Avo, Vitex agnus castus, a tree like a willow, the branches of which the matrons strewed on their beds at the Thesmophoria, 266. Αδριανικαὶ ἀλεκτορίδες, a small kind of domestic fowl, 138. Aɛtok, a kind of owl. Stryx aluco, Strack, 249. Brown Owl. There is also another migratory kind mentioned, 249, which does not hoot.
'Aépoy, the Baotian name of the Merops, M. apiaster, 138. Αετός, οι αἰετὸς, Eagle, hence the Latin avis, 9, 61; its eggs and young, 146; two species, the Py- gargus baliætus, and the black eagle, Aquila anataria or Falco næ- vius, ib.; several species, 201, 250; used in augury, 217; eats serpents, 231; food and manners, 251; true eagles, Falco chrysaetos, ib.; the eagle kills the heron, 233; it fights with the vulture and the swan, ib. ; a kind of eagle in Scythia, 252. Andov, nightingale, Sylvia luscinia, its song, 95, 96; reproduction, 108; its tongue, 246; changes its song and colour, 276. Alepivn, Atherina presbyter, Spratt's Lycia, or A. vera, in modern Greek atherno, 159; its reproduc- tion, 160, 234.
Ayilados, Parus, Tit or Titmouse,
eats worms, 202; three species ib.; lays many eggs, 246; an enemy to bees, 265 ; σπιξίτης, parus major, Strack. opewog, Parus ater, Strack, or P. caudatus. Máxioros, Parus cœruleus.
Aiyos, Bunting, Emberiza, Strack, or hedge sparrow or Parus cœru leus, dislikes the ass, builds in hedges, 232; hostile to the anthus and acanthis, 233; its food and young, 246,
Aiyoonas, goat sucker, Caprimul- gus Europæus, 250. 'Alyorépaλos, Stryx otus, Strack,
Aiyvniòs, the Vulture, it is hostile to the salon (small hawk), 9, and fights with the eagle, ib. Alyvnтos, Egypt, the Egyptians hatch eggs in manure, 139; two kinds of Egyptian mice, one with stiff hair (Hierax, or Aulacodus Swinderianus), another with long hind legs (Jerboa, or Cavia), 178; the care of animals among the Egyptians, 231; a large kind of oxen in Egypt, 226; asp and ich- neumon, 238; white and black ibis, 242.
Aiyúλios, a night bird of prey,
Stryx passerina, Strack, or 8. flammea. Camus. La chouette, little owl, 201; kills the calaris,
232; its habit and mode of life, 247; in p. 139 this bird is called αἰτώλιος.
Aleros, a cartilaginous fish, one of the class selache, Raia aquila, 104. Aitoria, Ethiopia, winged ser- pents in Ethiopia, probably Dra- co volans, 9; Ethiopian sheep, 165. Ailio, Ethiopian, teeth, 60; se- men, 72, 188. Aiovia, a large waterbird, Larus parasiticus, or L. Marinus, Strack, or L. argentatus, 2; its reproduc- tion, 108; food, 203. Aloupos, cat, Felis cattus, copula- tion, 103; its young, food, and mode of life, 177; kills birds, 239. Αιμοῤῥοῖς, οι αποῤῥαΐς, a kind of
shell fish, perhaps Murex, 85, 86. Ai, goat, male and female, Ibex or wild goat, Spratt's Lycia, Caper hircus, Strack, 13, 27. 28, 31, 66; the she goats of Eta, 70; the he goat in Lemnos, ib.; it is mentioned with the chimæra or domestic goat in 71; dreams, 97; infested with ticks, 134; dis- charges of the female, 163, 164; gestation, 165; food, drink, &c., 207; the wild goat, 225; Syrian Caper hircus Mambricus and Ly- cian goat, C. Angorensis, ib.; Egyptian, 226; its mode of life, 235; wild goats in Crete, 238; ru- mination, 278.
Ait, a water bird, probably Tantalus arquatus, Strack, Scolopax Galli- nago, 208. Airáλwv, a small hawk, perhaps sparrow-hawk or merlin, Falco salon, 253.
