(THREE HOURS allowed for THE PAPER ON THESE TWO SUBJECTS.)

Section 1.

1. What is the law of the reflexion of light? Account for the image of an object placed at any distance before a plane mirror appearing at the same distance behind it.

2. Account for the separation of a beam of light into its different coloured rays by passing through a prism.

3. Show where an object must be placed before a concave mirror that the image may be greater than the object. Investigate a relation between the distance of the object, and that of the image from the centre of the sphere of whose surface the mirror forms part.

Section 2.

1. A magnetic bar when suspended from its centre of gravity does not hang horizontally: account for this.

2. What is meant by induced magnetism? Is such induced magnetism ever produced in the iron of a ship, and by what cause? Has any expedient been adopted to neutralise its effect on the compass, and what?

3. Explain the principle of the electric telegraph.

Section 3.

1. Write down all you know about oxygen. What has it to do with respiration and the combustion of fuel?

2. How may chlorine be obtained, and what are its properties?

3. Give some account of the compounds of carbon.

Section 4.

1. What motion takes place in water when heat is applied to the bottom of the vessel which contains it? How is this applied in the hot-water apparatus for heating apartments?

2. Why does ice float on the surface of the water in which it is formed? What advantages result from this property of ice? Why is it that leaden pipes are burst when the water in them is frozen, and that rocks are disintegrated by the action of frost ?

3. What is meant by the law of combining proportions in chemistry or chemical equivalents? Give examples of it, and of the chemical nomenclature formed in accordance with it.

INDUSTRIAL MECHANICS.

Section 1.

1. On what point will a bar balance which is 6 feet long, and which carries at one extremity a weight of 12lbs. and at the other of 29 lbs., supposing the bar to be without weight? If the bar itself weighs 20lbs. and is of uniform thickness, what difference will this make in the position of the fulcrum?

2. Investigate a rule for determining the work necessary to raise a body up an inclined plane of small inclination, taking into account friction.

3. Explain what is meant by the specific gravity of a body. Show how the specific gravity of a solid may be found; and describe and explain the hydrometer.

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Section 2.

1. What is the working horse power of an engine which raises 2,000 cubic feet an hour from a depth of 80 fathoms?

2. The velocity of a torrent is 30 feet per second, and its section is two square feet; find the horse power of an undershot wheel which should apply all the power of this torrent.

3. How many cubic feet of water must an engine be capable of evaporating per minute, that it may work at 400 horse power, the mean pressure of the steam in the cylinder being 45 lbs. per square inch, and the vacuum resistance being neglected?

N. B.-The volume to which a cubic foot of water expands itself when converted into steam at 45 lbs. per sq. in. pressure is 610 cubic ft.

Section 3.

1. Describe and explain the water ram.

2. Describe and explain the construction of the D valve and of the condenser in the condensing steam engine.

3. Describe and explain the construction of a common clock.

LANGUAGES.

(FOUR HOURS ALLOWED FOR THIS PAPER, WITH THAT ON MUSIC.)

1. Translate, literally, one of the following passages:—

(1) Ελεγε δὲ πρὸς πάντας, “ Εἴ τις θέλει ὀπίσω μου ἐλθεῖν, ἀπαρνησάσθω ἑαυτὸν καὶ ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ καθ' ἡμέραν, καὶ ἀκολουθείτω μοι. ὃς γὰρ ἂν θέλῃ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ σῶσαι, ἀπολέσει αὐτήν· ὃς δ ̓ ἂν ἀπολέσῃ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ, οὗτος σώσει αὐτήν. τί γὰρ ὠφελεῖται ἄνθρωπος, κερδήσας τὸν κόσμον ὅλον, ἑαυτὸν δὲ ἀπολέσας ἢ ζημιωθείς; ὃς γὰρ ἂν ἐπαισχυνθῇ με καὶ τοὺς ἐμοὺς λόγους, τοῦτον ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐπαισχυνθήσεται, ὅταν ἔλθῃ ἐν τῇ δόξῃ αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τῶν ἁγίων ἀγγέλων.

Parse ἐλθεῖν —ἀράτω ἀπολέσει ἀπολέσῃ — ζημιωθείς.

(2) Ην δέ τις ἐν τῇ στρατιᾷ Ξενοφῶν, Αθηναῖος, ὃς οὔτε στρατηγὸς οὔτε λοχαγὸς οὔτε στρατιώτης ὢν συνηκολούθει, ἀλλὰ Πρόξενος αὐτὸν μετεπέμψατο οἴκοθεν, ξένος ὢν ἀρχαῖος· ὑπισχνεῖτο δὲ αὐτῷ, εἰ ἔλθοι, φίλον αὐτὸν Κύρῳ ποιήσειν, ὃν αὐτὸς ἔφη κρείττω ἑαυτῷ νομίζειν τῆς πατρίδος. Ὁ μέντοι Ξενοφῶν ἀναγνοὺς τὴν ἐπιστολὴν ἀνακοινοῦται Σωκράτει, τῷ ̓Αθηναίῳ, περὶ τῆς πορείας. καὶ ὁ Σωκράτης, υποπτεύσας μή τι πρὸς τῆς πόλεως ὑπαίτιον εἴη Κύρῳ φίλον γενέσθαι, ὅτι ἐδόκει ὁ Κῦρος προθύμως τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις ἐπὶ τὰς ̓Αθήνας συμπολεμῆσαι, συμβουλεύει τῷ Ξενοφῶντι ἐλθόντα εἰς Δελφοὺς ἀνακοινῶσαι τῷ θεῷ περὶ τῆς πορείας.

