9. What treaty did the government make |