Αἰτώλιος, see Αἰγώλιος. Akaλnon, Medusa, and probably also some species of Actinia, 2, 3; fixed and locomotive kinds, 87, 88; small and edible species, others large and hard, 88; a fleshy kind, 195; a large kind, its food, mouth, and anus, 198.
'Aravoías, a kind of shark, Squalus Acanthias, Strack, 256. 'Akaveis, thistle finch or gold finch, Fringilla carduelis, or Fringilla cannabina, Strack, or F. spinus, brown linnet, 202; hates the ass, lives on worms, 233; a foe to the anthus and ægithus, 234; its food, colour, song, 247. 'Aкavovλλis, Parus pendulinus, or caudatus, Strack, 202; its nest, 245.
"Akapı, mite, Dermestes fatidicus, or perhaps Bostrichus, Strack, 135. 'Arpis, locust, Tetigonia, Strack, Acridium, 89, 95; its birth, 123; reproduction, 132; changes its skin, 216; it is said to contend with serpents, 238: the Spex la- certicida corresponds with this description, Schneider.
'Akúλos, the acorn of the evergreen oak, used for fattening pigs, 206. 'AXEKTopic, the domestic hen, Pha- sianus gallus, different kinds, 111, 138;
sometimes produces soft eggs, 139; chickens, 140, 141; barren eggs, and times of laying, ib.; growth of the chick in the egg, 142; twin eggs, 144; the hen sometimes takes the form of the cock, 215; rolls in the dust, 277. 'AλEKTOVwv, domestic fowl, male, also used of the class, 5; his comb, 36; crop, 45; appendages to in- testines, ib.; crowing, 96; man- ner of coition, 102; appearances like ova when cut open, 139; tes- ticles, 148; habits in temples, 241; sometimes they assume the form and habits of hens, 275; method of castration, 277. 'Alaisrog, sea-eagle, different from the osprey, perhaps Aquila albi. cilla or Falco halicetus, 203, 251, 253.
'Akvwv, Alcedo, kingfisher, or per- haps Turdus arundinaceus, repro- duction, 107, 108; two species described, 203; materials and form
of its nest, 246. It is doubtful whether either of the species is our kingfisher. Schneider. Αλοσάχη, probably a species of Zoophyte Alcyonia, 246. 'Aλwn, fox, Canis vulpes, 6, 29; it breeds with the Laconian dogs, 227; attacks the heron, 233; is friendly with the crow, b.; a troglodyte, ib.
'Alone, Vampire, Vespertilio cani- nus, Strack, V. dinops or Sciurus volans, 9; reproduction, 177; it hunts mice, 178.
'A\πn, a cartilaginous fish, re- production, 149; represents a class, 151; Egyptian species, 226; stratagems, 255. 'Auía, a kind of tunny, mackerel, Scomber, Strack, 4, 40, 91; its rapid growth, 160, 199, 200; lives in bays, 211; and enters rivers, 218; its teeth and mode of de- fence, 255. 'Auvydaλn, Amygdala communis, almond tree, 268, almonds, 242. 'Aveias, a migratory sea fish, also called ἀνλωπίας, Scomber ala | longa, 159; gregarious, 234; also called sacred, 255. "Aveos, yellow bunting, Emberiza citrinella, Strack, Motacilla ba- rula, 202; feeds in meadows, imitates the neighing of the horse, 233; hostile to the acanthis and ægithus, ib.; it lives by the side of rivers, 244. 'Avopnrn, wild bee, Apis terrestris, or Vespa crabro, 88; the larvæ, 124; reproduction, 130; a diligent insect, 258; makes honey, 260; its manners and habits, 270. *ATIоç, the pear tree, 126. 'Arλvoias, a dark-coloured sponge,
'Aroppats, various reading for duoppots, Murex, or Natica. "ATOUS, swift, Hirundo apus, 4; also called κυψελλος, 271. 'Apúxvnc, spider, 5, 85, 135; its
web, reproduction, 123, 131, 132, is driven away by its young, 131; it sucks its prey, 213; is eaten by the lizard, 232; four kinds, 258, 259. Yuλa, Salticus scenicus- The smaller kind Dolomedes mi- rabilis-the larger Lycosa ruri- cola, another Dolomedes fimbria- tus.
