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FIRST PART OF
THE GREAT INSTAURATION
DIGNITY AND ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING
IN NINE BOOKS
CONTENTS
BOOK I
The Different Objections to Learning stated and confuted; its Dignity and
Merit maintained
BOOK II
CHAPTER I
General Divisions of Learning into History, Poetry, and Philosophy, in re-
lation to the Three Faculties of the Mind-Memory, Imagination, and
Reason. The same Distribution applies to Theology.
CHAPTER II
History divided into Natural and Civil; Civil subdivided into Ecclesiastical
and Literary. The Division of Natural History according to the sub-
ject matter, into the History of Generations, of Præter-Generations,
and the Arts.
CHAPTER III
37
85
94
Second Division of Natural History, in relation to its Use and End, into
Narrative and Inductive. The most important end of Natural History
is to aid in erecting a Body of Philosophy which appertains to Induc-
tion. Division of the History of Generations into the History of the
Heavens, the History of Meteors, the History of the Earth and Sea,
the History of Massive or Collective Bodies, and the History of Species 99
CHAPTER IV
Civil History divided into Ecclesiastical and Literary. Deficiency of the
latter. The Absence of Precepts for its Compilation.
CHAPTER V
100
The Dignity of Civil History and the Obstacles it has to encounter
102
CHAPTER VI
Division of Civil History into Memoirs, Antiquities, and Perfect History
CHAPTER VII
Division of Perfect History into Chronicles, Biographies, and Relations.
The Development of their parts
103
104
CHAPTER VIII
Division of the History of Times into Universal and Particular.
vantages and Disadvantages of both
CHAPTER IX
The Ad-
108
Second Division of the History of Times into Annals and Journals
CHAPTER X
Second Division of Special Civil History into Pure and Mixed
CHAPTER XI
Ecclesiastical History divided into the General History of the Church, His-
tory of Prophecy, and History of Providence
CHAPTER XII
The Appendix of History embraces the Words of Men, as the Body of His-
tory includes their Exploits. Its Division into Speeches, Letters, and
Apothegms
CHAPTER XIII
The Second leading Branch of Learning-Poetry. Its Division into Narra-
tive, Dramatic, and Parabolic. Three Examples of the latter species
detailed
BOOK III
Division of Learning into Theology and Philosophy. The latter divided
into the Knowledge of God, of Nature, and of Man.
Philosophia Prima as the Mother of all the Sciences
Construction of
137
Natural Theology with its Appendix, the Knowledge of Angels and
Spirits
Natural Philosophy divided into Speculative and Practical. The Neces-
sity of keeping these Two Branches distinct
142
144
Division of the Speculative Branch of Natural Philosophy into Physics and
Metaphysics. Physics relate to the Investigation of Efficient Causes
and Matter; Metaphysics to that of Final Causes and the Form. Divi-
sion of Physics into the Sciences of the Principles of Things, the
Structure of Things, and the Variety of Things. Division of Physics
in relation to the Variety of Things into Abstract and Concrete.
Division of Concretes agrees with the Distribution of the Parts of
Natural History. Division of Abstracts into the Doctrine of Material
Forms and Motion. Appendix of Speculative Physics twofold: viz.,
Natural Problems and the Opinions of Ancient Philosophers. Meta-
physics divided into the Knowledge of Forms and the Doctrine of
Final Causes 145
Division of the Practical Branch of Natural Philosophy into Mechanics and
Magic (Experimental Philosophy), which correspond to the Speculative
Division—Mechanics to Physics, and Magic to Metaphysics. The word
Magic cleared from False Interpretation. Appendix to Active Science
twofold: viz., an Inventory of Human Helps and a Catalogue of Things
of Multifarious Use
The Great Appendix of Natural Philosophy both Speculative and Practical.
Mathematics. Its Proper Position not among the Substantial Sciences,
but in their Appendix. Mathematics divided into Pure and Mixed
BOOK IV
Division of the Knowledge of Mau into Human and Civil Philosophy.
Human Philosophy divided into the Doctrine of the Body and Soul.
The Construction of one General Science, including the Nature and
State of Man. The latter divided into the Doctrine of the Human
Person and the Connection of the Soul with the Body. Division of
168
171
the Doctrine of the Person of Man into that of his Miseries and Pre-
rogatives. Division of the Relations between the Soul and the Body
into the Doctrines of Indications and Impressions. Physiognomy and
the Interpretation of Dreams assigned to the Doctrine of Indications 175
Division of the Knowledge of the Human Body into the Medicinal, Cosmetic,
Athletic, and the Voluptuary Arts. Division of Medicine into Three
Functions: viz., the Preservation of Health, the Cure of Diseases, and
the Prolongation of Life. The last distinct from the two former.
Division of the Doctrine of the Human Soul into that of the Inspired Essence
and the Knowledge of the Sensible or Produced Soul. Second Division
of the same philosophy into the Doctrine of the Substance and the Fac-
ulties of the Soul. The Use and Objects of the latter. Two Appen-
dices to the Doctrine of the Faculties of the Soul: viz., Natural Divina-
tion and Fascination (Mesmerism). The Faculties of the Sensible Soul
divided into those of Motion and Sense
182
199
BOOK V
Division of the Use and Objects of the Faculties of the Soul into Logic and
Ethics. Division of Logic into the Arts of Invention, Judgment,
Memory and Tradition
The
Division of Invention into the Invention of Arts and Arguments.
former, though the more important of them, is wanting. Division of
the Invention of Arts into Literate (Instructed) Experience and a New
Method (Novum Organum). An Illustration of Literate Experience
Division of the Invention of Arguments into Promptuary, or Places of Prep-
aration, and Topical, or Places of Suggestion. The Division of Topics
into General and Particular. An Example of Particular Topics afforded
by an Inquiry into the Nature of the Qualities of Light and Heavy
Induction
The Art of Judgment divided into Induction and the Syllogism.
developed in the Novum Organum. The Syllogism divided into Direct
and Inverse Reduction. Inverse Reduction divided into the Doctrine
210
212
227
of Analytics and Confutations. The division of the latter into Confu-
tations of Sophisms, the Unmasking of Vulgarisms (Equivocal Terms),
and the Destruction of Delusive Images or Idols. Delusive Appear-
ances divided into Idola Tribús, Idola Specûs, and Idola Fori. Appen.
dix to the Art of Judgment. The Adapting the Demonstration to the
Nature of the Subject
235
Division of the Retentive Art into the Aids of the Memory and the Nature
Division of the Doctrine of Memory into Preno-
of the Memory itself.
tion and Emblem
BOOK VI
244
Division of Tradition into the Doctrine of the Organ, the Method and the
Illustration of Speech. The Organ of Speech divided into the Knowl-
edge of the Marks of Things, of Speaking and Writing. The last two
comprise the two Branches of Grammar. The Marks of Things divided
into Hieroglyphics and Real Characters. Grammar again divided into
Literary and Philosophical. Prosody referred to the Doctrine of Speech,
and Ciphers to the Department of Writing.
247
Method of Speech includes a wide Part of Tradition. Styled the Wisdom
of Delivery. Various kinds of Methods enumerated. Their respective
Merits
259
The Grounds and Functions of Rhetoric. Three Appendices which belong
only to the Preparatory Part, viz., the Colors of Good and Evil, both
simple and composed; the Antithesis of Things (the pro and con of
General Questions); the Minor Forms of Speech (the Elaboration
of Exordiums, Perorations, and Leading Arguments)
. 268
Two General Appendices to Tradition, viz., the Arts of Teaching and