1. Parse ἀναγνοὺς — λοχαγός—ὑπισχνείτο

κρείττω ἀνακοινώσαι.

2. Give some of the meanings of μετὰ ὑπὸ — and dvd, in composition.

2. Translate one of these passages into literal English prose:

(1) Labienus, quum et loci natura et manu munitissimis castris sese teneret, de suo ac legionis periculo nihil timebat; ne quam occasionem rei bene gerendæ dimitteret, cogitabat. Itaque a Cingetorige atque eius propinquis oratione Indutiomari cognita, quam in concilio habuerat, nuncios mittit ad finitimas civitates equitesque undique evocat: iis certum diem conveniendi dicit. Interim prope quotidie cum omni equitatu Indutiomarus sub castris eius vagabatur, alias ut situm castrorum cognosceret, alias colloquendi aut territandi caussa: equites plerumque omnes tela intra vallum coniiciebant. Labienus suos intra munitiones continebat; timorisque opinionem, quibuscumque poterat rebus, augebat.

Parse teneret-gerendæ-castris-conveniendi-alias.

(2) Provehimur pelago vicina Ceraunia iuxta,
unde iter Italiam cursusque brevissimus undis.
Sol ruit interea, et montes umbrantur opaci ;
sternimur optatæ gremio telluris ad undam,
sortiti remos, passimque in litore sicco
corpora curamus; fessos sopor irrigat artus.
Necdum orbem medium Nox horis acta subibat
haud segnis strato surgit Palinurus, et omnes
explorat ventos, atque auribus aëra captat;
sidera cuncta notat tacito labentia cœlo,
Arcturum, pluviasque Hyadas, geminosque Triones,
armatumque auro circumspicit Oriona.

Postquam cuncta videt cœlo constare sereno,
dat clarum e puppi signum; nos castra movemus,
tentamusque viam, et velorum pandimus alas.

3. Translate the following into English:-
:-

Il y a quelquefois dans la destinée un jeu bizarre et cruel; on dirait que c'est une puissance qui veut inspirer la crainte, et repousse la familiarité confiante; souvent, quand on se livre le plus à l'esperance, et surtout lorsqu'on a l'air de plaisanter avec le sort et de compter sur le bonheur, il se passe quelque chose de redoutable dans le tissu de notre histoire, et les fatales sœurs viennent y mêler leur fil noir, et brouiller l'œuvre de nos mains. Parse the words printed in italics.

WELSH.

1. Translate into English one of the following passages; viz.:"A wyddost ti yr amser i eifr gwylltion y creigiau lydnu? a fedri di wylied yr amser y bwrw yr ewigod loi? A gyfrifi di y misoedd a gyflawnant hwy? ac a wyddost ti yr amser y llydnant? Ymgrymmant, bwriant eu llydnod, ac ymadawant â'u gofid. Eu llydnod a gryfhâ, cynnyddant yn y maes; ânt allan, ac ni ddychwelant attynt hwy. Pwy a ollyngodd yr asyn gwyllt yn rhydd? neu pwy a ddattododd rwymau yr asyn gwyllt? Yr hwn y gosodais yr anialwch yn dŷ iddo, a'r diffaethwch yn drigfa iddo. Efe a chwardd am ben lliaws tref; ni wrendy ar lais y geilwad."

“Can nad oedd gan y prydydd cyntaf un cynllun, gweledig na chlywedig, o'i flaen i'w ddysgu i gyfansoddi cerdd, pa beth, pa allu, a weithiai ar ei ymbwyll i anturio y gorchwyl? Ei ddawn gynhenid, y ddawn oedd gyfansawdd â'i anian, ac a anwyd gydag ef. Yr oedd efe yn gyfarwydd yn ei famiaith, yn ymhofi ynddi, ac yn ei gweled yn rhagori ar bob iaith arall. Llawenydd a gorfoledd yspryd a barai iddo dorri allan i draethu teimladu ei fynwes mewn iaith mwy derchafedig nag a arferid mewn ymadroddion cyffredin. Y gerdd henaf ar gof a chadw ydyw Cân Ddiolchgarwch Moses a phlant Israel ar draethell môr Edom, pan ddymchelwyd eu herlidwyr, Pharoah a'i fyddin, ai feirch, a'i gerbydau, yn rhyferthwy y dyfroedd chwyddedig."

2. Point out, and explain carefully the laws of all the literal mutations that occur in whichever of the above passages you may have translated.

3. Translate into Welsh one of the following passages; viz. :—

46

Many young men, at the present day, seem possessed with the idea that they ought to be constantly endeavouring to better their position in life, and to be always aiming at the acquisition of something more valuable than what they actually hold. No matter how good their situation may be in other respects, they will quit the kindest employers, and go to strangers, for the

Examination Papers of Training Colleges. 449

difference of two or three pounds in their salaries. This is pure folly; just as if comfort could always be bought for money, or friendship and regard be bestowed in proportion to the number of pence."

"One of the principal duties of every good citizen is to support the established laws and institutions of his country, in opposition to the constant changes which selfish men, under a pretence of patriotism, are ever trying to force upon the public. Patriotism may sometimes be one of the most solid, but is generally one of the most empty, of public virtues. If the mask that covers the face of the loudest declaimer for what he calls his country's good could be suddenly removed, there would often be found beneath it only a bag of bones puffed up with froth and wind."

4. Give some account of the syntax of the noun in Welsh grammar, and show how the absence of cases is supplied.

5. How are the genders of Welsh adjectives formed? Give examples. 6. What are the distinctive uses of a and y when placed before verbs?. how do they affect the verbs?