"Apkтoç, bear, Ursus Arctus, 25, 27, 29, 42; coition, 102; at this time it becomes fierce, 161; period of gestation, imperfect young, 175; mode of drinking, 205; hy- bernation, 215; eats the arum, ib; the females courageous, 230; its habits, 237.
"Apkтos, a crustacean, perhaps Can- cer spinosissimus, Strack, Scyllaris arctus, reproduction, 121; its food and manner of seizing it, 205. "Apπn, a bird of prey, falcon, lives near the sea, and attacks the gull and brenthus, 232; the piphinx and ictinus are friendly to it, 234; its mode of life, attacks the eyes of its prey, 247.
Αρχάνος, a fish, see 'Αχάρνας. 'Arkaλaßorns, lizard, Lacerta
Gecko, Stellio veterum, 160; it lives in holes, 213; changes its skin, 216; its bite poisonous in some parts of Italy, 227; it eats spiders, 232; it can walk in an inverted position, 242. 'Aokáλapos, probably some kind of owl, Stryx ulula, 45. 'Aocalwraç, Scolopax gallinago, snipe, Strack, (Schneider disap- proves of this identification), S. phæopus, 249. See oкolónak. 'Aokapides, ascaris, intestinal worm, 124.
'Aokapic, the larva of the empis (gnat), 125. 'Aoráλağ, mole, Talpa vulgaris, lives in holes, 5; its eyes, 13, 90; there are many in Boeotia none in Lebadia, 225. 'Aonic, Coluber aspis, asp, from
which a poison is made in Lybia, 227; in Egypt it is attacked by the ichneumon, 238. Aorakòs, lobster, Cancer Gamma- rus, and Astacus, 138; compared with the spiny lobster, 77, 78, 79; a small fresh-water species, Astacus fluviatilis, crayfish, 86; its reproduction, 106, 121; changes its shell, 217. 'Aoragic, a raisin used for feeding cattle, 206,
'AoTepias, a cartilaginous fish, 109, 151. Squalus asterias.
'Arrepiac, a hawk, 109, 151, 253. 'Aorepías, Ardea stellaris, bittern,
'Aornp, star-fish, Uraster rubens, 118.
'Aopódeλos, a plant, asphodel, A. ramosus, 260.
Ατρακτυλλίς, a plant of the thistle tribe, Carthamus creticus. 'Arraynv, grouse, Tetrao bonasia, or T. attagen, 249; it lives on the ground, 276. Αττέλαβος,
kind of locust, Gryllus, 123; reproduction and death, 133.
Αυλωπίας, the same as ἀνθίας, 159. 'Avgiç, the young tunny, 160. 'Apákn, plant, a kind of vetch, 208.
"Appoc, fish spawn, 157.
'Apún. anchovy or sardine, Melanu- rus juvenculus, 157, its origin, ib.; other kinds, ib.; in modern Greek ἀφρόψαρο.
̓Αχαΐνης ἔλαφος, a variety of large stag with a strong mane, Strack; a brocket, or two-year old stag. from his single-pointed horns, Liddell and Scott, 39, 237. "Axápvas, a sea fish, Anarrhicas rufus, 200; does not bear heat,
Axeras, the male grasshopper, Cicada Orni, 89. "Axpag, a kind of wild pear, Pyrus communis, 206, 268.
Baλaypos, a fresh-water fish, Cobitis barbus, 98.
Bálavos, Balanus, Cirripede, acorn shell, 94, 117, Báλavoc, acorn, 221. Báλepos, a fresh-water fish, Cy- prinus blicca, 156, 219 ; βάλερος, βαλῖνος, βαρῖνος, are readings.
Baotsus, also called trochilus, and presbys, lives in holes, 244; has a bright crest, 202; probably Regu- lus Cristatus, golden-crested wren, or Sylvia troglodytes.
Baris, a bird that frequents bushes,
Sylvia rubicola, eats worms, 202; mentioned with finch and sparrow. Baric, a fish, the prickly roach, Liadell and Scott, 149, 152.
Báros, ray, Raia batos, not the skate, which is perhaps leiobatos, 8, 37; its manner of coition, 104; it does not receive its young into itself, 150, 151; it lives in holes, 214; its manner of taking its prey, 255. Bárpayos, frog, Rana esculenta and B. temporaria, 3, 39, 87; croaks, 96; the female larger than the male, 100; coition, 103; tadpole, 154; its united spawn, 155; spoken of as a class, 196; no croaking frogs in Cyrene, 225; marsh frogs are foes to bees, 261. Bárpaxos, a cartilaginous fish, Lophius piscatorius and L. barba- tus, 8, 37, 38, 40; among the se- lache, 104; oviparous, 148, 150; it produces many young, 159. Beλóvn, fish, Syngnathus acus, 40; its reproduction, 109, 154, 160; gregarious, 224; the Halcyon builds its nest with the bones of this fish.
Bolíraiva, cephalopod, Eledone mos- chites, Leach, 76; also called ὄζολις; it does not exist in the Euripus, 256. Boußuxia, Apis cementaria, or also Megachile muraria, and Bombus
terrestris, forms an angular cell of mud, 131. Boußudios, larva of silk worm, 124; the humble bee, 260, 271. Bóμßv, silkworm.
Bóvaooos, Antelope bonassus, or Bos Urus, Bison, 26, 28; its country, form, habits, hunting, 273.
Bookas, Anas boscas, or A. Crecca, 203.
Bóorpuxos, insect, Lampyris noc- tiluca, Strack, 125. Borßalis, Antilope Gnou, 58. Bouc, Bos taurus, Ox, 5, 27, 28, 29, 30, 41, 62; milk, 69; dreams, 97; lowing of the bull, 100, 112; coition, 103; tormented with lice, 135; sexual desires, 161, 162; discharges and urine of the cow, 163; reproductive powers of bull, 168; the castrated animal is taught to lead the herd, ib.; teeth, milk, and habits, ib.; veins in the em- bryo, 190; mode of drinking, 205; care of the ox, 206; red cattle of Epirus, 207; diseases, 219, 222; the ox drinks pure water, 224; Egyptian oxen, 226; habits, 236; wild oxen, B. Bu- balus, 26; one species of ox has a bone in its heart, 39; oxen in Phrygia which can move their horns, 61; small oxen in Phasis, 71; oxen in Epirus, ib.; in Tor- tona, 72; the cow brings forth at a year old, 113; Syrian oxen, 226; castration of the young, 278; rumination, ib. Bous, a cartilaginous fish, Raia cor- nuta, 104, 152.
Boέvoos, a sea-bird, Anas tadorna, hostile to the larus and harpa, 232; makes its nest in hills and woody places, 244.
Bpúas, a large owl, Stryx bubo,
Bpúov, algæ, both fresh-water and marine, 155, 200, 220. Bpuoroc, an echinite, Scutella, 102.
Taλas, a kind of smooth shell-fish, mya pictorum, 82.
Taλeòs, a cartilaginous fish, Squalus galeus and charachias, Strack, or Gadus lota, 8, 44, 49, 108, 149, 151; uterus and ova, 150; re- ceives its young into itself, ib.; not found in the Pyrrhæan Euripus, 256.
Talewon, fish of the shark kind, 37, 40, 41; placed under the selache, 104, 149; the males have appen- dages, 104; the uterus, 149; ga- lei and galeodes, 151. Taλn, weasel, martin, polecat, Mus- tela Faro, M. Erminea, M. vul- garis, 20; the wild kind hunts mice, 178; hostile to the crow, 232; it attacks serpents, 233; in Poroselene, 225; it fights with serpents, especially with those called myotheræ, 238; its form compared with the ictis, 239; eats birds' eggs, 232; mode of attack- ing its prey, 238.
l'épavos, crane, Ardea grus, 2, 4, 64; coition, 102; migrations of the male bird, 209; they migrate after the quails, ib.; the fable of the stone they are said to carry, 210; gregarious, ib.; migrations, leaders, prudence, 243; they fight with each other, the number of their eggs, 245.
livvog, the offspring of a mule witn
a mare or she ass, 11; see ivvoç. ravis, a fresh-water fish, Silurus glanis, Strack, 9, 38, 40, 219; conjoined spawn, 155: two spe- cies, the greater and the smaller, the male watches the spawn, ib. ; size of the ova, 156; diseases, 219; un£ to eat when in spawn, the
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